small API change: do no longer pass rarely needed GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext to...
[oweals/gnunet.git] / src / gns / gnunet-service-gns_resolver.c
index e501fa3cb04c59fdbcc4410d453ea0de1d0e8fdf..daae46ab7caa3291bc56acf203d0e44817baac2f 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
      This file is part of GNUnet.
-     (C) 2011-2013 Christian Grothoff (and other contributing authors)
+     Copyright (C) 2011-2013 GNUnet e.V.
 
      GNUnet is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
 
      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
      along with GNUnet; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
-     Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-     Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+     Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+     Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 */
 
 /**
  * @file gns/gnunet-service-gns_resolver.c
- * @brief GNUnet GNS resolver logic
+ * @brief GNU Name System resolver logic
  * @author Martin Schanzenbach
  * @author Christian Grothoff
- *
- * TODO:
- * - GNS: handle special SRV names --- no delegation, direct lookup;
- *        can likely be done in 'resolver_lookup_get_next_label'.
- * - GNS: expand ".+" in returned values to the respective absolute
- *        name using '.zkey'
- * - shortening triggers
- * - revocation checks (make optional: privacy!)
- * - DNAME support
- *
- * Issues:
- * - We currently go to the DHT simply if we find no local reply; this
- *   is incorrect; the correct rules for going to DHT are:
- *
- * 1. The entry in the DHT is RSL_RECORD_EXPIRED OR
- * 2. No entry in the NS existed AND
- * 3. The zone queried is not the local resolver's zone AND
- * 4. The name that was looked up is '+'
- *    because if it was any other canonical name we either already queried
- *    the DHT for the authority in the authority lookup phase (and thus
- *    would already have an entry in the NS for the record)
- * 5. We are not in cache only mode
- *
- * - We currently never look "into" the records; for example,
- *   MX, SRV and SOA records may include ".+" that need to be
- *   handled
- *
  */
 #include "platform.h"
 #include "gnunet_util_lib.h"
 #include "gnunet_dnsstub_lib.h"
 #include "gnunet_dht_service.h"
+#include "gnunet_gnsrecord_lib.h"
+#include "gnunet_namecache_service.h"
 #include "gnunet_namestore_service.h"
 #include "gnunet_dns_service.h"
 #include "gnunet_resolver_service.h"
+#include "gnunet_revocation_service.h"
 #include "gnunet_dnsparser_lib.h"
+#include "gnunet_tun_lib.h"
 #include "gnunet_gns_service.h"
 #include "gns.h"
 #include "gnunet-service-gns_resolver.h"
@@ -74,7 +51,7 @@
 /**
  * Default timeout for DNS lookups.
  */
-#define DNS_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_SECONDS, 5)
+#define DNS_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_SECONDS, 15)
 
 /**
  * Default timeout for VPN redirections.
@@ -114,10 +91,20 @@ struct AuthorityChain
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh;
 
   /**
-   * label/name corresponding to the authority 
+   * label/name corresponding to the authority
    */
   char *label;
-  
+
+  /**
+   * label/name suggested for shortening to the authority
+   */
+  char *suggested_shortening_label;
+
+  /**
+   * Do we already try to shorten this authority?
+   */
+  int shortening_started;
+
   /**
    * #GNUNET_YES if the authority was a GNS authority,
    * #GNUNET_NO if the authority was a DNS authority.
@@ -131,9 +118,9 @@ struct AuthorityChain
   {
 
     /**
-     * The zone of the GNS authority 
+     * The zone of the GNS authority
      */
-    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey gns_authority;
+    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey gns_authority;
 
     struct
     {
@@ -154,7 +141,7 @@ struct AuthorityChain
     } dns_authority;
 
   } authority_info;
-  
+
 };
 
 
@@ -181,12 +168,12 @@ struct DnsResult
 
   /**
    * Expiration time for the DNS record, 0 if we didn't
-   * get anything useful (i.e. 'gethostbyname' was used).
+   * get anything useful (i.e. 'gethostbyname()' was used).
    */
   uint64_t expiration_time;
 
   /**
-   * Number of bytes in 'data'.
+   * Number of bytes in @e data.
    */
   size_t data_size;
 
@@ -201,10 +188,10 @@ struct DnsResult
 /**
  * Closure for #vpn_allocation_cb.
  */
-struct VpnContext 
+struct VpnContext
 {
 
-  /** 
+  /**
    * Which resolution process are we processing.
    */
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh;
@@ -215,56 +202,86 @@ struct VpnContext
   struct GNUNET_VPN_RedirectionRequest *vpn_request;
 
   /**
-   * Number of records serialized in 'rd_data'.
+   * Number of records serialized in @e rd_data.
    */
   unsigned int rd_count;
-  
+
   /**
    * Serialized records.
    */
   char *rd_data;
-  
+
   /**
-   * Number of bytes in 'rd_data'.
+   * Number of bytes in @e rd_data.
    */
   size_t rd_data_size;
 };
 
 
+/**
+ * Information we keep during the resolution of an
+ * IP address for a DNS server while handling a
+ * GNS2DNS record.
+ */
+struct Gns2DnsContext
+{
+
+  /**
+   * DNS domain in which the resolution will continue
+   * (first part of the GNS2DNS record).
+   */
+  char *ns;
+
+  /**
+   * Handle for the resolution of the IP part of the
+   * GNS2DNS record.  Will return to us the addresses
+   * of the DNS resolver to use.
+   */
+  struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh;
+
+};
+
+
 /**
  * Handle to a currenty pending resolution.  On result (positive or
- * negative) the #GNS_ResultProcessor is called.  
+ * negative) the #GNS_ResultProcessor is called.
  */
 struct GNS_ResolverHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * DLL 
+   * DLL
    */
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *next;
 
   /**
-   * DLL 
+   * DLL
    */
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *prev;
 
   /**
-   * The top-level GNS authoritative zone to query 
+   * The top-level GNS authoritative zone to query
    */
-  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey authority_zone;
+  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey authority_zone;
 
   /**
-   * called when resolution phase finishes 
+   * called when resolution phase finishes
    */
   GNS_ResultProcessor proc;
-  
+
   /**
-   * closure passed to proc 
+   * closure passed to @e proc
    */
   void* proc_cls;
 
   /**
-   * Handle for DHT lookups. should be NULL if no lookups are in progress 
+   * Handle used during GNS2DNS resolution for looking up the
+   * IP address of the DNS server.
+   */
+  struct Gns2DnsContext *g2dc;
+
+  /**
+   * Handle for DHT lookups. should be NULL if no lookups are in progress
    */
   struct GNUNET_DHT_GetHandle *get_handle;
 
@@ -284,9 +301,14 @@ struct GNS_ResolverHandle
   struct GNUNET_RESOLVER_RequestHandle *std_resolve;
 
   /**
-   * Pending Namestore task
+   * Pending Namecache lookup task
+   */
+  struct GNUNET_NAMECACHE_QueueEntry *namecache_qe;
+
+  /**
+   * Pending revocation check.
    */
-  struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_QueueEntry *namestore_qe;
+  struct GNUNET_REVOCATION_Query *rev_check;
 
   /**
    * Heap node associated with this lookup.  Used to limit number of
@@ -295,27 +317,27 @@ struct GNS_ResolverHandle
   struct GNUNET_CONTAINER_HeapNode *dht_heap_node;
 
   /**
-   * DLL to store the authority chain 
+   * DLL to store the authority chain
    */
   struct AuthorityChain *ac_head;
 
   /**
-   * DLL to store the authority chain 
+   * DLL to store the authority chain
    */
   struct AuthorityChain *ac_tail;
 
   /**
    * Private key of the shorten zone, NULL to not shorten.
    */
-  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPrivateKey *shorten_key;
+  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *shorten_key;
 
   /**
    * ID of a task associated with the resolution process.
    */
-  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier task_id;
+  struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task * task_id;
 
   /**
-   * The name to resolve 
+   * The name to resolve
    */
   char *name;
 
@@ -335,9 +357,21 @@ struct GNS_ResolverHandle
   size_t name_resolution_pos;
 
   /**
-   * Use only cache 
+   * Use only cache
    */
-  int only_cached;
+  enum GNUNET_GNS_LocalOptions options;
+
+  /**
+   * For SRV and TLSA records, the number of the
+   * protocol specified in the name.  0 if no protocol was given.
+   */
+  int protocol;
+
+  /**
+   * For SRV and TLSA records, the number of the
+   * service specified in the name.  0 if no service was given.
+   */
+  int service;
 
   /**
    * Desired type for the resolution.
@@ -346,7 +380,7 @@ struct GNS_ResolverHandle
 
   /**
    * We increment the loop limiter for each step in a recursive
-   * resolution.  If it passes our threshold (i.e. due to 
+   * resolution.  If it passes our threshold (i.e. due to
    * self-recursion in the resolution, i.e CNAME fun), we stop.
    */
   unsigned int loop_limiter;
@@ -355,9 +389,33 @@ struct GNS_ResolverHandle
 
 
 /**
- * Our handle to the namestore service
+ * Active namestore caching operations.
  */
-static struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_Handle *namestore_handle;
+struct CacheOps
+{
+
+  /**
+   * Organized in a DLL.
+   */
+  struct CacheOps *next;
+
+  /**
+   * Organized in a DLL.
+   */
+  struct CacheOps *prev;
+
+  /**
+   * Pending Namestore caching task.
+   */
+  struct GNUNET_NAMECACHE_QueueEntry *namecache_qe_cache;
+
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Our handle to the namecache service
+ */
+static struct GNUNET_NAMECACHE_Handle *namecache_handle;
 
 /**
  * Our handle to the vpn service
@@ -395,39 +453,24 @@ static struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rlh_head;
 static struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rlh_tail;
 
 /**
- * Global configuration.
+ * Organized in a DLL.
  */
-static const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg;
+static struct CacheOps *co_head;
 
+/**
+ * Organized in a DLL.
+ */
+static struct CacheOps *co_tail;
 
