-remove trailing whitespace
[oweals/gnunet.git] / src / util / scheduler.c
index 0e40d184da4316c5fc1bd7e65ff344d361fd5546..8652ee29769834bd9a4903da462ccfac2ebdca15 100644 (file)
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /*
       This file is part of GNUnet
-      (C) 2009 Christian Grothoff (and other contributing authors)
+      (C) 2009-2013 Christian Grothoff (and other contributing authors)
 
       GNUnet is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
       it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
-      by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your
+      by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
       option) any later version.
 
       GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  * @author Christian Grothoff
  */
 #include "platform.h"
-#include "gnunet_common.h"
-#include "gnunet_os_lib.h"
-#include "gnunet_scheduler_lib.h"
-#include "gnunet_signal_lib.h"
-#include "gnunet_time_lib.h"
-#ifdef LINUX
+#include "gnunet_util_lib.h"
+#include "disk.h"
+
+#define LOG(kind,...) GNUNET_log_from (kind, "util-scheduler", __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define LOG_STRERROR(kind,syscall) GNUNET_log_from_strerror (kind, "util-scheduler", syscall)
+
+
+#if HAVE_EXECINFO_H
 #include "execinfo.h"
+
+/**
+ * Use lsof to generate file descriptor reports on select error?
+ * (turn off for stable releases).
+ */
+#define USE_LSOF GNUNET_NO
+
+/**
+ * Obtain trace information for all scheduler calls that schedule tasks.
+ */
 #define EXECINFO GNUNET_NO
+
+/**
+ * Check each file descriptor before adding
+ */
+#define DEBUG_FDS GNUNET_NO
+
+/**
+ * Depth of the traces collected via EXECINFO.
+ */
 #define MAX_TRACE_DEPTH 50
 #endif
 
-#define DEBUG_TASKS GNUNET_NO
+/**
+ * Should we figure out which tasks are delayed for a while
+ * before they are run? (Consider using in combination with EXECINFO).
+ */
+#define PROFILE_DELAYS GNUNET_NO
+
+/**
+ * Task that were in the queue for longer than this are reported if
+ * PROFILE_DELAYS is active.
+ */
+#define DELAY_THRESHOLD GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_SECONDS
+
 
 /**
  * Linked list of pending tasks.
@@ -77,17 +110,19 @@ struct Task
    */
   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier id;
 
-  /**
-   * Identifier of a prerequisite task.
-   */
-  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier prereq_id;
-
   /**
    * Absolute timeout value for the task, or
    * GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_ABS for "no timeout".
    */
   struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute timeout;
 
+#if PROFILE_DELAYS
+  /**
+   * When was the task scheduled?
+   */
+  struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute start_time;
+#endif
+
   /**
    * Why is the task ready?  Set after task is added to ready queue.
    * Initially set to zero.  All reasons that have already been
@@ -100,6 +135,22 @@ struct Task
    */
   enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority priority;
 
+  /**
+   * Set if we only wait for reading from a single FD, otherwise -1.
+   */
+  int read_fd;
+
+  /**
+   * Set if we only wait for writing to a single FD, otherwise -1.
+   */
+  int write_fd;
+
+  /**
+   * Should the existence of this task in the queue be counted as
+   * reason to not shutdown the scheduler?
+   */
+  int lifeness;
+
 #if EXECINFO
   /**
    * Array of strings which make up a backtrace from the point when this
@@ -113,67 +164,100 @@ struct Task
   int num_backtrace_strings;
 #endif
 
+
 };
 
 
 /**
- * Handle for the scheduling service.
+ * List of tasks waiting for an event.
  */
-struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle
-{
+static struct Task *pending;
 
-  /**
-   * List of tasks waiting for an event.
-   */
-  struct Task *pending;
+/**
+ * List of tasks waiting ONLY for a timeout event.
+ * Sorted by timeout (earliest first).  Used so that
+ * we do not traverse the list of these tasks when
+ * building select sets (we just look at the head
+ * to determine the respective timeout ONCE).
+ */
+static struct Task *pending_timeout;
 
-  /**
-   * ID of the task that is running right now.
-   */
-  struct Task *active_task;
+/**
+ * Last inserted task waiting ONLY for a timeout event.
+ * Used to (heuristically) speed up insertion.
+ */
+static struct Task *pending_timeout_last;
 
-  /**
-   * List of tasks ready to run right now,
-   * grouped by importance.
-   */
-  struct Task *ready[GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT];
+/**
+ * ID of the task that is running right now.
+ */
+static struct Task *active_task;
 
-  /**
-   * Identity of the last task queued.  Incremented for each task to
-   * generate a unique task ID (it is virtually impossible to start
-   * more than 2^64 tasks during the lifetime of a process).
-   */
-  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier last_id;
+/**
+ * List of tasks ready to run right now,
+ * grouped by importance.
+ */
+static struct Task *ready[GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT];
 
-  /**
-   * Highest number so that all tasks with smaller identifiers
-   * have already completed.  Also the lowest number of a task
  * still waiting to be executed.
  */
-  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier lowest_pending_id;
+/**
+ * Identity of the last task queued.  Incremented for each task to
+ * generate a unique task ID (it is virtually impossible to start
* more than 2^64 tasks during the lifetime of a process).
+ */
+static GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier last_id;
 
-  /**
  * Number of tasks on the ready list.
  */
-  unsigned int ready_count;
+/**
+ * Number of tasks on the ready list.
+ */
+static unsigned int ready_count;
 
-  /**
  * How many tasks have we run so far?
  */
-  unsigned long long tasks_run;
+/**
+ * How many tasks have we run so far?
+ */
+static unsigned long long tasks_run;
 
-  /**
  * Priority of the task running right now.  Only
  * valid while a task is running.
  */
-  enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority current_priority;
+/**
+ * Priority of the task running right now.  Only
+ * valid while a task is running.
+ */
+static enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority current_priority;
 
-  /**
-   * How 'nice' are we right now?
-   */
-  int nice_level;
+/**
+ * Priority of the highest task added in the current select
+ * iteration.
+ */
+static enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority max_priority_added;
 
-};
+/**
+ * Value of the 'lifeness' flag for the current task.
+ */
+static int current_lifeness;
+
+/**
+ * Function to use as a select() in the scheduler.
+ * If NULL, we use GNUNET_NETWORK_socket_select().
+ */
+static GNUNET_SCHEDULER_select scheduler_select;
+
+/**
+ * Closure for 'scheduler_select'.
+ */
+static void *scheduler_select_cls;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the select function to use in the scheduler (scheduler_select).
+ *
+ * @param new_select new select function to use
+ * @param new_select_cls closure for @a new_select
+ * @return previously used select function, NULL for default
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_set_select (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_select new_select,
+                             void *new_select_cls)
+{
+  scheduler_select = new_select;
+  scheduler_select_cls = new_select_cls;
+}
 
 
 /**
@@ -192,95 +276,52 @@ check_priority (enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority p)
 }
 
