LRN: 0002-Make-group-shutdown-a-bit-more-verbose.patch

[oweals/gnunet.git] / src / testing / testing_group.c

/*
 This file is part of GNUnet
 (C) 2008, 2009 Christian Grothoff (and other contributing authors)

 GNUnet is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
 by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
 option) any later version.

 GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 General Public License for more details.

 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 along with GNUnet; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */

/**
 * @file testing/testing_group.c
 * @brief convenience API for writing testcases for GNUnet
 * @author Nathan Evans
 * @author Christian Grothoff
 *
 */
#include "platform.h"
#include "gnunet_constants.h"
#include "gnunet_arm_service.h"
#include "gnunet_testing_lib.h"
#include "gnunet_core_service.h"

#define VERBOSE_TESTING GNUNET_NO

#define VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY GNUNET_NO

#define DEBUG_CHURN GNUNET_NO

#define USE_START_HELPER GNUNET_YES

#define OLD 1

/* Before connecting peers, send all of the HELLOs */
#define USE_SEND_HELLOS GNUNET_NO

#define TOPOLOGY_HACK GNUNET_YES


/**
 * Lowest port used for GNUnet testing.  Should be high enough to not
 * conflict with other applications running on the hosts but be low
 * enough to not conflict with client-ports (typically starting around
 * 32k).
 */
#define LOW_PORT 12000

/**
 * Highest port used for GNUnet testing.  Should be low enough to not
 * conflict with the port range for "local" ports (client apps; see
 * /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range on Linux for example).
 */
#define HIGH_PORT 56000

/* Maximum time to delay connect attempt */
#define MAX_CONNECT_DELAY 300

/**
 * Which list of peers do we need to modify?
 */
enum PeerLists
{
  /** Modify allowed peers */
  ALLOWED,

  /** Modify connect peers */
  CONNECT,

  /** Modify blacklist peers */
  BLACKLIST,

  /** Modify workingset peers */
  WORKING_SET
};

/**
 * Prototype of a function called whenever two peers would be connected
 * in a certain topology.
 */
typedef unsigned int
(*GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor)(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup * pg,
                                      unsigned int first, unsigned int second,
                                      enum PeerLists list, unsigned int check);

/**
 * Context for handling churning a peer group
 */
struct ChurnContext
{
  /**
   * The peergroup we are dealing with.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * Name of the service to churn on/off, NULL
   * to churn entire peer.
   */
  char *service;

  /**
   * Callback used to notify of churning finished
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion cb;

  /**
   * Closure for callback
   */
  void *cb_cls;

  /**
   * Number of peers that still need to be started
   */
  unsigned int num_to_start;

  /**
   * Number of peers that still need to be stopped
   */
  unsigned int num_to_stop;

  /**
   * Number of peers that failed to start
   */
  unsigned int num_failed_start;

  /**
   * Number of peers that failed to stop
   */
  unsigned int num_failed_stop;
};

struct RestartContext
{
  /**
   * The group of peers being restarted
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *peer_group;

  /**
   * How many peers have been restarted thus far
   */
  unsigned int peers_restarted;

  /**
   * How many peers got an error when restarting
   */
  unsigned int peers_restart_failed;

  /**
   * The function to call once all peers have been restarted
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion callback;

  /**
   * Closure for callback function
   */
  void *callback_cls;

};

struct SendHelloContext
{
  /**
   * Global handle to the peer group.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * The data about this specific peer.
   */
  struct PeerData *peer;

  /**
   * The next HELLO that needs sent to this peer.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *peer_pos;

  /**
   * Are we connected to CORE yet?
   */
  unsigned int core_ready;

  /**
   * How many attempts should we make for failed connections?
   */
  unsigned int connect_attempts;

  /**
   * Task for scheduling core connect requests to be sent.
   */
  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskIdentifier core_connect_task;
};

struct ShutdownContext
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;
  /**
   * Total peers to wait for
   */
  unsigned int total_peers;

  /**
   * Number of peers successfully shut down
   */
  unsigned int peers_down;

  /**
   * Number of peers failed to shut down
   */
  unsigned int peers_failed;