 /**
- * Check if name is in srv format (_x._y.xxx)
- *
- * @param name
- * @return GNUNET_YES if true
+ * Use namecache
  */
-static int
-is_srv (const char *name)
-{
-  char *ndup;
-  int ret;
+static int use_cache;
 
-  if (*name != '_')
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  if (NULL == strstr (name, "._"))
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  ret = GNUNET_YES;
-  ndup = GNUNET_strdup (name);
-  strtok (ndup, ".");
-  if (NULL == strtok (NULL, "."))
-    ret = GNUNET_NO;
-  if (NULL == strtok (NULL, "."))
-    ret = GNUNET_NO;
-  if (NULL != strtok (NULL, "."))
-    ret = GNUNET_NO;
-  GNUNET_free (ndup);
-  return ret;
-}
+/**
+ * Global configuration.
+ */
+static const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg;
 
 
 /**
@@ -443,7 +486,7 @@ is_srv (const char *name)
  * _f.bar    = not canonical
  *
  * @param name the name to test
- * @return GNUNET_YES if canonical
+ * @return #GNUNET_YES if canonical
  */
 static int
 is_canonical (const char *name)
@@ -456,7 +499,7 @@ is_canonical (const char *name)
   if ('_' != name[0])
     return GNUNET_NO;
   pos = &name[1];
-  while (NULL != (dot = strchr (pos, '.')))    
+  while (NULL != (dot = strchr (pos, '.')))
     if ('_' != dot[1])
       return GNUNET_NO;
     else
@@ -464,114 +507,84 @@ is_canonical (const char *name)
   return GNUNET_YES;
 }
 
-
-
 /* ************************** Resolution **************************** */
 
-#if 0
-
-
-//FIXME maybe define somewhere else?
-#define MAX_SOA_LENGTH sizeof(uint32_t)+sizeof(uint32_t)+sizeof(uint32_t)+sizeof(uint32_t)\
-                        +(GNUNET_DNSPARSER_MAX_NAME_LENGTH*2)
-#define MAX_MX_LENGTH sizeof(uint16_t)+GNUNET_DNSPARSER_MAX_NAME_LENGTH
-#define MAX_SRV_LENGTH (sizeof(uint16_t)*3)+GNUNET_DNSPARSER_MAX_NAME_LENGTH
-
-
 /**
- * Exands a name ending in .+ with the zone of origin.
- * FIXME: funky api: 'dest' must be large enough to hold
- * the result; this is a bit yucky...
+ * Expands a name ending in .+ with the zone of origin.
  *
- * @param dest destination buffer
- * @param src the .+ name
- * @param repl the string to replace the + with
+ * @param rh resolution context
+ * @param name name to modify (to be free'd or returned)
+ * @return updated name
  */
-static void
-expand_plus (char* dest, 
-            const char* src, 
-            const char* repl)
+static char *
+translate_dot_plus (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh,
+                   char *name)
 {
-  char* pos;
-  size_t s_len = strlen (src) + 1;
-
-  //Eh? I guess this is at least strlen ('x.+') == 3 FIXME
-  if (3 > s_len)
-  {
-    /* no postprocessing */
-    GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-               "GNS_POSTPROCESS: %s too short\n", src);
-    memcpy (dest, src, s_len);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (0 == strcmp (src + s_len - 3, ".+"))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-               "GNS_POSTPROCESS: Expanding .+ in %s\n", 
-               src);
-    memset (dest, 0, s_len + strlen (repl) + strlen(GNUNET_GNS_TLD));
-    strcpy (dest, src);
-    pos = dest + s_len - 2;
-    strcpy (pos, repl);
-    pos += strlen (repl);
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-               "GNS_POSTPROCESS: Expanded to %s\n", 
-               dest);
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-               "GNS_POSTPROCESS: No postprocessing for %s\n", src);
-    memcpy (dest, src, s_len);
-  }
+  char *ret;
+  size_t s_len = strlen (name);
+
+  if (0 != strcmp (&name[s_len - 2],
+                  ".+"))
+    return name; /* did not end in ".+" */
+  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES == rh->ac_tail->gns_authority);
+  GNUNET_asprintf (&ret,
+                  "%.*s.%s",
+                  (int) (s_len - 2),
+                  name,
+                  GNUNET_GNSRECORD_pkey_to_zkey (&rh->ac_tail->authority_info.gns_authority));
+  GNUNET_free (name);
+  return ret;
 }
 
 
-#endif
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-
 /**
  * Task scheduled to asynchronously fail a resolution.
  *
  * @param cls the 'struct GNS_ResolverHandle' of the resolution to fail
- * @param tc task context
  */
 static void
-fail_resolution (void *cls,
-                const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
+fail_resolution (void *cls)
 {
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
 
-  rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK;
+  rh->task_id = NULL;
   rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
   GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
 }
 
+
 #if (defined WINDOWS) || (defined DARWIN)
 /* Don't have this on W32, here's a naive implementation
  * Was somehow removed on OS X ...  */
-void *
-memrchr (const void *s, int c, size_t n)
+static void *
+memrchr (const void *s,
+        int c,
+        size_t n)
 {
-  size_t i;
-  unsigned char *ucs = (unsigned char *) s;
+  const unsigned char *ucs = s;
+  ssize_t i;
 
   for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-    if (ucs[i] == c)
+    if (c == (int) ucs[i])
       return (void *) &ucs[i];
   return NULL;
 }
 #endif
 
+
 /**
  * Get the next, rightmost label from the name that we are trying to resolve,
- * and update the resolution position accordingly.
+ * and update the resolution position accordingly.  Labels usually consist
+ * of up to 63 characters without a period ("."); however, we use a special
+ * convention to support SRV and TLSA records where the domain name
+ * includes an encoding for a service and protocol in the name.  The
+ * syntax (see RFC 2782) here is "_Service._Proto.Name" and in this
+ * special case we include the "_Service._Proto" in the rightmost label.
+ * Thus, for "_443._tcp.foo.bar" we first return the label "bar" and then
+ * the label "_443._tcp.foo".  The special case is detected by the
+ * presence of labels beginning with an underscore.  Whenever a label
+ * begins with an underscore, it is combined with the label to its right
+ * (and the "." is preserved).
  *
  * @param rh handle to the resolution operation to get the next label from
  * @return NULL if there are no more labels
@@ -582,16 +595,23 @@ resolver_lookup_get_next_label (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
   const char *rp;
   const char *dot;
   size_t len;
+  char *ret;
+  char *srv_name;
+  char *proto_name;
+  struct protoent *pe;
+  struct servent *se;
 
   if (0 == rh->name_resolution_pos)
     return NULL;
-  dot = memrchr (rh->name, (int) '.', rh->name_resolution_pos);
+  dot = memrchr (rh->name,
+                 (int) '.',
+                 rh->name_resolution_pos);
   if (NULL == dot)
   {
     /* done, this was the last one */
     len = rh->name_resolution_pos;
     rp = rh->name;
-    rh->name_resolution_pos = 0; 
+    rh->name_resolution_pos = 0;
   }
   else
   {
@@ -599,8 +619,54 @@ resolver_lookup_get_next_label (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
     len = rh->name_resolution_pos - (dot - rh->name) - 1;
     rp = dot + 1;
     rh->name_resolution_pos = dot - rh->name;
-  }  
-  return GNUNET_strndup (rp, len);  
+  }
+  rh->protocol = 0;
+  rh->service = 0;
+  ret = GNUNET_strndup (rp, len);
+  /* If we have labels starting with underscore with label on
+   * the right (SRV/DANE/BOX case), determine port/protocol;
+   * The format of `rh->name` must be "_PORT._PROTOCOL".
+   */
+  if ( ('_' == rh->name[0]) &&
+       (NULL != (dot = memrchr (rh->name,
+                                (int) '.',
+                                rh->name_resolution_pos))) &&
+       ('_' == dot[1]) &&
+       (NULL == memrchr (rh->name,
+                         (int) '.',
+                         dot - rh->name)) )
+  {
+    srv_name = GNUNET_strndup (&rh->name[1],
+                               (dot - rh->name) - 1);
+    proto_name = GNUNET_strndup (&dot[2],
+                                 rh->name_resolution_pos - (dot - rh->name) - 1);
+    rh->name_resolution_pos = 0;
+    pe = getprotobyname (proto_name);
+    if (NULL == pe)
+    {
+      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                  _("Protocol `%s' unknown, skipping labels.\n"),
+                  proto_name);
+      GNUNET_free (proto_name);
+      GNUNET_free (srv_name);
+      return ret;
+    }
+    se = getservbyname (srv_name,
+                        proto_name);
+    if (NULL == se)
+    {
+      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                  _("Service `%s' unknown for protocol `%s', skipping labels.\n"),
+                  srv_name,
+                  proto_name);
+      GNUNET_free (proto_name);
+      GNUNET_free (srv_name);
+      return ret;
+    }
+    rh->protocol = pe->p_proto;
+    rh->service = se->s_port;
+  }
+  return ret;
 }
 
 
@@ -620,7 +686,7 @@ transmit_lookup_dns_result (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
   for (pos = rh->dns_result_head; NULL != pos; pos = pos->next)
     n++;
   {
-    struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_RecordData rd[n];
+    struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data rd[n];
 
     i = 0;
     for (pos = rh->dns_result_head; NULL != pos; pos = pos->next)
@@ -630,15 +696,20 @@ transmit_lookup_dns_result (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
       rd[i].record_type = pos->record_type;
       if (0 == pos->expiration_time)
       {
-       rd[i].flags = GNUNET_NAMESTORE_RF_RELATIVE_EXPIRATION;
+       rd[i].flags = GNUNET_GNSRECORD_RF_RELATIVE_EXPIRATION;
        rd[i].expiration_time = 0;
       }
       else
       {
-       rd[i].flags = GNUNET_NAMESTORE_RF_NONE;
+       rd[i].flags = GNUNET_GNSRECORD_RF_NONE;
        rd[i].expiration_time = pos->expiration_time;
       }
-    }      
+      i++;
+    }
+    GNUNET_assert (i == n);
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+               "Transmitting standard DNS result with %u records\n",
+               n);
     rh->proc (rh->proc_cls,
              n,
              rd);
@@ -681,7 +752,7 @@ add_dns_result (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh,
  * We had to do a DNS lookup.  Convert the result (if any) and return
  * it.
  *
- * @param cls closure with the 'struct GNS_ResolverHandle'
+ * @param cls closure with the `struct GNS_ResolverHandle`
  * @param addr one of the addresses of the host, NULL for the last address
  * @param addrlen length of the address
  */
@@ -694,12 +765,15 @@ handle_dns_result (void *cls,
   const struct sockaddr_in *sa4;
   const struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6;
 