 
-/**
- * Is a task with this identifier still pending?  Also updates
- * "lowest_pending_id" as a side-effect (for faster checks in the
- * future), but only if the return value is "GNUNET_NO" (and
- * the "lowest_pending_id" check failed).
- *
- * @param sched the scheduler
- * @param id which task are we checking for
- * @return GNUNET_YES if so, GNUNET_NO if not
- */
-static int
-is_pending (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-            GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier id)
-{
-  struct Task *pos;
-  enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority p;
-  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier min;
-
-  if (id < sched->lowest_pending_id)
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  min = -1;                     /* maximum value */
-  pos = sched->pending;
-  while (pos != NULL)
-    {
-      if (pos->id == id)
-        return GNUNET_YES;
-      if (pos->id < min)
-        min = pos->id;
-      pos = pos->next;
-    }
-  for (p = 0; p < GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT; p++)
-    {
-      pos = sched->ready[p];
-      while (pos != NULL)
-        {
-          if (pos->id == id)
-            return GNUNET_YES;
-          if (pos->id < min)
-            min = pos->id;
-          pos = pos->next;
-        }
-    }
-  sched->lowest_pending_id = min;
-  return GNUNET_NO;
-}
-
-
 /**
  * Update all sets and timeout for select.
  *
- * @param sched the scheduler
  * @param rs read-set, set to all FDs we would like to read (updated)
  * @param ws write-set, set to all FDs we would like to write (updated)
  * @param timeout next timeout (updated)
  */
 static void
-update_sets (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-             struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs,
-             struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws,
+update_sets (struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs, struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws,
              struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative *timeout)
 {
   struct Task *pos;
+  struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute now;
+  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative to;
 
-  pos = sched->pending;
+  now = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ();
+  pos = pending_timeout;
+  if (pos != NULL)
+  {
+    to = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_difference (now, pos->timeout);
+    if (timeout->rel_value_us > to.rel_value_us)
+      *timeout = to;
+    if (pos->reason != 0)
+      *timeout = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO;
+  }
+  pos = pending;
   while (pos != NULL)
+  {
+    if (pos->timeout.abs_value_us != GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_ABS.abs_value_us)
     {
-      if ((pos->prereq_id != GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK) &&
-          (GNUNET_YES == is_pending (sched, pos->prereq_id)))
-        {
-          pos = pos->next;
-          continue;
-        }
-
-      if (pos->timeout.value != GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_ABS.value)
-        {
-          struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative to;
-
-          to = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_remaining (pos->timeout);
-          if (timeout->value > to.value)
-            *timeout = to;
-        }
-      if (pos->read_set != NULL)
-        GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_add (rs, pos->read_set);
-      if (pos->write_set != NULL)
-        GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_add (ws, pos->write_set);
-      if (pos->reason != 0)
-        *timeout = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO;
-      pos = pos->next;
+      to = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_difference (now, pos->timeout);
+      if (timeout->rel_value_us > to.rel_value_us)
+        *timeout = to;
     }
+    if (pos->read_fd != -1)
+      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_set_native (rs, pos->read_fd);
+    if (pos->write_fd != -1)
+      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_set_native (ws, pos->write_fd);
+    if (pos->read_set != NULL)
+      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_add (rs, pos->read_set);
+    if (pos->write_set != NULL)
+      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_add (ws, pos->write_set);
+    if (pos->reason != 0)
+      *timeout = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO;
+    pos = pos->next;
+  }
 }
 
 
@@ -297,15 +338,15 @@ static int
 set_overlaps (const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ready,
               struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *want)
 {
-  if (NULL == want)
+  if ((NULL == want) || (NULL == ready))
     return GNUNET_NO;
   if (GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_overlap (ready, want))
-    {
-      /* copy all over (yes, there maybe unrelated bits,
-         but this should not hurt well-written clients) */
-      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_copy (want, ready);
-      return GNUNET_YES;
-    }
+  {
+    /* copy all over (yes, there maybe unrelated bits,
+     * but this should not hurt well-written clients) */
+    GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_copy (want, ready);
+    return GNUNET_YES;
+  }
   return GNUNET_NO;
 }
 
@@ -314,36 +355,36 @@ set_overlaps (const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ready,
  * Check if the given task is eligible to run now.
  * Also set the reason why it is eligible.
  *
- * @param sched the scheduler
  * @param task task to check if it is ready
  * @param now the current time
  * @param rs set of FDs ready for reading
  * @param ws set of FDs ready for writing
- * @return GNUNET_YES if we can run it, GNUNET_NO if not.
+ * @return #GNUNET_YES if we can run it, #GNUNET_NO if not.
  */
 static int
-is_ready (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-          struct Task *task,
-          struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute now,
+is_ready (struct Task *task, struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute now,
           const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs,
           const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws)
 {
-  if (now.value >= task->timeout.value)
-    task->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_TIMEOUT;
-  if ((0 == (task->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_READ_READY)) &&
-      (rs != NULL) && (set_overlaps (rs, task->read_set)))
-    task->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_READ_READY;
-  if ((0 == (task->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_WRITE_READY)) &&
-      (ws != NULL) && (set_overlaps (ws, task->write_set)))
-    task->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_WRITE_READY;
-  if (task->reason == 0)
+  enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Reason reason;
+
+  reason = task->reason;
+  if (now.abs_value_us >= task->timeout.abs_value_us)
+    reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_TIMEOUT;
+  if ((0 == (reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_READ_READY)) &&
+      (((task->read_fd != -1) &&
+        (GNUNET_YES == GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_test_native (rs, task->read_fd))) ||
+       (set_overlaps (rs, task->read_set))))
+    reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_READ_READY;
+  if ((0 == (reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_WRITE_READY)) &&
+      (((task->write_fd != -1) &&
+        (GNUNET_YES == GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_test_native (ws, task->write_fd)))
+       || (set_overlaps (ws, task->write_set))))
+    reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_WRITE_READY;
+  if (reason == 0)
     return GNUNET_NO;           /* not ready */
-  if (task->prereq_id != GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK)
-    {
-      if (GNUNET_YES == is_pending (sched, task->prereq_id))
-        return GNUNET_NO;       /* prereq waiting */
-      task->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_PREREQ_DONE;
-    }
+  reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_PREREQ_DONE;
+  task->reason = reason;
   return GNUNET_YES;
 }
 
@@ -351,18 +392,18 @@ is_ready (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
 /**
  * Put a task that is ready for execution into the ready queue.
  *
- * @param handle the scheduler
  * @param task task ready for execution
  */
 static void
-queue_ready_task (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *handle, struct Task *task)
+queue_ready_task (struct Task *task)
 {
   enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority p = task->priority;
+
   if (0 != (task->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN))
     p = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_SHUTDOWN;
-  task->next = handle->ready[check_priority (p)];
-  handle->ready[check_priority (p)] = task;
-  handle->ready_count++;
+  task->next = ready[check_priority (p)];
+  ready[check_priority (p)] = task;
+  ready_count++;
 }
 