  /**
   * Number of peers we have started shutting
   * down.  If too many, wait on them.
   */
  unsigned int outstanding;

  /**
   * Timeout for shutdown.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout;

  /**
   * Callback to call when all peers either
   * shutdown or failed to shutdown
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion cb;

  /**
   * Closure for cb
   */
  void *cb_cls;

  /**
   * Should we delete all of the files from the peers?
   */
  int delete_files;
};

/**
 * Individual shutdown context for a particular peer.
 */
struct PeerShutdownContext
{
  /**
   * Pointer to the high level shutdown context.
   */
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx;

  /**
   * The daemon handle for the peer to shut down.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *daemon;
};

/**
 * Individual shutdown context for a particular peer.
 */
struct PeerRestartContext
{
  /**
   * Pointer to the high level restart context.
   */
  struct ChurnRestartContext *churn_restart_ctx;

  /**
   * The daemon handle for the peer to shut down.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *daemon;
};

struct ServiceStartContext
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;
  unsigned int remaining;
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion cb;
  unsigned int outstanding;
  char *service;
  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout;
  void *cb_cls;
};

/**
 * Individual shutdown context for a particular peer.
 */
struct PeerServiceStartContext
{
  /**
   * Pointer to the high level start context.
   */
  struct ServiceStartContext *start_ctx;

  /**
   * The daemon handle for the peer to start the service on.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *daemon;
};

struct CreateTopologyContext
{

  /**
   * Function to call with number of connections
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyConnections cont;

  /**
   * Closure for connection notification
   */
  void *cls;
};

enum States
{
  /** Waiting to read number of peers */
  NUM_PEERS,

  /** Should find next peer index */
  PEER_INDEX,

  /** Should find colon */
  COLON,

  /** Should read other peer index, space, or endline */
  OTHER_PEER_INDEX
};

#if OLD
struct PeerConnection
{
  /**
   * Doubly Linked list
   */
  struct PeerConnection *prev;

  /*
   * Doubly Linked list
   */
  struct PeerConnection *next;

  /*
   * Index of daemon in pg->peers
   */
  uint32_t index;

};
#endif

struct InternalStartContext
{
  /**
   * Pointer to peerdata
   */
  struct PeerData *peer;

  /**
   * Timeout for peer startup
   */
  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout;

  /**
   * Client callback for hostkey notification
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyHostkeyCreated hostkey_callback;

  /**
   * Closure for hostkey_callback
   */
  void *hostkey_cls;

  /**
   * Client callback for peer start notification
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyDaemonRunning start_cb;

  /**
   * Closure for cb
   */
  void *start_cb_cls;

  /**
   * Hostname, where to start the peer
   */
  const char *hostname;

  /**
   * Username to use when connecting to the
   * host via ssh.
   */
  const char *username;

  /**
   * Pointer to starting memory location of a hostkey
   */
  const char *hostkey;

  /**
   * Port to use for ssh.
   */
  uint16_t sshport;

};

struct ChurnRestartContext
{
  /**
   * PeerGroup that we are working with.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * Number of restarts currently in flight.
   */
  unsigned int outstanding;

  /**
   * Handle to the underlying churn context.
   */
  struct ChurnContext *churn_ctx;

  /**
   * How long to allow the operation to take.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout;
};

struct OutstandingSSH
{
  struct OutstandingSSH *next;

  struct OutstandingSSH *prev;

  /**
   * Number of current ssh connections.
   */
  uint32_t outstanding;

  /**
   * The hostname of this peer.
   */
  const char *hostname;
};

/**
 * Data we keep per peer.
 */
struct PeerData
{
  /**
   * (Initial) configuration of the host.
   * (initial because clients could change
   *  it and we would not know about those
   *  updates).
   */
  struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg;

  /**
   * Handle for controlling the daemon.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *daemon;

  /**
   * The peergroup this peer belongs to.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

#if OLD
  /**
   * Linked list of allowed peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *allowed_peers_head;

  /**
   * Linked list of allowed peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *allowed_peers_tail;

  /**
   * Linked list of blacklisted peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *blacklisted_peers_head;

  /**
   * Linked list of blacklisted peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *blacklisted_peers_tail;