-  rh->std_resolve = NULL;
   if (NULL == addr)
   {
+    rh->std_resolve = NULL;
     transmit_lookup_dns_result (rh);
     return;
   }
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             "Received %u bytes of DNS IP data\n",
+             addrlen);
   switch (addr->sa_family)
   {
   case AF_INET:
@@ -732,8 +806,7 @@ handle_dns_result (void *cls,
  * @param tc task context
  */
 static void
-recursive_resolution (void *cls,
-                     const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc);
+recursive_resolution (void *cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -753,7 +826,7 @@ start_resolver_lookup (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh);
  *        we were attempting to make
  * @param rs socket that received the response
  * @param dns dns response, never NULL
- * @param dns_len number of bytes in 'dns'
+ * @param dns_len number of bytes in @a dns
  */
 static void
 dns_result_parser (void *cls,
@@ -769,8 +842,8 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
 
   rh->dns_request = NULL;
   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (rh->task_id);
-  rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK;
-  p = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse ((const char *) dns, 
+  rh->task_id = NULL;
+  p = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse ((const char *) dns,
                              dns_len);
   if (NULL == p)
   {
@@ -780,25 +853,30 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
     GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
     return;
   }
-
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             "Received DNS response for `%s' with %u answers\n",
+             rh->ac_tail->label,
+             (unsigned int) p->num_answers);
   if ( (p->num_answers > 0) &&
        (GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME == p->answers[0].type) &&
        (GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME != rh->record_type) )
     {
       GNUNET_free (rh->name);
       rh->name = GNUNET_strdup (p->answers[0].data.hostname);
+      rh->name_resolution_pos = strlen (rh->name);
       start_resolver_lookup (rh);
-      return;     
+      GNUNET_DNSPARSER_free_packet (p);
+      return;
     }
-  /* FIXME: add DNAME support */
 
-  /* convert from DNS to GNS format! */
+  /* convert from (parsed) DNS to (binary) GNS format! */
   rd_count = p->num_answers + p->num_authority_records + p->num_additional_records;
   {
-    struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_RecordData rd[rd_count];
+    struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data rd[rd_count];
     unsigned int skip;
     char buf[UINT16_MAX];
     size_t buf_off;
+    size_t buf_start;
 
     buf_off = 0;
     skip = 0;
@@ -809,8 +887,8 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
        rec = &p->answers[i];
       else if (i < p->num_answers + p->num_authority_records)
        rec = &p->authority_records[i - p->num_answers];
-      else 
-       rec = &p->authority_records[i - p->num_answers - p->num_authority_records];
+      else
+       rec = &p->additional_records[i - p->num_answers - p->num_authority_records];
       /* As we copied the full DNS name to 'rh->ac_tail->label', this
         should be the correct check to see if this record is actually
         a record for our label... */
@@ -851,6 +929,7 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME:
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_PTR:
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_NS:
+       buf_start = buf_off;
        if (GNUNET_OK !=
            GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_name (buf,
                                               sizeof (buf),
@@ -861,8 +940,11 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
          skip++;
          continue;
        }
+       rd[i - skip].data_size = buf_off - buf_start;
+       rd[i - skip].data = &buf[buf_start];
        break;
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_SOA:
+       buf_start = buf_off;
        if (GNUNET_OK !=
            GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_soa (buf,
                                               sizeof (buf),
@@ -873,8 +955,11 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
          skip++;
          continue;
        }
+       rd[i - skip].data_size = buf_off - buf_start;
+       rd[i - skip].data = &buf[buf_start];
        break;
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_MX:
+       buf_start = buf_off;
        if (GNUNET_OK !=
            GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_mx (buf,
                                             sizeof (buf),
@@ -885,8 +970,11 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
          skip++;
          continue;
        }
+       rd[i - skip].data_size = buf_off - buf_start;
+       rd[i - skip].data = &buf[buf_start];
        break;
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_SRV:
+       buf_start = buf_off;
        if (GNUNET_OK !=
            GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_srv (buf,
                                              sizeof (buf),
@@ -897,6 +985,8 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
          skip++;
          continue;
        }
+       rd[i - skip].data_size = buf_off - buf_start;
+       rd[i - skip].data = &buf[buf_start];
        break;
       default:
        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
@@ -906,9 +996,13 @@ dns_result_parser (void *cls,
        continue;
       }
     }
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                "Returning DNS response for `%s' with %u answers\n",
+                rh->ac_tail->label,
+                (unsigned int) p->num_answers);
     rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, rd_count - skip, rd);
     GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-  }  
+  }
   GNUNET_DNSPARSER_free_packet (p);
 }
 
@@ -933,6 +1027,9 @@ recursive_dns_resolution (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
 
   ac = rh->ac_tail;
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != ac);
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             "Starting DNS lookup for `%s'\n",
+             ac->label);
   GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_NO == ac->gns_authority);
   switch (((const struct sockaddr *) &ac->authority_info.dns_authority.dns_ip)->sa_family)
   {
@@ -951,7 +1048,7 @@ recursive_dns_resolution (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
   query = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_DNSPARSER_Query);
   query->name = GNUNET_strdup (ac->label);
   query->type = rh->record_type;
-  query->class = GNUNET_TUN_DNS_CLASS_INTERNET;
+  query->dns_traffic_class = GNUNET_TUN_DNS_CLASS_INTERNET;
   p = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_DNSPARSER_Packet);
   p->queries = query;
   p->num_queries = 1;
@@ -959,7 +1056,7 @@ recursive_dns_resolution (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
                                               UINT16_MAX);
   p->flags.opcode = GNUNET_TUN_DNS_OPCODE_QUERY;
   p->flags.recursion_desired = 1;
-  if (GNUNET_OK != 
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
       GNUNET_DNSPARSER_pack (p, 1024, &dns_request, &dns_request_length))
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -989,7 +1086,7 @@ recursive_dns_resolution (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
  * Merge it into our chain.
  *
  * @param rh resolution we are performing
- * @param cname value of the cname record we got for the current 
+ * @param cname value of the cname record we got for the current
  *        authority chain tail
  */
 static void
@@ -998,6 +1095,7 @@ handle_gns_cname_result (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh,
 {
   size_t nlen;
   char *res;
+  struct AuthorityChain *ac;
 
   nlen = strlen (cname);
   if ( (nlen > 2) &&
@@ -1022,6 +1120,17 @@ handle_gns_cname_result (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh,
     }
     GNUNET_free (rh->name);
     rh->name = res;
+    ac = GNUNET_new (struct AuthorityChain);
+    ac->rh = rh;
+    ac->gns_authority = GNUNET_YES;
+    ac->authority_info.gns_authority = rh->ac_tail->authority_info.gns_authority;
+    ac->label = resolver_lookup_get_next_label (rh);
+    ac->suggested_shortening_label = NULL;
+    ac->shortening_started = GNUNET_NO;
+    /* add AC to tail */
+    GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert_tail (rh->ac_head,
+                                     rh->ac_tail,
+                                     ac);
     rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&recursive_resolution,
                                            rh);
     return;
@@ -1029,6 +1138,7 @@ handle_gns_cname_result (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh,
   /* name is absolute, start from the beginning */
   GNUNET_free (rh->name);
   rh->name = GNUNET_strdup (cname);
+  rh->name_resolution_pos = strlen (rh->name);
   start_resolver_lookup (rh);
 }
 
@@ -1043,7 +1153,7 @@ handle_gns_cname_result (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh,
 static void
 handle_gns_resolution_result (void *cls,
                              unsigned int rd_count,
-                             const struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_RecordData *rd);
+                             const struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data *rd);
 
 
 /**
@@ -1057,7 +1167,7 @@ handle_gns_resolution_result (void *cls,
  *                will match 'result_af' from the request
  * @param address IP address (struct in_addr or struct in_addr6, depending on 'af')
  *                that the VPN allocated for the redirection;
- *                traffic to this IP will now be redirected to the 
+ *                traffic to this IP will now be redirected to the
  *                specified target peer; NULL on error
  */
 static void
@@ -1067,23 +1177,23 @@ vpn_allocation_cb (void *cls,
 {
   struct VpnContext *vpn_ctx = cls;
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = vpn_ctx->rh;
-  struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_RecordData rd[vpn_ctx->rd_count];
+  struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data rd[vpn_ctx->rd_count];
   unsigned int i;
 
   vpn_ctx->vpn_request = NULL;
   rh->vpn_ctx = NULL;
   GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
-                GNUNET_NAMESTORE_records_deserialize (vpn_ctx->rd_data_size,
+                GNUNET_GNSRECORD_records_deserialize (vpn_ctx->rd_data_size,
                                                       vpn_ctx->rd_data,
                                                       vpn_ctx->rd_count,
                                                       rd));
   for (i=0;i<vpn_ctx->rd_count;i++)
   {
-    if (GNUNET_NAMESTORE_TYPE_VPN == rd[i].record_type)
+    if (GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_VPN == rd[i].record_type)
     {
       switch (af)
       {
-      case AF_INET: 
+      case AF_INET:
        rd[i].record_type = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_A;
        rd[i].data_size = sizeof (struct in_addr);
        rd[i].expiration_time = GNUNET_TIME_relative_to_absolute (VPN_TIMEOUT).abs_value_us;
@@ -1099,12 +1209,12 @@ vpn_allocation_cb (void *cls,
        break;
       default:
        GNUNET_assert (0);
-      }     
+      }
       break;
     }
   }
   GNUNET_assert (i < vpn_ctx->rd_count);
-  handle_gns_resolution_result (rh, 
+  handle_gns_resolution_result (rh,
                                vpn_ctx->rd_count,
                                rd);
   GNUNET_free (vpn_ctx->rd_data);
@@ -1112,35 +1222,180 @@ vpn_allocation_cb (void *cls,
 }
 