 
@@ -370,13 +411,11 @@ queue_ready_task (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *handle, struct Task *task)
  * Check which tasks are ready and move them
  * to the respective ready queue.
  *
- * @param handle the scheduler
  * @param rs FDs ready for reading
  * @param ws FDs ready for writing
  */
 static void
-check_ready (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *handle,
-             const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs,
+check_ready (const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs,
              const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws)
 {
   struct Task *pos;
@@ -386,28 +425,40 @@ check_ready (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *handle,
 
   now = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ();
   prev = NULL;
-  pos = handle->pending;
+  pos = pending_timeout;
   while (pos != NULL)
+  {
+    next = pos->next;
+    if (now.abs_value_us >= pos->timeout.abs_value_us)
+      pos->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_TIMEOUT;
+    if (0 == pos->reason)
+      break;
+    pending_timeout = next;
+    if (pending_timeout_last == pos)
+      pending_timeout_last = NULL;
+    queue_ready_task (pos);
+    pos = next;
+  }
+  pos = pending;
+  while (pos != NULL)
+  {
+    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+        "Checking readiness of task: %llu / %p\n",
+         pos->id, pos->callback_cls);
+    next = pos->next;
+    if (GNUNET_YES == is_ready (pos, now, rs, ws))
     {
-#if DEBUG_TASKS
-      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-                  "Checking readiness of task: %llu / %p\n",
-                  pos->id, pos->callback_cls);
-#endif
-      next = pos->next;
-      if (GNUNET_YES == is_ready (handle, pos, now, rs, ws))
-        {
-          if (prev == NULL)
-            handle->pending = next;
-          else
-            prev->next = next;
-          queue_ready_task (handle, pos);
-          pos = next;
-          continue;
-        }
-      prev = pos;
+      if (prev == NULL)
+        pending = next;
+      else
+        prev->next = next;
+      queue_ready_task (pos);
       pos = next;
+      continue;
     }
+    prev = pos;
+    pos = next;
+  }
 }
 
 
@@ -417,36 +468,43 @@ check_ready (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *handle,
  * cause all tasks to run (as soon as possible, respecting
  * priorities and prerequisite tasks).  Note that tasks
  * scheduled AFTER this call may still be delayed arbitrarily.
- *
- * @param sched the scheduler
  */
 void
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_shutdown (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_shutdown ()
 {
   struct Task *pos;
   int i;
 
-  pos = sched->pending;
+  pos = pending_timeout;
+  while (pos != NULL)
+  {
+    pos->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN;
+    /* we don't move the task into the ready queue yet; check_ready
+     * will do that later, possibly adding additional
+     * readiness-factors */
+    pos = pos->next;
+  }
+  pos = pending;
   while (pos != NULL)
+  {
+    pos->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN;
+    /* we don't move the task into the ready queue yet; check_ready
+     * will do that later, possibly adding additional
+     * readiness-factors */
+    pos = pos->next;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT; i++)
+  {
+    pos = ready[i];
+    while (pos != NULL)
     {
       pos->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN;
       /* we don't move the task into the ready queue yet; check_ready
-         will do that later, possibly adding additional
-         readiness-factors */
+       * will do that later, possibly adding additional
+       * readiness-factors */
       pos = pos->next;
     }
-  for (i=0;i<GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT;i++)
-    {
-      pos = sched->ready[i];
-      while (pos != NULL)
-       {
-         pos->reason |= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN;
-         /* we don't move the task into the ready queue yet; check_ready
-            will do that later, possibly adding additional
-            readiness-factors */
-         pos = pos->next;
-       }
-    }  
+  }
 }
 
 
@@ -474,59 +532,118 @@ destroy_task (struct Task *t)
  * empty.  Keep running tasks until we are either no longer running
  * "URGENT" tasks or until we have at least one "pending" task (which
  * may become ready, hence we should select on it).  Naturally, if
- * there are no more ready tasks, we also return.  
+ * there are no more ready tasks, we also return.
  *
- * @param sched the scheduler
+ * @param rs FDs ready for reading
+ * @param ws FDs ready for writing
  */
 static void
-run_ready (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched)
+run_ready (struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs, struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws)
 {
   enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority p;
   struct Task *pos;
   struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext tc;
 
+  max_priority_added = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP;
   do
+  {
+    if (ready_count == 0)
+      return;
+    GNUNET_assert (ready[GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP] == NULL);
+    /* yes, p>0 is correct, 0 is "KEEP" which should
+     * always be an empty queue (see assertion)! */
+    for (p = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT - 1; p > 0; p--)
     {
-      if (sched->ready_count == 0)
-        return;
-      GNUNET_assert (sched->ready[GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP] == NULL);
-      /* yes, p>0 is correct, 0 is "KEEP" which should
-         always be an empty queue (see assertion)! */
-      for (p = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT - 1; p > 0; p--)
-        {
-          pos = sched->ready[p];
-          if (pos != NULL)
-            break;
-        }
-      GNUNET_assert (pos != NULL);      /* ready_count wrong? */
-      sched->ready[p] = pos->next;
-      sched->ready_count--;
-      if (sched->current_priority != pos->priority)
-       {
-         sched->current_priority = pos->priority;
-         GNUNET_OS_set_process_priority (0, pos->priority);
-       }
-      sched->active_task = pos;
-      tc.sched = sched;
-      tc.reason = pos->reason;
-      tc.read_ready = pos->read_set;
-      tc.write_ready = pos->write_set;
-      pos->callback (pos->callback_cls, &tc);
-#if DEBUG_TASKS
-      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-                  "Running task: %llu / %p\n", pos->id, pos->callback_cls);
-#endif
-      sched->active_task = NULL;
-      destroy_task (pos);
-      sched->tasks_run++;
+      pos = ready[p];
+      if (pos != NULL)
+        break;
+    }
+    GNUNET_assert (pos != NULL);        /* ready_count wrong? */
+    ready[p] = pos->next;
+    ready_count--;
+    current_priority = pos->priority;
+    current_lifeness = pos->lifeness;
+    active_task = pos;
+#if PROFILE_DELAYS
+    if (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_duration (pos->start_time).rel_value_us >
+        DELAY_THRESHOLD.rel_value_us)
+    {
+      LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+          "Task %llu took %s to be scheduled\n",
+           (unsigned long long) pos->id,
+           GNUNET_STRINGS_relative_time_to_string (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_duration (pos->start_time), GNUNET_YES));
     }
-  while ((sched->pending == NULL) || (p == GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_URGENT));
+#endif
+    tc.reason = pos->reason;
+    tc.read_ready = (pos->read_set == NULL) ? rs : pos->read_set;
+    if ((pos->read_fd != -1) &&
+        (0 != (pos->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_READ_READY)))
+      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_set_native (rs, pos->read_fd);
+    tc.write_ready = (pos->write_set == NULL) ? ws : pos->write_set;
+    if ((pos->write_fd != -1) &&
+        (0 != (pos->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_WRITE_READY)))
+      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_set_native (ws, pos->write_fd);
+    if (((tc.reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_WRITE_READY) != 0) &&
+        (pos->write_fd != -1) &&
+        (!GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_test_native (ws, pos->write_fd)))
+      GNUNET_abort ();          // added to ready in previous select loop!
+    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+        "Running task: %llu / %p\n", pos->id,
+         pos->callback_cls);
+    pos->callback (pos->callback_cls, &tc);
+#if EXECINFO
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < pos->num_backtrace_strings; i++)
+      LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "Task %llu trace %d: %s\n", pos->id, i,
+           pos->backtrace_strings[i]);
+#endif
+    active_task = NULL;
+    destroy_task (pos);
+    tasks_run++;
+  }
+  while ((pending == NULL) || (p >= max_priority_added));
 }
 