 
+/**
+ * We've resolved the IP address for the DNS resolver to use
+ * after encountering a GNS2DNS record.
+ *
+ * TODO: Right now we only foward the request to ONE DNS resolver,
+ * even if we get multiple IP addresses back; a correct implementation
+ * should try all DNS resolvers.
+ *
+ * @param cls the `struct GNS_ResolverHandle` where we encountered
+ *            the GNS2DNS record
+ * @param rd_count number of records in @a rd
+ * @param rd addresses for the DNS resolver  (presumably)
+ */
+static void
+handle_gns2dns_result (void *cls,
+                       unsigned int rd_count,
+                       const struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data *rd)
+{
+  struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
+  struct AuthorityChain *ac;
+  unsigned int j;
+  struct sockaddr *sa;
+  struct sockaddr_in v4;
+  struct sockaddr_in6 v6;
+  size_t sa_len;
+
+  /* find suitable A/AAAA record */
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+              "Received %u results for IP address of DNS server for GNS2DNS transition\n",
+              rd_count);
+  /* enable cleanup of 'rh' handle that comes next... */
+  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (rlh_head,
+                              rlh_tail,
+                              rh->g2dc->rh);
+  rh->g2dc->rh = NULL;
+  sa = NULL;
+  sa_len = 0;
+  for (j=0;j<rd_count;j++)
+  {
+    switch (rd[j].record_type)
+    {
+    case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_A:
+      if (sizeof (struct in_addr) != rd[j].data_size)
+      {
+        GNUNET_break_op (0);
+        rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+        GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+        return;
+      }
+      /* FIXME: might want to check if we support IPv4 here,
+         and otherwise skip this one and hope we find another */
+      memset (&v4, 0, sizeof (v4));
+      sa_len = sizeof (v4);
+      v4.sin_family = AF_INET;
+      v4.sin_port = htons (53);
+#if HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
+      v4.sin_len = (u_char) sa_len;
+#endif
+      memcpy (&v4.sin_addr,
+              rd[j].data,
+              sizeof (struct in_addr));
+      sa = (struct sockaddr *) &v4;
+      break;
+    case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_AAAA:
+      if (sizeof (struct in6_addr) != rd[j].data_size)
+      {
+        GNUNET_break_op (0);
+        rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+        GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+        return;
+      }
+      /* FIXME: might want to check if we support IPv6 here,
+         and otherwise skip this one and hope we find another */
+      memset (&v6, 0, sizeof (v6));
+      sa_len = sizeof (v6);
+      v6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+      v6.sin6_port = htons (53);
+#if HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
+      v6.sin6_len = (u_char) sa_len;
+#endif
+      memcpy (&v6.sin6_addr,
+              rd[j].data,
+              sizeof (struct in6_addr));
+      sa = (struct sockaddr *) &v6;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+    if (NULL != sa)
+      break;
+  }
+  if (NULL == sa)
+  {
+    /* we cannot continue; NS without A/AAAA */
+    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+    return;
+  }
+  /* expand authority chain */
+  ac = GNUNET_new (struct AuthorityChain);
+  ac->rh = rh;
+  strcpy (ac->authority_info.dns_authority.name,
+          rh->g2dc->ns);
+  memcpy (&ac->authority_info.dns_authority.dns_ip,
+          sa,
+          sa_len);
+  /* for DNS recursion, the label is the full DNS name,
+     created from the remainder of the GNS name and the
+     name in the NS record */
+  GNUNET_asprintf (&ac->label,
+                   "%.*s%s%s",
+                   (int) rh->name_resolution_pos,
+                   rh->name,
+                   (0 != rh->name_resolution_pos) ? "." : "",
+                   rh->g2dc->ns);
+  GNUNET_free (rh->g2dc->ns);
+  GNUNET_free (rh->g2dc);
+  rh->g2dc = NULL;
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+              "Will continue resolution using DNS server `%s' to resolve `%s'\n",
+              GNUNET_a2s (sa, sa_len),
+              ac->label);
+  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert_tail (rh->ac_head,
+                                    rh->ac_tail,
+                                    ac);
+  if (strlen (ac->label) > GNUNET_DNSPARSER_MAX_NAME_LENGTH)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                _("GNS lookup resulted in DNS name that is too long (`%s')\n"),
+                ac->label);
+    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+    return;
+  }
+  /* recurse */
+  rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&recursive_resolution,
+                                          rh);
+}
+
+
 /**
  * Process a records that were decrypted from a block.
  *
- * @param cls closure with the 'struct GNS_ResolverHandle'
+ * @param cls closure with the `struct GNS_ResolverHandle`
  * @param rd_count number of entries in @a rd array
  * @param rd array of records with data to store
  */
 static void
 handle_gns_resolution_result (void *cls,
                              unsigned int rd_count,
-                             const struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_RecordData *rd)
+                             const struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data *rd)
 {
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
   struct AuthorityChain *ac;
+  struct AuthorityChain *shorten_ac;
   unsigned int i;
-  unsigned int j;
-  struct sockaddr *sa;
-  struct sockaddr_in v4;
-  struct sockaddr_in6 v6;
-  size_t sa_len;
   char *cname;
   struct VpnContext *vpn_ctx;
   const struct GNUNET_TUN_GnsVpnRecord *vpn;
   const char *vname;
   struct GNUNET_HashCode vhash;
   int af;
-  char **scratch;
-  unsigned int scratch_len;
-   
+  char scratch[UINT16_MAX];
+  size_t scratch_off;
+  size_t scratch_start;
+  size_t off;
+  struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data rd_new[rd_count];
+  unsigned int rd_off;
+
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
+             "Resolution succeeded for `%s' in zone %s, got %u records\n",
+             rh->ac_tail->label,
+             GNUNET_GNSRECORD_z2s (&rh->ac_tail->authority_info.gns_authority),
+             rd_count);
   if (0 == rh->name_resolution_pos)
   {
     /* top-level match, are we done yet? */
@@ -1148,12 +1403,23 @@ handle_gns_resolution_result (void *cls,
         (GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME == rd[0].record_type) &&
         (GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME != rh->record_type) )
     {
-      cname = GNUNET_strndup (rd[0].data,
-                             rd[0].data_size);
-      handle_gns_cname_result (rh, 
+      off = 0;
+      cname = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_name (rd[0].data,
+                                          rd[0].data_size,
+                                          &off);
+      if ( (NULL == cname) ||
+          (off != rd[0].data_size) )
+      {
+       GNUNET_break_op (0);
+       rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+       GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+        GNUNET_free_non_null (cname);
+       return;
+      }
+      handle_gns_cname_result (rh,
                               cname);
       GNUNET_free (cname);
-      return;     
+      return;
     }
     /* If A/AAAA was requested, but we got a VPN
        record, we convert it to A/AAAA using GNUnet VPN */
@@ -1162,227 +1428,456 @@ handle_gns_resolution_result (void *cls,
     {
       for (i=0;i<rd_count;i++)
       {
-       if (GNUNET_NAMESTORE_TYPE_VPN == rd[i].record_type)
+       switch (rd[i].record_type)
        {
-         af = (GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_A == rh->record_type) ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
-         if (sizeof (struct GNUNET_TUN_GnsVpnRecord) <
-             rd[i].data_size)
+       case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_VPN:
          {
-           GNUNET_break_op (0);
-           rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-           GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-           return;         
+           af = (GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_A == rh->record_type) ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
+           if (sizeof (struct GNUNET_TUN_GnsVpnRecord) >
+               rd[i].data_size)
+           {
+             GNUNET_break_op (0);
+             rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+             GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+             return;
+           }
+           vpn = (const struct GNUNET_TUN_GnsVpnRecord *) rd[i].data;
+           vname = (const char *) &vpn[1];
+           if ('\0' != vname[rd[i].data_size - 1 - sizeof (struct GNUNET_TUN_GnsVpnRecord)])
+           {
+             GNUNET_break_op (0);
+             rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+             GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+             return;
+           }
+           GNUNET_TUN_service_name_to_hash (vname,
+                                             &vhash);
+            GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                        "Attempting VPN allocation for %s-%s (AF: %d, proto %d)\n",
+                        GNUNET_i2s (&vpn->peer),
+                        vname,
+                        (int) af,
+                        (int) ntohs (vpn->proto));
+           vpn_ctx = GNUNET_new (struct VpnContext);
+           rh->vpn_ctx = vpn_ctx;
+           vpn_ctx->rh = rh;
+           vpn_ctx->rd_data_size = GNUNET_GNSRECORD_records_get_size (rd_count,
+                                                                      rd);
+           vpn_ctx->rd_data = GNUNET_malloc (vpn_ctx->rd_data_size);
+            vpn_ctx->rd_count = rd_count;
+           GNUNET_assert (vpn_ctx->rd_data_size ==
+                           GNUNET_GNSRECORD_records_serialize (rd_count,
+                                                               rd,
+                                                               vpn_ctx->rd_data_size,
+                                                               vpn_ctx->rd_data));
+           vpn_ctx->vpn_request = GNUNET_VPN_redirect_to_peer (vpn_handle,
+                                                               af,
+                                                               ntohs (vpn->proto),
+                                                               &vpn->peer,
+                                                               &vhash,
+                                                               GNUNET_TIME_relative_to_absolute (VPN_TIMEOUT),
+                                                               &vpn_allocation_cb,
+                                                               vpn_ctx);
+           return;
          }
-         vpn = (const struct GNUNET_TUN_GnsVpnRecord *) rd[i].data;
-         vname = (const char *) &vpn[1];
-         if ('\0' != vname[rd[i].data_size - 1 - sizeof (struct GNUNET_TUN_GnsVpnRecord)])
+       case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_GNS2DNS:
          {
-           GNUNET_break_op (0);
-           rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-           GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-           return;
+           /* delegation to DNS */
+            GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                        "Found GNS2DNS record, delegating to DNS!\n");
+           goto do_recurse;
          }
-         GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash (vname,
-                             strlen (vname), // FIXME: +1?
-                             &vhash);
-         vpn_ctx = GNUNET_new (struct VpnContext);
-         rh->vpn_ctx = vpn_ctx;
-         vpn_ctx->rh = rh;
-         vpn_ctx->rd_data_size = GNUNET_NAMESTORE_records_get_size (rd_count,
-                                                                    rd);
-         vpn_ctx->rd_data = GNUNET_malloc (vpn_ctx->rd_data_size);
-         (void) GNUNET_NAMESTORE_records_serialize (rd_count,
-                                                    rd,
-                                                    vpn_ctx->rd_data_size,
-                                                    vpn_ctx->rd_data);
-         vpn_ctx->vpn_request = GNUNET_VPN_redirect_to_peer (vpn_handle,
-                                                             af,
-                                                             ntohs (vpn->proto),
-                                                             &vpn->peer,
-                                                             &vhash,
-                                                             GNUNET_NO,
-                                                             GNUNET_TIME_relative_to_absolute (VPN_TIMEOUT),
-                                                             &vpn_allocation_cb,
-                                                             rh);
-         return;
-       }
-      }
-    }
+       default:
+         break;
+       } /* end: switch */
+      } /* end: for rd */
+    } /* end: name_resolution_pos */
     /* convert relative names in record values to absolute names,
        using 'scratch' array for memory allocations */
-    scratch = NULL;
-    scratch_len = 0;
+    scratch_off = 0;
+    rd_off = 0;
+    shorten_ac = rh->ac_tail;
     for (i=0;i<rd_count;i++)
     {
-      /* Strategy: dnsparser should expose API to make it easier
-        for us to parse all of these binary record values individually;
-        then, we check if the embedded name(s) end in "+", and if so,
+      if ( (0 != rh->protocol) &&
+           (0 != rh->service) &&
+           (GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_BOX != rd[i].record_type) )
+        continue; /* we _only_ care about boxed records */
+
+      rd_new[rd_off] = rd[i];
+      /* Check if the embedded name(s) end in "+", and if so,
         replace the "+" with the zone at "ac_tail", changing the name
         to a ".zkey".  The name is allocated on the 'scratch' array,
         so we can free it afterwards. */
       switch (rd[i].record_type)
       {
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME:
-       GNUNET_break (0); // FIXME: not implemented
+       {
+         char *cname;
+
+         off = 0;
+         cname = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_name (rd[i].data,
+                                              rd[i].data_size,
+                                              &off);
+         if ( (NULL == cname) ||
+              (off != rd[i].data_size) )
+         {
+           GNUNET_break_op (0); /* record not well-formed */
+         }
+         else
+         {
+           cname = translate_dot_plus (rh, cname);
+            GNUNET_break (NULL != cname);
+           scratch_start = scratch_off;
+           if (GNUNET_OK !=
+               GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_name (scratch,
+                                                  sizeof (scratch),
+                                                  &scratch_off,
+                                                  cname))
+           {
+             GNUNET_break (0);
+           }
+           else
+           {
+             rd_new[rd_off].data = &scratch[scratch_start];
+             rd_new[rd_off].data_size = scratch_off - scratch_start;
+             rd_off++;
+           }
+         }
+         GNUNET_free_non_null (cname);
+       }
        break;
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_SOA:
-       GNUNET_break (0); // FIXME: not implemented
+       {
+         struct GNUNET_DNSPARSER_SoaRecord *soa;
+
+         off = 0;
+         soa = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_soa (rd[i].data,
+                                           rd[i].data_size,
+                                           &off);
+         if ( (NULL == soa) ||
+              (off != rd[i].data_size) )
+         {
+           GNUNET_break_op (0); /* record not well-formed */
+         }
+         else
+         {
+           soa->mname = translate_dot_plus (rh, soa->mname);
+           soa->rname = translate_dot_plus (rh, soa->rname);
+           scratch_start = scratch_off;
+           if (GNUNET_OK !=
+               GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_soa (scratch,
+                                                 sizeof (scratch),
+                                                 &scratch_off,
+                                                 soa))
+           {
+             GNUNET_break (0);
+           }
+           else
+           {
+             rd_new[rd_off].data = &scratch[scratch_start];
+             rd_new[rd_off].data_size = scratch_off - scratch_start;
+             rd_off++;
+           }
+         }
+         if (NULL != soa)
+           GNUNET_DNSPARSER_free_soa (soa);
+       }
        break;
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_MX:
-       GNUNET_break (0); // FIXME: not implemented
+       {
+         struct GNUNET_DNSPARSER_MxRecord *mx;
+
+         off = 0;
+         mx = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_mx (rd[i].data,
+                                         rd[i].data_size,
+                                         &off);
+         if ( (NULL == mx) ||
+              (off != rd[i].data_size) )
+         {
+           GNUNET_break_op (0); /* record not well-formed */
+         }
+         else
+         {
+           mx->mxhost = translate_dot_plus (rh, mx->mxhost);
+           scratch_start = scratch_off;
+           if (GNUNET_OK !=
+               GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_mx (scratch,
+                                                sizeof (scratch),
+                                                &scratch_off,
+                                                mx))
+           {
+             GNUNET_break (0);
+           }
+           else
+           {
+             rd_new[rd_off].data = &scratch[scratch_start];
+             rd_new[rd_off].data_size = scratch_off - scratch_start;
+             rd_off++;
+           }
+         }
+         if (NULL != mx)
+           GNUNET_DNSPARSER_free_mx (mx);
+       }
        break;
       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_SRV:
-       GNUNET_break (0); // FIXME: not implemented
+       {
+         struct GNUNET_DNSPARSER_SrvRecord *srv;
+
+         off = 0;
+         srv = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_srv (rd[i].data,
+                                           rd[i].data_size,
+                                           &off);
+         if ( (NULL == srv) ||
+              (off != rd[i].data_size) )
+         {
+           GNUNET_break_op (0); /* record not well-formed */
+         }
+         else
+         {
+           srv->target = translate_dot_plus (rh, srv->target);
+           scratch_start = scratch_off;
+           if (GNUNET_OK !=
+               GNUNET_DNSPARSER_builder_add_srv (scratch,
+                                                 sizeof (scratch),
+                                                 &scratch_off,
+                                                 srv))
+           {
+             GNUNET_break (0);
+           }
+           else
+           {
+             rd_new[rd_off].data = &scratch[scratch_start];
+             rd_new[rd_off].data_size = scratch_off - scratch_start;
+             rd_off++;
+           }
+         }
+         if (NULL != srv)
+           GNUNET_DNSPARSER_free_srv (srv);
+       }
+       break;
+
+      case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_NICK:
+        {
+          const char *nick;
+
+          nick = rd[i].data;
+          if ((rd[i].data_size > 0) &&
+              (nick[rd[i].data_size -1] != '\0'))
+          {
+            GNUNET_break_op (0);
+            break;
+          }
+          if (NULL == shorten_ac->suggested_shortening_label)
+            shorten_ac->suggested_shortening_label = GNUNET_strdup (nick);
+          break;
+        }
+      case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_PKEY:
+        {
+         struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey pub;
+
+         if (rd[i].data_size != sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey))
+         {
+           GNUNET_break_op (0);
+           break;
+         }
+         memcpy (&pub, rd[i].data, rd[i].data_size);
+          rd_off++;
+          if (GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_PKEY != rh->record_type)
+          {
+            /* try to resolve "+" */
+            struct AuthorityChain *ac;
+
+            ac = GNUNET_new (struct AuthorityChain);
+            ac->rh = rh;
+            ac->gns_authority = GNUNET_YES;
+            ac->authority_info.gns_authority = pub;
+            ac->label = GNUNET_strdup (GNUNET_GNS_MASTERZONE_STR);
+            ac->suggested_shortening_label = NULL;
+            ac->shortening_started = GNUNET_NO;
+            GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert_tail (rh->ac_head,
+                                              rh->ac_tail,
+                                              ac);
+            rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&recursive_resolution,
+                                                    rh);
+            return;
+          }
+        }
        break;
+      case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_GNS2DNS:
+        {
+          /* delegation to DNS */
+          if (GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_GNS2DNS == rh->record_type)
+          {
+            rd_off++;
+            break; /* do not follow to DNS, we wanted the GNS2DNS record! */
+          }
+          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                      "Found GNS2DNS record, delegating to DNS!\n");
+          goto do_recurse;
+        }
+      case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_BOX:
+        {
+          /* unbox SRV/TLSA records if a specific one was requested */
+          if ( (0 != rh->protocol) &&
+               (0 != rh->service) &&
+               (rd[i].data_size >= sizeof (struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_BoxRecord)) )
+          {
+            const struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_BoxRecord *box;
+
+            box = rd[i].data;
+            if ( (ntohs (box->protocol) == rh->protocol) &&
+                 (ntohs (box->service) == rh->service) )
+            {
+              /* Box matches, unbox! */
+              rd_new[rd_off].record_type = ntohl (box->record_type);
+              rd_new[rd_off].data_size -= sizeof (struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_BoxRecord);
+              rd_new[rd_off].data = &box[1];
+              rd_off++;
+            }
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            /* no specific protocol/service specified, preserve all BOX
+               records (for modern, GNS-enabled applications) */
+            rd_off++;
+          }
+        }
       default:
+       rd_off++;
        break;
-      }
+      } /* end: switch */
+    } /* end: for rd_count */
+
+    /* trigger shortening */
+    if ((NULL != rh->shorten_key) &&
+        (NULL != shorten_ac) &&
+        (GNUNET_NO == shorten_ac->shortening_started) &&
+        (NULL != shorten_ac->suggested_shortening_label))
+    {
+        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                    "Start shortening for label `%s' based on nick `%s'\n",
+                    shorten_ac->label,
+                    shorten_ac->suggested_shortening_label);
+        shorten_ac->shortening_started = GNUNET_YES;
+        GNS_shorten_start (shorten_ac->label,
+                         shorten_ac->suggested_shortening_label,
+                         &shorten_ac->authority_info.gns_authority,
+                         rh->shorten_key);
     }
-    
+
     /* yes, we are done, return result */
-    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, rd_count, rd);
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                "Returning GNS response for `%s' with %u answers\n",
+                rh->ac_tail->label,
+                rd_off);
+    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, rd_off, rd_new);
     GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-    for (i=0;i<scratch_len;i++)
-      GNUNET_free (scratch[i]);
-    GNUNET_array_grow (scratch, 
-                      scratch_len,
-                      0);
-    return;         
+    return;
   }
+ do_recurse:
   /* need to recurse, check if we can */
   for (i=0;i<rd_count;i++)
   {
     switch (rd[i].record_type)
     {
-    case GNUNET_NAMESTORE_TYPE_PKEY:
+    case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_PKEY:
       /* delegation to another zone */
-      if (sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey) !=
+      if (sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey) !=
          rd[i].data_size)
       {
        GNUNET_break_op (0);
        rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
        GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-       return;     
+       return;
       }
       /* expand authority chain */
       ac = GNUNET_new (struct AuthorityChain);
       ac->rh = rh;
       ac->gns_authority = GNUNET_YES;
+      ac->suggested_shortening_label = NULL;
+      ac->shortening_started = GNUNET_NO;
       memcpy (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority,
              rd[i].data,
-             sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey));
+             sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey));
       ac->label = resolver_lookup_get_next_label (rh);
+      /* add AC to tail */
       GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert_tail (rh->ac_head,
                                        rh->ac_tail,
                                        ac);
       /* recurse */
       rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&recursive_resolution,
                                              rh);
-      break;
-    case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_NS:
-      /* resolution continues within DNS */
-      if (GNUNET_DNSPARSER_MAX_NAME_LENGTH < rd[i].data_size)
+      return;
+    case GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_GNS2DNS:
       {
-       GNUNET_break_op (0);
-       rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-       GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-       return;     
+       /* resolution continues within DNS */
+        struct Gns2DnsContext *g2dc;
+        char *ip;
+        char *ns;
+
+        off = 0;
+        ns = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_name (rd[i].data,
+                                          rd[i].data_size,
+                                          &off);
+        ip = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_name (rd[i].data,
+                                          rd[i].data_size,
+                                          &off);
+        if ( (NULL == ns) ||
+             (NULL == ip) ||
+             (off != rd[i].data_size) )
+        {
+          GNUNET_break_op (0);
+          GNUNET_free_non_null (ns);
+          GNUNET_free_non_null (ip);
+         rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+         GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+          return;
+        }
+        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                    "Resolving `%s' to determine IP address of DNS server for GNS2DNS transition\n",
+                    ip);
+        /* resolve 'ip' to determine the IP(s) of the DNS
+           resolver to use */
+        g2dc = GNUNET_new (struct Gns2DnsContext);
+        g2dc->ns = ns;
+
+        g2dc->rh = GNUNET_new (struct GNS_ResolverHandle);
+        g2dc->rh->authority_zone = rh->ac_tail->authority_info.gns_authority;
+        ip = translate_dot_plus (rh, ip);
+        g2dc->rh->name = ip;
+        g2dc->rh->name_resolution_pos = strlen (ip);
+        g2dc->rh->proc = &handle_gns2dns_result;
+        g2dc->rh->proc_cls = rh;
+        g2dc->rh->record_type = GNUNET_GNSRECORD_TYPE_ANY;
+        g2dc->rh->options = GNUNET_GNS_LO_DEFAULT;
+        g2dc->rh->loop_limiter = rh->loop_limiter + 1;
+        rh->g2dc = g2dc;
+        start_resolver_lookup (g2dc->rh);
+       return;
       }
-      /* find associated A/AAAA record */
-      sa = NULL;
-      for (j=0;j<rd_count;j++)
+    case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME:
       {
-       switch (rd[j].record_type)
+       char *cname;
+
+       off = 0;
+       cname = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_parse_name (rd[i].data,
+                                            rd[i].data_size,
+                                            &off);
+       if ( (NULL == cname) ||
+            (off != rd[i].data_size) )
        {
-       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_A:
-         if (sizeof (struct in_addr) != rd[i].data_size)
-         {
-           GNUNET_break_op (0);
-           rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-           GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-           return;     
-         }
-         /* FIXME: might want to check if we support IPv4 here,
-            and otherwise skip this one and hope we find another */
-         memset (&v4, 0, sizeof (v4));
-         sa_len = sizeof (v4);
-         v4.sin_family = AF_INET;
-         v4.sin_port = htons (53);
-#if HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
-         v4.sin_len = (u_char) sa_len;
-#endif
-         memcpy (&v4.sin_addr,
-                 rd[j].data,
-                 sizeof (struct in_addr));
-         sa = (struct sockaddr *) &v4;
-         break;
-       case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_AAAA:
-         if (sizeof (struct in6_addr) != rd[i].data_size)
-         {
-           GNUNET_break_op (0);
-           rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-           GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-           return;     
-         }
-         /* FIXME: might want to check if we support IPv6 here,
-            and otherwise skip this one and hope we find another */
-         memset (&v6, 0, sizeof (v6));
-         sa_len = sizeof (v6);
-         v6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
-         v6.sin6_port = htons (53);
-#if HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
-         v6.sin6_len = (u_char) sa_len;
-#endif
-         memcpy (&v6.sin6_addr,
-                 rd[j].data,
-                 sizeof (struct in6_addr));
-         sa = (struct sockaddr *) &v6;
-         break;
+         GNUNET_break_op (0); /* record not well-formed */
+         rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+         GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+         GNUNET_free_non_null (cname);
+         return;
        }
-       if (NULL != sa)
-         break;
-      }
-      /* expand authority chain */
-      ac = GNUNET_new (struct AuthorityChain);
-      ac->rh = rh;
-      strncpy (ac->authority_info.dns_authority.name,
-              rd[i].data,
-              rd[i].data_size);
-      ac->authority_info.dns_authority.name[rd[i].data_size] = '\0';
-      memcpy (&ac->authority_info.dns_authority.dns_ip,
-             sa,
-             sa_len);
-      /* for DNS recursion, the label is the full DNS name,
-        created from the remainder of the GNS name and the
-        name in the NS record */
-      GNUNET_asprintf (&ac->label,
-                      "%.*s%s",
-                      (int) rh->name_resolution_pos,
-                      rh->name,
-                      ac->authority_info.dns_authority.name);
-      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert_tail (rh->ac_head,
-                                       rh->ac_tail,
-                                       ac);
-      if (strlen (ac->label) > GNUNET_DNSPARSER_MAX_NAME_LENGTH)
-      {
-       GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                   _("GNS lookup resulted in DNS name that is too long (`%s')\n"),
-                   ac->label);
-       rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-       GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+       handle_gns_cname_result (rh,
+                                cname);
+       GNUNET_free (cname);
        return;
       }
-      /* recurse */
-      rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&recursive_resolution,
-                                             rh);
-      return;
-    case GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_CNAME:
-      cname = GNUNET_strndup (rd[i].data,
-                             rd[i].data_size);
-      handle_gns_cname_result (rh, 
-                              cname);
-      GNUNET_free (cname);
-      return;
       /* FIXME: handle DNAME */
     default:
       /* skip */
@@ -1400,22 +1895,26 @@ handle_gns_resolution_result (void *cls,
  * Function called once the namestore has completed the request for
  * caching a block.
  *
- * @param cls closure with the 'struct GNS_ResolverHandle'
+ * @param cls closure with the `struct CacheOps`
  * @param success #GNUNET_OK on success
  * @param emsg error message
  */
 static void
-namestore_cache_continuation (void *cls,
+namecache_cache_continuation (void *cls,
                              int32_t success,
                              const char *emsg)
 {
-  struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
+  struct CacheOps *co = cls;
 