 /**
  * Pipe used to communicate shutdown via signal.
  */
-static struct GNUNET_DISK_PipeHandle *sigpipe;
+static struct GNUNET_DISK_PipeHandle *shutdown_pipe_handle;
+
+/**
+ * Process ID of this process at the time we installed the various
+ * signal handlers.
+ */
+static pid_t my_pid;
+
+/**
+ * Signal handler called for SIGPIPE.
+ */
+#ifndef MINGW
+static void
+sighandler_pipe ()
+{
+  return;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/**
+ * Wait for a short time.
+ * Sleeps for @a ms ms (as that should be long enough for virtually all
+ * modern systems to context switch and allow another process to do
+ * some 'real' work).
+ *
+ * @param ms how many ms to wait
+ */
+static void
+short_wait (unsigned int ms)
+{
+  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout;
+
+  timeout = GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS, ms);
+  (void) GNUNET_NETWORK_socket_select (NULL, NULL, NULL, timeout);
+}
 
 
 /**
@@ -536,10 +653,44 @@ static void
 sighandler_shutdown ()
 {
   static char c;
+  int old_errno = errno;        /* backup errno */
 
+  if (getpid () != my_pid)
+    exit (1);                   /* we have fork'ed since the signal handler was created,
+                                 * ignore the signal, see https://gnunet.org/vfork discussion */
   GNUNET_DISK_file_write (GNUNET_DISK_pipe_handle
-                          (sigpipe, GNUNET_DISK_PIPE_END_WRITE), &c,
-                          sizeof (c));
+                          (shutdown_pipe_handle, GNUNET_DISK_PIPE_END_WRITE),
+                          &c, sizeof (c));
+  errno = old_errno;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Check if the system is still life. Trigger shutdown if we
+ * have tasks, but none of them give us lifeness.
+ *
+ * @return #GNUNET_OK to continue the main loop,
+ *         #GNUNET_NO to exit
+ */
+static int
+check_lifeness ()
+{
+  struct Task *t;
+
+  if (ready_count > 0)
+    return GNUNET_OK;
+  for (t = pending; NULL != t; t = t->next)
+    if (t->lifeness == GNUNET_YES)
+      return GNUNET_OK;
+  for (t = pending_timeout; NULL != t; t = t->next)
+    if (t->lifeness == GNUNET_YES)
+      return GNUNET_OK;
+  if ((NULL != pending) || (NULL != pending_timeout))
+  {
+    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_shutdown ();
+    return GNUNET_OK;
+  }
+  return GNUNET_NO;
 }
 
 
@@ -560,94 +711,122 @@ sighandler_shutdown ()
 void
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_run (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
-  struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle sched;
   struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs;
   struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws;
   struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout;
   int ret;
   struct GNUNET_SIGNAL_Context *shc_int;
   struct GNUNET_SIGNAL_Context *shc_term;
+
+#ifndef MINGW
   struct GNUNET_SIGNAL_Context *shc_quit;
   struct GNUNET_SIGNAL_Context *shc_hup;
+  struct GNUNET_SIGNAL_Context *shc_pipe;
+#endif
   unsigned long long last_tr;
   unsigned int busy_wait_warning;
   const struct GNUNET_DISK_FileHandle *pr;
   char c;
 
+  GNUNET_assert (active_task == NULL);
   rs = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
   ws = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
-  GNUNET_assert (sigpipe == NULL);
-  sigpipe = GNUNET_DISK_pipe (GNUNET_NO);
-  GNUNET_assert (sigpipe != NULL);
-  pr = GNUNET_DISK_pipe_handle (sigpipe, GNUNET_DISK_PIPE_END_READ);
+  GNUNET_assert (shutdown_pipe_handle == NULL);
+  shutdown_pipe_handle = GNUNET_DISK_pipe (GNUNET_NO, GNUNET_NO, GNUNET_NO, GNUNET_NO);
+  GNUNET_assert (shutdown_pipe_handle != NULL);
+  pr = GNUNET_DISK_pipe_handle (shutdown_pipe_handle,
+                                GNUNET_DISK_PIPE_END_READ);
   GNUNET_assert (pr != NULL);
+  my_pid = getpid ();
+  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Registering signal handlers\n");
   shc_int = GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_install (SIGINT, &sighandler_shutdown);
   shc_term = GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_install (SIGTERM, &sighandler_shutdown);
 #ifndef MINGW
+  shc_pipe = GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_install (SIGPIPE, &sighandler_pipe);
   shc_quit = GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_install (SIGQUIT, &sighandler_shutdown);
   shc_hup = GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_install (SIGHUP, &sighandler_shutdown);
 #endif
-  memset (&sched, 0, sizeof (sched));
-  sched.current_priority = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
-  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_continuation (&sched,
-                                     task,
-                                     task_cls,
+  current_priority = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
+  current_lifeness = GNUNET_YES;
+  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_continuation (task, task_cls,
                                      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_STARTUP);
+  active_task = (void *) (long) -1;     /* force passing of sanity check */
+  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now_with_lifeness (GNUNET_NO,
+                                          &GNUNET_OS_install_parent_control_handler,
+                                          NULL);
+  active_task = NULL;
   last_tr = 0;
   busy_wait_warning = 0;
-  while ((sched.pending != NULL) || (sched.ready_count > 0))
+  while (GNUNET_OK == check_lifeness ())
+  {
+    GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_zero (rs);
+    GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_zero (ws);
+    timeout = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL;
+    update_sets (rs, ws, &timeout);
+    GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_handle_set (rs, pr);
+    if (ready_count > 0)
     {
-      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_zero (rs);
-      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_zero (ws);
-      timeout = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL;
-      update_sets (&sched, rs, ws, &timeout);
-      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_handle_set (rs, pr);
-      if (sched.ready_count > 0)
-        {
-          /* no blocking, more work already ready! */
-          timeout = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO;
-        }
+      /* no blocking, more work already ready! */
+      timeout = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO;
+    }
+    if (NULL == scheduler_select)
       ret = GNUNET_NETWORK_socket_select (rs, ws, NULL, timeout);
-      if (ret == GNUNET_SYSERR)
-        {
-          if (errno == EINTR)
-            continue;
-          GNUNET_log_strerror (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "select");
-          break;
-        }
-      if (GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_handle_isset (rs, pr))
-        {
-          /* consume the signal */
-          GNUNET_DISK_file_read (pr, &c, sizeof (c));
-          /* mark all active tasks as ready due to shutdown */
-          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_shutdown (&sched);
-        }
-      if (last_tr == sched.tasks_run)
-        {
-          busy_wait_warning++;
-        }
-      else
-        {
-          last_tr = sched.tasks_run;
-          busy_wait_warning = 0;
-        }
-      if ((ret == 0) && (timeout.value == 0) && (busy_wait_warning > 16))
-        {
-          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                      _("Looks like we're busy waiting...\n"));
-          sleep (1);            /* mitigate */
-        }
-      check_ready (&sched, rs, ws);
-      run_ready (&sched);
+    else
+      ret = scheduler_select (scheduler_select_cls, rs, ws, NULL, timeout);
+    if (ret == GNUNET_SYSERR)
+    {
+      if (errno == EINTR)
+        continue;
+
+      LOG_STRERROR (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "select");
+#ifndef MINGW
+#if USE_LSOF
+      char lsof[512];
+
+      snprintf (lsof, sizeof (lsof), "lsof -p %d", getpid ());
+      (void) close (1);
+      (void) dup2 (2, 1);
+      if (0 != system (lsof))
+        LOG_STRERROR (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "system");
+#endif
+#endif
+      GNUNET_abort ();
+      break;
+    }
+    if ((0 == ret) && (0 == timeout.rel_value_us) && (busy_wait_warning > 16))
+    {
+      LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _("Looks like we're busy waiting...\n"));
+      short_wait (100);                /* mitigate */
+    }
+    check_ready (rs, ws);
+    run_ready (rs, ws);
+    if (GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_handle_isset (rs, pr))
+    {
+      /* consume the signal */
+      GNUNET_DISK_file_read (pr, &c, sizeof (c));
+      /* mark all active tasks as ready due to shutdown */
+      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_shutdown ();
     }
+    if (last_tr == tasks_run)
+    {
+      short_wait (1);
+      busy_wait_warning++;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      last_tr = tasks_run;
+      busy_wait_warning = 0;
+    }
+  }
   GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_uninstall (shc_int);
   GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_uninstall (shc_term);
 #ifndef MINGW
+  GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_uninstall (shc_pipe);
   GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_uninstall (shc_quit);
   GNUNET_SIGNAL_handler_uninstall (shc_hup);
 #endif
-  GNUNET_DISK_pipe_close (sigpipe);
-  sigpipe = NULL;
+  GNUNET_DISK_pipe_close (shutdown_pipe_handle);
+  shutdown_pipe_handle = NULL;
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_destroy (rs);
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_destroy (ws);
 }
@@ -655,16 +834,16 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_run (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 
 /**
  * Obtain the reason code for why the current task was
- * started.  Will return the same value as 
+ * started.  Will return the same value as
  * the GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext's reason field.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to query
  * @return reason(s) why the current task is run
  */
 enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Reason
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_get_reason (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_get_reason ()
 {
-  return sched->active_task->reason;
+  GNUNET_assert (active_task != NULL);
+  return active_task->reason;
 }
 
 
@@ -674,28 +853,27 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_get_reason (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched)
  * dropped (if the decision should be made based on the number of
  * tasks ready to run).
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to query
  * @param p priority level to look at
  * @return number of tasks pending right now
  */
 unsigned int
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_get_load (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-                           enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority p)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_get_load (enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority p)
 {
   struct Task *pos;
   unsigned int ret;
 
+  GNUNET_assert (active_task != NULL);
   if (p == GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT)
-    return sched->ready_count;
+    return ready_count;
   if (p == GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP)
-    p = sched->current_priority;
+    p = current_priority;
   ret = 0;
-  pos = sched->ready[p];
+  pos = ready[check_priority (p)];
   while (pos != NULL)
-    {
-      pos = pos->next;
-      ret++;
-    }
+  {
+    pos = pos->next;
+    ret++;
+  }
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -704,60 +882,92 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_get_load (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
  * Cancel the task with the specified identifier.
  * The task must not yet have run.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
  * @param task id of the task to cancel
  * @return original closure of the task
  */
 void *
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-                         GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier task)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier task)
 {
   struct Task *t;
   struct Task *prev;
   enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority p;
+  int to;
   void *ret;
 
+  GNUNET_assert (active_task != NULL);
+  to = 0;
   prev = NULL;
-  t = sched->pending;
+  t = pending;
   while (t != NULL)
+  {
+    if (t->id == task)
+      break;
+    prev = t;
+    t = t->next;
+  }
+  if (t == NULL)
+  {
+    prev = NULL;
+    to = 1;
+    t = pending_timeout;
+    while (t != NULL)
     {
       if (t->id == task)
         break;
       prev = t;
       t = t->next;
     }
+    if (pending_timeout_last == t)
+      pending_timeout_last = NULL;
+  }
   p = 0;
   while (t == NULL)
+  {
+    p++;
+    if (p >= GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT)
     {
-      p++;
-      GNUNET_assert (p < GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_COUNT);
-      prev = NULL;
-      t = sched->ready[p];
-      while (t != NULL)
-        {
-          if (t->id == task)
-            {
-              sched->ready_count--;
-              break;
-            }
-          prev = t;
-          t = t->next;
-        }
+      LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, _("Attempt to cancel dead task %llu!\n"),
+           (unsigned long long) task);
+      GNUNET_assert (0);
     }
+    prev = NULL;
+    t = ready[p];
+    while (t != NULL)
+    {
+      if (t->id == task)
+      {
+        ready_count--;
+        break;
+      }
+      prev = t;
+      t = t->next;
+    }
+  }
   if (prev == NULL)
+  {
+    if (p == 0)
     {
-      if (p == 0)
-        sched->pending = t->next;
+      if (to == 0)
+      {
+        pending = t->next;
+      }
       else
-        sched->ready[p] = t->next;
+      {
+        pending_timeout = t->next;
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ready[p] = t->next;
     }
+  }
   else
+  {
     prev->next = t->next;
+  }
   ret = t->callback_cls;
-#if DEBUG_TASKS
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-              "Canceling task: %llu / %p\n", task, t->callback_cls);
-#endif
+  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Canceling task: %llu / %p\n", task,
+       t->callback_cls);
   destroy_task (t);
   return ret;
 }
@@ -768,103 +978,180 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
  * similar to the other "add" functions except that there is no delay
  * and the reason code can be specified.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
  * @param task main function of the task
  * @param task_cls closure for 'main'
  * @param reason reason for task invocation
+ * @param priority priority to use for the task
  */
 void
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_continuation (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-                                   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task,
-                                   void *task_cls,
-                                   enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Reason reason)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_continuation_with_priority (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls,
+                                                enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Reason reason,
+                                                enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority priority)
 {
   struct Task *t;
+
 #if EXECINFO
   void *backtrace_array[50];
 #endif
+
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != task);
+  GNUNET_assert ((active_task != NULL) ||
+                 (reason == GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_STARTUP));
   t = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct Task));
 #if EXECINFO
-  t->num_backtrace_strings = backtrace(backtrace_array, 50);
-  t->backtrace_strings = backtrace_symbols(backtrace_array, t->num_backtrace_strings);
+  t->num_backtrace_strings = backtrace (backtrace_array, 50);
+  t->backtrace_strings =
+      backtrace_symbols (backtrace_array, t->num_backtrace_strings);
 #endif
+  t->read_fd = -1;
+  t->write_fd = -1;
   t->callback = task;
   t->callback_cls = task_cls;
-  t->id = ++sched->last_id;
-  t->reason = reason;
-  t->priority = sched->current_priority;
-#if DEBUG_TASKS
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-              "Adding continuation task: %llu / %p\n",
-              t->id, t->callback_cls);
+  t->id = ++last_id;
+#if PROFILE_DELAYS
+  t->start_time = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ();
 #endif
-  queue_ready_task (sched, t);
+  t->reason = reason;
+  t->priority = priority;
+  t->lifeness = current_lifeness;
+  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Adding continuation task: %llu / %p\n", t->id,
+       t->callback_cls);
+  queue_ready_task (t);
 }
 