-  rh->namestore_qe = NULL;
+  co->namecache_qe_cache = NULL;
   if (NULL != emsg)
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                _("Failed to cache GNS resolution: %s\n"),
                emsg);
+  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (co_head,
+                              co_tail,
+                              co);
+  GNUNET_free (co);
 }
 
 
@@ -1423,15 +1922,15 @@ namestore_cache_continuation (void *cls,
  * Iterator called on each result obtained for a DHT
  * operation that expects a reply
  *
- * @param cls closure with the 'struct GNS_ResolverHandle'
+ * @param cls closure with the `struct GNS_ResolverHandle`
  * @param exp when will this value expire
  * @param key key of the result
  * @param get_path peers on reply path (or NULL if not recorded)
  *                 [0] = datastore's first neighbor, [length - 1] = local peer
- * @param get_path_length number of entries in get_path
+ * @param get_path_length number of entries in @a get_path
  * @param put_path peers on the PUT path (or NULL if not recorded)
  *                 [0] = origin, [length - 1] = datastore
- * @param put_path_length number of entries in get_path
+ * @param put_path_length number of entries in @a put_path
  * @param type type of the result
  * @param size number of bytes in data
  * @param data pointer to the result data
@@ -1439,44 +1938,47 @@ namestore_cache_continuation (void *cls,
 static void
 handle_dht_response (void *cls,
                     struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute exp,
-                    const struct GNUNET_HashCode * key,
+                    const struct GNUNET_HashCode *key,
                     const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *get_path,
                     unsigned int get_path_length,
-                    const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *put_path, 
+                    const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *put_path,
                     unsigned int put_path_length,
                     enum GNUNET_BLOCK_Type type,
                     size_t size, const void *data)
 {
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
   struct AuthorityChain *ac = rh->ac_tail;
-  const struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_Block *block;
-  
+  const struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Block *block;
+  struct CacheOps *co;
+
   GNUNET_DHT_get_stop (rh->get_handle);
   rh->get_handle = NULL;
   GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_remove_node (rh->dht_heap_node);
-  rh->dht_heap_node = NULL;  
-  if (size < sizeof (struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_Block))
+  rh->dht_heap_node = NULL;
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             "Handling response from the DHT\n");
+  if (size < sizeof (struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Block))
   {
     /* how did this pass DHT block validation!? */
     GNUNET_break (0);
     rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
     GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-    return;   
+    return;
   }
-  block = data; 
+  block = data;
   if (size !=
-      ntohs (block->purpose.size) + 
-      sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey) +
-      sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignature))
+      ntohl (block->purpose.size) +
+      sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey) +
+      sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaSignature))
   {
     /* how did this pass DHT block validation!? */
     GNUNET_break (0);
     rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
     GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
-    return;   
+    return;
   }
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_NAMESTORE_block_decrypt (block,
+      GNUNET_GNSRECORD_block_decrypt (block,
                                      &ac->authority_info.gns_authority,
                                      ac->label,
                                      &handle_gns_resolution_result,
@@ -1487,90 +1989,236 @@ handle_dht_response (void *cls,
     GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
     return;
   }
+  if (0 == GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_remaining (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_ntoh (block->expiration_time)).rel_value_us)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                "Received expired block from the DHT, will not cache it.\n");
+    return;
+  }
   /* Cache well-formed blocks */
-  rh->namestore_qe = GNUNET_NAMESTORE_block_cache (namestore_handle,
-                                                  block,
-                                                  &namestore_cache_continuation,
-                                                  rh);
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             "Caching response from the DHT in namecache\n");
+  co = GNUNET_new (struct CacheOps);
+  co->namecache_qe_cache = GNUNET_NAMECACHE_block_cache (namecache_handle,
+                                                        block,
+                                                        &namecache_cache_continuation,
+                                                        co);
+  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (co_head,
+                              co_tail,
+                              co);
 }
 