 
+/**
+ * Continue the current execution with the given function.  This is
+ * similar to the other "add" functions except that there is no delay
+ * and the reason code can be specified.
+ *
+ * @param task main function of the task
+ * @param task_cls closure for 'main'
+ * @param reason reason for task invocation
+ */
+void
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_continuation (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls,
+                                   enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Reason reason)
+{
+  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_continuation_with_priority (task, task_cls,
+                                                  reason,
+                                                  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT);
+}
+
 
 /**
- * Schedule a new task to be run after the specified prerequisite task
- * has completed. It will be run with the priority of the calling
- * task.
+ * Schedule a new task to be run with a specified priority.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
- * @param prerequisite_task run this task after the task with the given
- *        task identifier completes (and any of our other
- *        conditions, such as delay, read or write-readiness
- *        are satisfied).  Use  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK to not have any dependency
- *        on completion of other tasks (this will cause the task to run as
- *        soon as possible).
+ * @param prio how important is the new task?
  * @param task main function of the task
  * @param task_cls closure of task
  * @return unique task identifier for the job
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_after (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-                            GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier prerequisite_task,
-                            GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_with_priority (enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority prio,
+                                    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
-  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP,
-                                      prerequisite_task,
-                                      GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO,
-                                      NULL, NULL, task, task_cls);
+  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (prio,
+                                      GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO, NULL, NULL, task,
+                                      task_cls);
 }
 
 
+
 /**
- * Schedule a new task to be run with a specified priority.
+ * Schedule a new task to be run with a specified delay.  The task
+ * will be scheduled for execution once the delay has expired.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
- * @param prio how important is the new task?
+ * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use
+ *        GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "on shutdown"
+ * @param priority priority to use for the task
  * @param task main function of the task
  * @param task_cls closure of task
  * @return unique task identifier for the job
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_with_priority (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
-                                    enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority prio,
-                                    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task,
-                                    void *task_cls)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed_with_priority (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+                                           enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority priority,
+                                           GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
-  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                      prio,
-                                      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK,
-                                      GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO,
-                                      NULL, NULL, task, task_cls);
-}
+  struct Task *t;
+  struct Task *pos;
+  struct Task *prev;
 
+#if EXECINFO
+  void *backtrace_array[MAX_TRACE_DEPTH];
+#endif
+
+  GNUNET_assert (active_task != NULL);
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != task);
+  t = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct Task));
+  t->callback = task;
+  t->callback_cls = task_cls;
+#if EXECINFO
+  t->num_backtrace_strings = backtrace (backtrace_array, MAX_TRACE_DEPTH);
+  t->backtrace_strings =
+      backtrace_symbols (backtrace_array, t->num_backtrace_strings);
+#endif
+  t->read_fd = -1;
+  t->write_fd = -1;
+  t->id = ++last_id;
+#if PROFILE_DELAYS
+  t->start_time = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ();
+#endif
+  t->timeout = GNUNET_TIME_relative_to_absolute (delay);
+  t->priority = priority;
+  t->lifeness = current_lifeness;
+  /* try tail first (optimization in case we are
+   * appending to a long list of tasks with timeouts) */
+  prev = pending_timeout_last;
+  if (prev != NULL)
+  {
+    if (prev->timeout.abs_value_us > t->timeout.abs_value_us)
+      prev = NULL;
+    else
+      pos = prev->next;         /* heuristic success! */
+  }
+  if (prev == NULL)
+  {
+    /* heuristic failed, do traversal of timeout list */
+    pos = pending_timeout;
+  }
+  while ((pos != NULL) &&
+         ((pos->timeout.abs_value_us <= t->timeout.abs_value_us) ||
+          (0 != pos->reason)))
+  {
+    prev = pos;
+    pos = pos->next;
+  }
+  if (prev == NULL)
+    pending_timeout = t;
+  else
+    prev->next = t;
+  t->next = pos;
+  /* hyper-optimization... */
+  pending_timeout_last = t;
+
+  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Adding task: %llu / %p\n", t->id,
+       t->callback_cls);
+#if EXECINFO
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < t->num_backtrace_strings; i++)
+    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Task %llu trace %d: %s\n", t->id, i,
+         t->backtrace_strings[i]);
+#endif
+  return t->id;
+}
 
 
 /**
  * Schedule a new task to be run with a specified delay.  The task
  * will be scheduled for execution once the delay has expired. It
- * will be run with the priority of the calling task.
+ * will be run with the DEFAULT priority.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
- * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use 
+ * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use
  *        GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "on shutdown"
  * @param task main function of the task
  * @param task_cls closure of task
@@ -872,39 +1159,177 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_with_priority (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
-                              struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
                               GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
-  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP,
-                                      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK, delay,
-                                      NULL, NULL, task, task_cls);
+  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed_with_priority (delay,
+                                                    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                                                    task, task_cls);
 }
 
 
+/**
+ * Schedule a new task to be run as soon as possible.  Note that this
+ * does not guarantee that this will be the next task that is being
+ * run, as other tasks with higher priority (or that are already ready
+ * to run) might get to run first.  Just as with delays, clients must
+ * not rely on any particular order of execution between tasks
+ * scheduled concurrently.
+ *
+ * The task will be run with the DEFAULT priority.
+ *
+ * @param task main function of the task
+ * @param task_cls closure of @a task
+ * @return unique task identifier for the job
+ *         only valid until "task" is started!
+ */
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
+{
+  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO, task, task_cls);
+}
+
 