 
 /**
- * Process a record that was stored in the namestore.
+ * Initiate a DHT query for a set of GNS records.
+ *
+ * @param rh resolution handle
+ * @param query key to use in the DHT lookup
+ */
+static void
+start_dht_request (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh,
+                   const struct GNUNET_HashCode *query)
+{
+  struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rx;
+
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL == rh->get_handle);
+  rh->get_handle = GNUNET_DHT_get_start (dht_handle,
+                                         GNUNET_BLOCK_TYPE_GNS_NAMERECORD,
+                                         query,
+                                         DHT_GNS_REPLICATION_LEVEL,
+                                         GNUNET_DHT_RO_DEMULTIPLEX_EVERYWHERE,
+                                         NULL, 0,
+                                         &handle_dht_response, rh);
+  rh->dht_heap_node = GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_insert (dht_lookup_heap,
+                                                    rh,
+                                                    GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ().abs_value_us);
+  if (GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_get_size (dht_lookup_heap) > max_allowed_background_queries)
+  {
+    /* fail longest-standing DHT request */
+    rx = GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_peek (dht_lookup_heap);
+    GNUNET_assert (NULL != rx);
+    rx->proc (rx->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rx);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Process a records that were decrypted from a block that we got from
+ * the namecache.  Simply calls #handle_gns_resolution_result().
  *
  * @param cls closure with the `struct GNS_ResolverHandle`
- * @param block block that was stored in the namestore
+ * @param rd_count number of entries in @a rd array
+ * @param rd array of records with data to store
  */
-static void 
-handle_namestore_block_response (void *cls,
-                                const struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_Block *block)
+static void
+handle_gns_namecache_resolution_result (void *cls,
+                                        unsigned int rd_count,
+                                        const struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data *rd)
+{
+  struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
+
+  handle_gns_resolution_result (rh,
+                                rd_count,
+                                rd);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Process a record that was stored in the namecache.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure with the `struct GNS_ResolverHandle`
+ * @param block block that was stored in the namecache
+ */
+static void
+handle_namecache_block_response (void *cls,
+                                const struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Block *block)
 {
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
-  struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rx;
   struct AuthorityChain *ac = rh->ac_tail;
   const char *label = ac->label;
-  const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey *auth = &ac->authority_info.gns_authority;
+  const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *auth = &ac->authority_info.gns_authority;
   struct GNUNET_HashCode query;
 
-  GNUNET_NAMESTORE_query_from_public_key (auth,
-                                         label,
-                                         &query);
-  rh->namestore_qe = NULL;
-  if (NULL == block)
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != rh->namecache_qe);
+  rh->namecache_qe = NULL;
+  if ( ( (GNUNET_GNS_LO_DEFAULT == rh->options) ||
+        ( (GNUNET_GNS_LO_LOCAL_MASTER == rh->options) &&
+          (ac != rh->ac_head) ) ) &&
+       ( (NULL == block) ||
+        (0 == GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_remaining (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_ntoh (block->expiration_time)).rel_value_us) ) )
   {
-    /* Namestore knows nothing; try DHT lookup */
-    rh->get_handle = GNUNET_DHT_get_start (dht_handle,
-                                          GNUNET_BLOCK_TYPE_GNS_NAMERECORD,
-                                          &query,
-                                          DHT_GNS_REPLICATION_LEVEL,
-                                          GNUNET_DHT_RO_DEMULTIPLEX_EVERYWHERE,
-                                          NULL, 0,
-                                          &handle_dht_response, rh);
-    rh->dht_heap_node = GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_insert (dht_lookup_heap,
-                                                     rh,
-                                                     GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get ().abs_value_us);
-    if (GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_get_size (dht_lookup_heap) > max_allowed_background_queries)
-    {
-      /* fail longest-standing DHT request */
-      rx = GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_peek (dht_lookup_heap);
-      rx->proc (rx->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-      GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rx);
-    }
+    /* namecache knows nothing; try DHT lookup */
+    GNUNET_GNSRECORD_query_from_public_key (auth,
+                                            label,
+                                            &query);
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                "Starting DHT lookup for `%s' in zone `%s' under key `%s'\n",
+                ac->label,
+                GNUNET_GNSRECORD_z2s (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority),
+                GNUNET_h2s (&query));
+    start_dht_request (rh, &query);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+              "Received result from namecache for label `%s'\n",
+              ac->label);
+
+  if ( (NULL == block) ||
+       (0 == GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_remaining (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_ntoh (block->expiration_time)).rel_value_us) )
+  {
+    /* DHT not permitted and no local result, fail */
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+               "Resolution failed for `%s' in zone %s (DHT lookup not permitted by configuration)\n",
+               ac->label,
+               GNUNET_GNSRECORD_z2s (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority));
+    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
     return;
   }
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_NAMESTORE_block_decrypt (block,
+      GNUNET_GNSRECORD_block_decrypt (block,
                                      auth,
                                      label,
-                                     &handle_gns_resolution_result,
+                                     &handle_gns_namecache_resolution_result,
                                      rh))
   {
     GNUNET_break_op (0); /* block was ill-formed */
-    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+    /* try DHT instead */
+    GNUNET_GNSRECORD_query_from_public_key (auth,
+                                            label,
+                                            &query);
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+                "Starting DHT lookup for `%s' in zone `%s' under key `%s'\n",
+                ac->label,
+                GNUNET_GNSRECORD_z2s (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority),
+                GNUNET_h2s (&query));
+    start_dht_request (rh, &query);
     return;
   }
 }
 
 
 /**
- * Lookup tail of our authority chain in the namestore.
+ * Lookup tail of our authority chain in the namecache.
  *
  * @param rh query we are processing
  */
 static void
-recursive_gns_resolution_namestore (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
+recursive_gns_resolution_namecache (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
 {
   struct AuthorityChain *ac = rh->ac_tail;
   struct GNUNET_HashCode query;
 
-  GNUNET_NAMESTORE_query_from_public_key (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority,
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             "Starting GNS resolution for `%s' in zone %s\n",
+             ac->label,
+             GNUNET_GNSRECORD_z2s (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority));
+  GNUNET_GNSRECORD_query_from_public_key (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority,
                                          ac->label,
                                          &query);
-  rh->namestore_qe = GNUNET_NAMESTORE_lookup_block (namestore_handle,
-                                                   &query,
-                                                   &handle_namestore_block_response,
-                                                   rh);
+  if (GNUNET_YES == use_cache)
+  {
+    rh->namecache_qe
+      = GNUNET_NAMECACHE_lookup_block (namecache_handle,
+                                       &query,
+                                       &handle_namecache_block_response,
+                                       rh);
+    GNUNET_assert (NULL != rh->namecache_qe);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    start_dht_request (rh, &query);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Function called with the result from a revocation check.
+ *
+ * @param cls the `struct GNS_ResovlerHandle`
+ * @param is_valid #GNUNET_YES if the zone was not yet revoked
+ */
+static void
+handle_revocation_result (void *cls,
+                          int is_valid)
+{
+  struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
+  struct AuthorityChain *ac = rh->ac_tail;
+
+  rh->rev_check = NULL;
+  if (GNUNET_YES != is_valid)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                _("Zone %s was revoked, resolution fails\n"),
+                GNUNET_GNSRECORD_z2s (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority));
+    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+    return;
+  }
+  recursive_gns_resolution_namecache (rh);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Perform revocation check on tail of our authority chain.
+ *
+ * @param rh query we are processing
+ */
+static void
+recursive_gns_resolution_revocation (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
+{
+  struct AuthorityChain *ac = rh->ac_tail;
+
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             "Starting revocation check for zone %s\n",
+             GNUNET_GNSRECORD_z2s (&ac->authority_info.gns_authority));
+  rh->rev_check = GNUNET_REVOCATION_query (cfg,
+                                           &ac->authority_info.gns_authority,
+                                           &handle_revocation_result,
+                                           rh);
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != rh->rev_check);
 }
 
 
@@ -1578,15 +2226,13 @@ recursive_gns_resolution_namestore (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
  * Task scheduled to continue with the resolution process.
  *
  * @param cls the `struct GNS_ResolverHandle` of the resolution
- * @param tc task context
  */
 static void
-recursive_resolution (void *cls,
-                     const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
+recursive_resolution (void *cls)
 {
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh = cls;
 