 /**
- * Schedule a new task to be run as soon as possible. The task
- * will be run with the priority of the calling task.
+ * Schedule a new task to be run as soon as possible with the
+ * (transitive) ignore-shutdown flag either explicitly set or
+ * explicitly enabled.  This task (and all tasks created from it,
+ * other than by another call to this function) will either count or
+ * not count for the 'lifeness' of the process.  This API is only
+ * useful in a few special cases.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
+ * @param lifeness GNUNET_YES if the task counts for lifeness, GNUNET_NO if not.
  * @param task main function of the task
  * @param task_cls closure of task
  * @return unique task identifier for the job
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
-                         GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task,
-                         void *task_cls)
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now_with_lifeness (int lifeness,
+                                        GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task,
+                                        void *task_cls)
+{
+  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier ret;
+
+  ret =
+      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                                   GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO, NULL, NULL, task,
+                                   task_cls);
+  GNUNET_assert (pending->id == ret);
+  pending->lifeness = lifeness;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Schedule a new task to be run with a specified delay or when any of
+ * the specified file descriptor sets is ready.  The delay can be used
+ * as a timeout on the socket(s) being ready.  The task will be
+ * scheduled for execution once either the delay has expired or any of
+ * the socket operations is ready.  This is the most general
+ * function of the "add" family.  Note that the "prerequisite_task"
+ * must be satisfied in addition to any of the other conditions.  In
+ * other words, the task will be started when
+ * <code>
+ * (prerequisite-run)
+ * && (delay-ready
+ *     || any-rs-ready
+ *     || any-ws-ready
+ *     || shutdown-active )
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * @param delay how long should we wait? Use GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "forever",
+ *        which means that the task will only be run after we receive SIGTERM
+ * @param priority priority to use
+ * @param rfd file descriptor we want to read (can be -1)
+ * @param wfd file descriptors we want to write (can be -1)
+ * @param task main function of the task
+ * @param task_cls closure of task
+ * @return unique task identifier for the job
+ *         only valid until "task" is started!
+ */
+#ifndef MINGW
+static GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
+add_without_sets (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+                 enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority priority,
+                 int rfd, int wfd,
+                  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
-  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP,
-                                      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK,
-                                     GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO,
-                                      NULL, NULL, task, task_cls);
+  struct Task *t;
+
+#if EXECINFO
+  void *backtrace_array[MAX_TRACE_DEPTH];
+#endif
+
+  GNUNET_assert (active_task != NULL);
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != task);
+  t = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct Task));
+  t->callback = task;
+  t->callback_cls = task_cls;
+#if EXECINFO
+  t->num_backtrace_strings = backtrace (backtrace_array, MAX_TRACE_DEPTH);
+  t->backtrace_strings =
+      backtrace_symbols (backtrace_array, t->num_backtrace_strings);
+#endif
+#if DEBUG_FDS
+  if (-1 != rfd)
+  {
+    int flags = fcntl (rfd, F_GETFD);
+
+    if ((flags == -1) && (errno == EBADF))
+    {
+      LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "Got invalid file descriptor %d!\n", rfd);
+#if EXECINFO
+      int i;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < t->num_backtrace_strings; i++)
+        LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Trace: %s\n", t->backtrace_strings[i]);
+#endif
+      GNUNET_assert (0);
+    }
+  }
+  if (-1 != wfd)
+  {
+    int flags = fcntl (wfd, F_GETFD);
+
+    if (flags == -1 && errno == EBADF)
+    {
+      LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "Got invalid file descriptor %d!\n", wfd);
+#if EXECINFO
+      int i;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < t->num_backtrace_strings; i++)
+        LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Trace: %s\n", t->backtrace_strings[i]);
+#endif
+      GNUNET_assert (0);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  t->read_fd = rfd;
+  GNUNET_assert (wfd >= -1);
+  t->write_fd = wfd;
+  t->id = ++last_id;
+#if PROFILE_DELAYS
+  t->start_time = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ();
+#endif
+  t->timeout = GNUNET_TIME_relative_to_absolute (delay);
+  t->priority = check_priority ((priority == GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP) ? current_priority : priority);
+  t->lifeness = current_lifeness;
+  t->next = pending;
+  pending = t;
+  max_priority_added = GNUNET_MAX (max_priority_added, t->priority);
+  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Adding task: %llu / %p\n", t->id,
+       t->callback_cls);
+#if EXECINFO
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < t->num_backtrace_strings; i++)
+    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Task %llu trace %d: %s\n", t->id, i,
+         t->backtrace_strings[i]);
+#endif
+  return t->id;
 }
+#endif
 
 
 
@@ -913,11 +1338,9 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
  * specified file descriptor is ready for reading.  The delay can be
  * used as a timeout on the socket being ready.  The task will be
  * scheduled for execution once either the delay has expired or the
- * socket operation is ready.  It will be run with the priority of
- * the calling task.
+ * socket operation is ready.  It will be run with the DEFAULT priority.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
- * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use 
+ * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use
  *        GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "on shutdown"
  * @param rfd read file-descriptor
  * @param task main function of the task
@@ -926,26 +1349,62 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle *sched,
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_net (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
-                               struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
-                               struct GNUNET_NETWORK_Handle * rfd,
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_net (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+                               struct GNUNET_NETWORK_Handle *rfd,
                                GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
+  return GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_net_with_priority (delay,
+                                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                                                     rfd, task, task_cls);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Schedule a new task to be run with a specified priority and to be
+ * run after the specified delay or when the specified file descriptor
+ * is ready for reading.  The delay can be used as a timeout on the
+ * socket being ready.  The task will be scheduled for execution once
+ * either the delay has expired or the socket operation is ready.  It
+ * will be run with the DEFAULT priority.
+ *
+ * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use
+ *        GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "on shutdown"
+ * @param priority priority to use for the task
+ * @param rfd read file-descriptor
+ * @param task main function of the task
+ * @param task_cls closure of task
+ * @return unique task identifier for the job
+ *         only valid until "task" is started!
+ */
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_net_with_priority (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+                                            enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority priority,
+                                            struct GNUNET_NETWORK_Handle *rfd,
+                                            GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
+{
+#if MINGW
   struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs;
   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier ret;
 
   GNUNET_assert (rfd != NULL);
   rs = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_set (rs, rfd);
-  ret = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK,
-                                     delay, rs, NULL, task, task_cls);
+  ret =
+    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (priority,
+                                delay, rs, NULL,
+                                task, task_cls);
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_destroy (rs);
   return ret;
+#else
+  return add_without_sets (delay,
+                          priority,
+                          GNUNET_NETWORK_get_fd (rfd), -1, task,
+                           task_cls);
+#endif
 }
 
 
+
 /**
  * Schedule a new task to be run with a specified delay or when the
  * specified file descriptor is ready for writing.  The delay can be
@@ -954,8 +1413,7 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_net (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  * socket operation is ready.  It will be run with the priority of
  * the calling task.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
- * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use 
+ * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use
  *        GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "on shutdown"
  * @param wfd write file-descriptor
  * @param task main function of the task
@@ -964,23 +1422,30 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_net (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_net (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
-                                struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
-                                struct GNUNET_NETWORK_Handle * wfd,
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_net (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+                                struct GNUNET_NETWORK_Handle *wfd,
                                 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
+#if MINGW
   struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws;
   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier ret;
 
   GNUNET_assert (wfd != NULL);
   ws = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_set (ws, wfd);
-  ret = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK, delay,
-                                     NULL, ws, task, task_cls);
+  ret =
+    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                                delay, NULL, ws,
+                                   task, task_cls);
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_destroy (ws);
   return ret;
+#else
+  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_NETWORK_get_fd (wfd) >= 0);
+  return add_without_sets (delay,
+                          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                          -1, GNUNET_NETWORK_get_fd (wfd), task,
+                           task_cls);
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -989,11 +1454,9 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_net (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  * specified file descriptor is ready for reading.  The delay can be
  * used as a timeout on the socket being ready.  The task will be
  * scheduled for execution once either the delay has expired or the
- * socket operation is ready. It will be run with the priority of
- * the calling task.
+ * socket operation is ready. It will be run with the DEFAULT priority.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
- * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use 
+ * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use
  *        GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "on shutdown"
  * @param rfd read file-descriptor
  * @param task main function of the task
@@ -1002,23 +1465,32 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_net (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_file (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
-                                struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
-                                const struct GNUNET_DISK_FileHandle * rfd,
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_file (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+                                const struct GNUNET_DISK_FileHandle *rfd,
                                 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
+#if MINGW
   struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs;
   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier ret;
 
   GNUNET_assert (rfd != NULL);
   rs = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_handle_set (rs, rfd);
-  ret = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK, delay,
-                                     rs, NULL, task, task_cls);
+  ret =
+      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                                   delay, rs, NULL,
+                                   task, task_cls);
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_destroy (rs);
   return ret;
+#else
+  int fd;
+
+  GNUNET_DISK_internal_file_handle_ (rfd, &fd, sizeof (int));
+  return add_without_sets (delay,
+                          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                          fd, -1, task, task_cls);
+
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -1027,11 +1499,9 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_file (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  * specified file descriptor is ready for writing.  The delay can be
  * used as a timeout on the socket being ready.  The task will be
  * scheduled for execution once either the delay has expired or the
- * socket operation is ready. It will be run with the priority of
- * the calling task.
+ * socket operation is ready. It will be run with the DEFAULT priority.
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
- * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use 
+ * @param delay when should this operation time out? Use
  *        GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "on shutdown"
  * @param wfd write file-descriptor
  * @param task main function of the task
@@ -1040,23 +1510,33 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_read_file (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_file (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
-                                 struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
-                                 const struct GNUNET_DISK_FileHandle * wfd,
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_file (struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
+                                 const struct GNUNET_DISK_FileHandle *wfd,
                                  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
+#if MINGW
   struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws;
   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier ret;
 
   GNUNET_assert (wfd != NULL);
   ws = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_handle_set (ws, wfd);
-  ret = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (sched,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP,
-                                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK,
-                                     delay, NULL, ws, task, task_cls);
+  ret =
+      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                                   delay, NULL, ws,
+                                   task, task_cls);
   GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_destroy (ws);
   return ret;
+#else
+  int fd;
+
+  GNUNET_DISK_internal_file_handle_ (wfd, &fd, sizeof (int));
+  GNUNET_assert (fd >= 0);
+  return add_without_sets (delay,
+                          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
+                          -1, fd, task, task_cls);
+
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -1078,13 +1558,7 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_file (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  *     || (shutdown-active && run-on-shutdown) )
  * </code>
  *
- * @param sched scheduler to use
  * @param prio how important is this task?
- * @param prerequisite_task run this task after the task with the given
- *        task identifier completes (and any of our other
- *        conditions, such as delay, read or write-readiness
- *        are satisfied).  Use GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK to not have any dependency
- *        on completion of other tasks.
  * @param delay how long should we wait? Use GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL for "forever",
  *        which means that the task will only be run after we receive SIGTERM
  * @param rs set of file descriptors we want to read (can be NULL)
@@ -1095,50 +1569,61 @@ GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_write_file (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
  *         only valid until "task" is started!
  */
 GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Handle * sched,
-                             enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority prio,
-                             GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier
-                             prerequisite_task,
+GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_select (enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority prio,
                              struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delay,
-                             const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet * rs,
-                             const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet * ws,
+                             const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *rs,
+                             const struct GNUNET_NETWORK_FDSet *ws,
                              GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task task, void *task_cls)
 {
   struct Task *t;
+
 #if EXECINFO
   void *backtrace_array[MAX_TRACE_DEPTH];
 #endif
 
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != active_task);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != task);
   t = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct Task));
   t->callback = task;
   t->callback_cls = task_cls;
 #if EXECINFO
-  t->num_backtrace_strings = backtrace(backtrace_array, MAX_TRACE_DEPTH);
-  t->backtrace_strings = backtrace_symbols(backtrace_array, t->num_backtrace_strings);
+  t->num_backtrace_strings = backtrace (backtrace_array, MAX_TRACE_DEPTH);
+  t->backtrace_strings =
+      backtrace_symbols (backtrace_array, t->num_backtrace_strings);
 #endif
+  t->read_fd = -1;
+  t->write_fd = -1;
   if (rs != NULL)
-    {
-      t->read_set = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
-      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_copy (t->read_set, rs);
-    }
+  {
+    t->read_set = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
+    GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_copy (t->read_set, rs);
+  }
   if (ws != NULL)
-    {
-      t->write_set = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
-      GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_copy (t->write_set, ws);
-    }
-  t->id = ++sched->last_id;
-  t->prereq_id = prerequisite_task;
+  {
+    t->write_set = GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_create ();
+    GNUNET_NETWORK_fdset_copy (t->write_set, ws);
+  }
+  t->id = ++last_id;
+#if PROFILE_DELAYS
+  t->start_time = GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ();
+#endif
   t->timeout = GNUNET_TIME_relative_to_absolute (delay);
   t->priority =
-    check_priority ((prio ==
-                     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP) ? sched->current_priority
-                    : prio);
-  t->next = sched->pending;
-  sched->pending = t;
-#if DEBUG_TASKS
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-              "Adding task: %llu / %p\n", t->id, t->callback_cls);
+      check_priority ((prio ==
+                       GNUNET_SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_KEEP) ? current_priority :
+                      prio);
+  t->lifeness = current_lifeness;
+  t->next = pending;
+  pending = t;
+  max_priority_added = GNUNET_MAX (max_priority_added, t->priority);
+  LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Adding task: %llu / %p\n", t->id,
+       t->callback_cls);
+#if EXECINFO
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < t->num_backtrace_strings; i++)
+    LOG (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Task %llu trace %d: %s\n", t->id, i,
+         t->backtrace_strings[i]);
 #endif
   return t->id;
 }