-  rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK;
+  rh->task_id = NULL;
   if (MAX_RECURSION < rh->loop_limiter++)
   {
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
@@ -1597,7 +2243,7 @@ recursive_resolution (void *cls,
     return;
   }
   if (GNUNET_YES == rh->ac_tail->gns_authority)
-    recursive_gns_resolution_namestore (rh);
+    recursive_gns_resolution_revocation (rh);
   else
     recursive_dns_resolution (rh);
 }
@@ -1613,10 +2259,42 @@ static void
 start_resolver_lookup (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
 {
   struct AuthorityChain *ac;
-  char *x;
   char *y;
-  char *pkey;
+  struct in_addr v4;
+  struct in6_addr v6;
 
+  if (1 == inet_pton (AF_INET,
+                      rh->name,
+                      &v4))
+  {
+    /* name is IPv4 address, pretend it's an A record */
+    struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data rd;
+
+    rd.data = &v4;
+    rd.data_size = sizeof (v4);
+    rd.expiration_time = UINT64_MAX;
+    rd.record_type = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_A;
+    rd.flags = 0;
+    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 1, &rd);
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (1 == inet_pton (AF_INET6,
+                      rh->name,
+                      &v6))
+  {
+    /* name is IPv6 address, pretend it's an AAAA record */
+    struct GNUNET_GNSRECORD_Data rd;
+
+    rd.data = &v6;
+    rd.data_size = sizeof (v6);
+    rd.expiration_time = UINT64_MAX;
+    rd.record_type = GNUNET_DNSPARSER_TYPE_AAAA;
+    rd.flags = 0;
+    rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 1, &rd);
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+    return;
+  }
   if ( ( (GNUNET_YES == is_canonical (rh->name)) &&
         (0 != strcmp (GNUNET_GNS_TLD, rh->name)) ) ||
        ( (GNUNET_YES != is_gnu_tld (rh->name)) &&
@@ -1637,7 +2315,10 @@ start_resolver_lookup (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
       af = AF_UNSPEC;
       break;
     }
-    rh->std_resolve = GNUNET_RESOLVER_ip_get (rh->name, 
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+               "Doing standard DNS lookup for `%s'\n",
+               rh->name);
+    rh->std_resolve = GNUNET_RESOLVER_ip_get (rh->name,
                                              af,
                                              DNS_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT,
                                              &handle_dns_result,
@@ -1649,26 +2330,19 @@ start_resolver_lookup (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
     /* Name ends with ".zkey", try to replace authority zone with zkey
        authority */
     GNUNET_free (resolver_lookup_get_next_label (rh)); /* will return "zkey" */
-    x = resolver_lookup_get_next_label (rh); /* will return 'x' coordinate */
     y = resolver_lookup_get_next_label (rh); /* will return 'y' coordinate */
-    GNUNET_asprintf (&pkey,
-                    "%s%s",
-                    x, y);
-    if ( (NULL == x) ||
-        (NULL == y) ||
+    if ( (NULL == y) ||
         (GNUNET_OK !=
-         GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_public_key_from_string (pkey,
-                                                   strlen (pkey),
-                                                   &rh->authority_zone)) )
+         GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_public_key_from_string (y,
+                                                      strlen (y),
+                                                      &rh->authority_zone)) )
     {
       GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  _("Hostname `%s' is not well-formed, resolution fails\n"),
                  rh->name);
       rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&fail_resolution, rh);
     }
-    GNUNET_free_non_null (x);
     GNUNET_free_non_null (y);
-    GNUNET_free (pkey);
   }
   else
   {
@@ -1678,6 +2352,7 @@ start_resolver_lookup (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
   ac = GNUNET_new (struct AuthorityChain);
   ac->rh = rh;
   ac->label = resolver_lookup_get_next_label (rh);
+  ac->suggested_shortening_label = NULL;
   if (NULL == ac->label)
     /* name was just "gnu", so we default to label '+' */
     ac->label = GNUNET_strdup (GNUNET_GNS_MASTERZONE_STR);
@@ -1699,21 +2374,26 @@ start_resolver_lookup (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
  * @param record_type the record type to look up
  * @param name the name to look up
  * @param shorten_key a private key for use with PSEU import (can be NULL)
- * @param only_cached #GNUNET_NO to only check locally not DHT for performance
+ * @param options local options to control local lookup
  * @param proc the processor to call on result
  * @param proc_cls the closure to pass to @a proc
  * @return handle to cancel operation
  */
 struct GNS_ResolverHandle *
-GNS_resolver_lookup (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey *zone,
+GNS_resolver_lookup (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *zone,
                     uint32_t record_type,
                     const char *name,
-                    const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPrivateKey *shorten_key,
-                    int only_cached,
+                    const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *shorten_key,
+                    enum GNUNET_GNS_LocalOptions options,
                     GNS_ResultProcessor proc, void *proc_cls)
 {
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh;
 
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+             (NULL == shorten_key)
+             ? "Starting lookup for `%s' with shortening disabled\n"
+             : "Starting lookup for `%s' with shortening enabled\n",
+             name);
   rh = GNUNET_new (struct GNS_ResolverHandle);
   GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (rlh_head,
                               rlh_tail,
@@ -1721,13 +2401,13 @@ GNS_resolver_lookup (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPublicKey *zone,
   rh->authority_zone = *zone;
   rh->proc = proc;
   rh->proc_cls = proc_cls;
-  rh->only_cached = only_cached;
+  rh->options = options;
   rh->record_type = record_type;
   rh->name = GNUNET_strdup (name);
   rh->name_resolution_pos = strlen (name);
   if (NULL != shorten_key)
   {
-    rh->shorten_key = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPrivateKey);
+    rh->shorten_key = GNUNET_new (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey);
     *rh->shorten_key = *shorten_key;
   }
   start_resolver_lookup (rh);
@@ -1756,12 +2436,30 @@ GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
                                 rh->ac_tail,
                                 ac);
     GNUNET_free (ac->label);
+    GNUNET_free_non_null (ac->suggested_shortening_label);
     GNUNET_free (ac);
   }
-  if (GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK != rh->task_id)
+  if (NULL != rh->g2dc)
+  {
+    /* rh->g2dc->rh is NOT in the DLL yet, so to enable us
+       using GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel here, we need to
+       add it first... */
+    if (NULL != rh->g2dc->rh)
+    {
+      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (rlh_head,
+                                   rlh_tail,
+                                   rh->g2dc->rh);
+      GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh->g2dc->rh);
+      rh->g2dc->rh = NULL;
+    }
+    GNUNET_free (rh->g2dc->ns);
+    GNUNET_free (rh->g2dc);
+    rh->g2dc = NULL;
+  }
+  if (NULL != rh->task_id)
   {
     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (rh->task_id);
-    rh->task_id = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK;
+    rh->task_id = NULL;
   }
   if (NULL != rh->get_handle)
   {
@@ -1784,13 +2482,20 @@ GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
     GNUNET_DNSSTUB_resolve_cancel (rh->dns_request);
     rh->dns_request = NULL;
   }
-  if (NULL != rh->namestore_qe)
+  if (NULL != rh->namecache_qe)
+  {
+    GNUNET_NAMECACHE_cancel (rh->namecache_qe);
+    rh->namecache_qe = NULL;
+  }
+  if (NULL != rh->rev_check)
   {
-    GNUNET_NAMESTORE_cancel (rh->namestore_qe);
-    rh->namestore_qe = NULL;
+    GNUNET_REVOCATION_query_cancel (rh->rev_check);
+    rh->rev_check = NULL;
   }
   if (NULL != rh->std_resolve)
   {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+               "Canceling standard DNS resolution\n");
     GNUNET_RESOLVER_request_cancel (rh->std_resolve);
     rh->std_resolve = NULL;
   }
@@ -1813,13 +2518,13 @@ GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh)
 /**
  * Initialize the resolver
  *
- * @param nh the namestore handle
+ * @param nc the namecache handle
  * @param dht the dht handle
  * @param c configuration handle
  * @param max_bg_queries maximum number of parallel background queries in dht
  */
 void
-GNS_resolver_init (struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_Handle *nh,
+GNS_resolver_init (struct GNUNET_NAMECACHE_Handle *nc,
                   struct GNUNET_DHT_Handle *dht,
                   const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *c,
                   unsigned long long max_bg_queries)
@@ -1827,11 +2532,18 @@ GNS_resolver_init (struct GNUNET_NAMESTORE_Handle *nh,
   char *dns_ip;
 
   cfg = c;
-  namestore_handle = nh;
+  namecache_handle = nc;
   dht_handle = dht;
   dht_lookup_heap =
     GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_create (GNUNET_CONTAINER_HEAP_ORDER_MIN);
   max_allowed_background_queries = max_bg_queries;
+  if (GNUNET_SYSERR == (use_cache = GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_yesno (c,
+                                             "gns",
+                                             "USE_CACHE")))
+    use_cache = GNUNET_YES;
+  if (GNUNET_NO == use_cache)
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "Namecache disabled\n");
+
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (c,
                                             "gns",
@@ -1854,12 +2566,21 @@ void
 GNS_resolver_done ()
 {
   struct GNS_ResolverHandle *rh;
+  struct CacheOps *co;
 
   /* abort active resolutions */
   while (NULL != (rh = rlh_head))
   {
     rh->proc (rh->proc_cls, 0, NULL);
-    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);    
+    GNS_resolver_lookup_cancel (rh);
+  }
+  while (NULL != (co = co_head))
+  {
+    GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (co_head,
+                                co_tail,
+                                co);
+    GNUNET_NAMECACHE_cancel (co->namecache_qe_cache);
+    GNUNET_free (co);
   }
   GNUNET_CONTAINER_heap_destroy (dht_lookup_heap);
   dht_lookup_heap = NULL;
@@ -1868,7 +2589,7 @@ GNS_resolver_done ()
   GNUNET_VPN_disconnect (vpn_handle);
   vpn_handle = NULL;
   dht_handle = NULL;
-  namestore_handle = NULL;
+  namecache_handle = NULL;
 }