  /**
   * Linked list of connect peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *connect_peers_head;

  /**
   * Linked list of connect peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *connect_peers_tail;

  /**
   * Linked list of connect peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *connect_peers_working_set_head;

  /**
   * Linked list of connect peer connections.
   */
  struct PeerConnection *connect_peers_working_set_tail;

#else
  /**
   * Hash map of allowed peer connections (F2F created topology)
   */
  struct GNUNET_CONTAINER_MultiHashMap *allowed_peers;

  /**
   * Hash map of blacklisted peers
   */
  struct GNUNET_CONTAINER_MultiHashMap *blacklisted_peers;

  /**
   * Hash map of peer connections
   */
  struct GNUNET_CONTAINER_MultiHashMap *connect_peers;

  /**
   * Temporary hash map of peer connections
   */
  struct GNUNET_CONTAINER_MultiHashMap *connect_peers_working_set;
#endif

  /**
   * Temporary variable for topology creation, should be reset before
   * creating any topology so the count is valid once finished.
   */
  int num_connections;

  /**
   * Context to keep track of peers being started, to
   * stagger hostkey generation and peer startup.
   */
  struct InternalStartContext internal_context;
};

/**
 * Linked list of per-host data.
 */
struct HostData
{
  /**
   * Name of the host.
   */
  char *hostname;

  /**
   * SSH username to use when connecting to this host.
   */
  char *username;

  /**
   * SSH port to use when connecting to this host.
   */
  uint16_t sshport;

  /**
   * Lowest port that we have not yet used
   * for GNUnet.
   */
  uint16_t minport;
};

struct TopologyIterateContext
{
  /**
   * The peergroup we are working with.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * Callback for notifying of two connected peers.
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyTopology topology_cb;

  /**
   * Closure for topology_cb
   */
  void *cls;

  /**
   * Number of peers currently connected to.
   */
  unsigned int connected;

  /**
   * Number of peers we have finished iterating.
   */
  unsigned int completed;

  /**
   * Number of peers total.
   */
  unsigned int total;
};

struct StatsIterateContext
{
  /**
   * The peergroup that we are dealing with.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * Continuation to call once all stats information has been retrieved.
   */
  GNUNET_STATISTICS_Callback cont;

  /**
   * Proc function to call on each value received.
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_STATISTICS_Iterator proc;

  /**
   * Closure for topology_cb
   */
  void *cls;

  /**
   * Number of peers currently connected to.
   */
  unsigned int connected;

  /**
   * Number of peers we have finished iterating.
   */
  unsigned int completed;

  /**
   * Number of peers total.
   */
  unsigned int total;
};

struct CoreContext
{
  void *iter_context;
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *daemon;
};

struct StatsCoreContext
{
  void *iter_context;
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *daemon;
  /**
   * Handle to the statistics service.
   */
  struct GNUNET_STATISTICS_Handle *stats_handle;

  /**
   * Handle for getting statistics.
   */
  struct GNUNET_STATISTICS_GetHandle *stats_get_handle;
};

struct ConnectTopologyContext
{
  /**
   * How many connections are left to create.
   */
  unsigned int remaining_connections;

  /**
   * Handle to group of peers.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * How long to try this connection before timing out.
   */
  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative connect_timeout;

  /**
   * How many times to retry connecting the two peers.
   */
  unsigned int connect_attempts;

  /**
   * Temp value set for each iteration.
   */
  //struct PeerData *first;

  /**
   * Notification that all peers are connected.
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion notify_connections_done;

  /**
   * Closure for notify.
   */
  void *notify_cls;
};

/**
 * Handle to a group of GNUnet peers.
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup
{
  /**
   * Configuration template.
   */
  const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg;

  /**
   * Function to call on each started daemon.
   */
  //GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyDaemonRunning cb;

  /**
   * Closure for cb.
   */
  //void *cb_cls;

  /*
   * Function to call on each topology connection created
   */
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyConnection notify_connection;

  /*
   * Callback for notify_connection
   */
  void *notify_connection_cls;

  /**
   * Array of information about hosts.
   */
  struct HostData *hosts;

  /**
   * Number of hosts (size of HostData)
   */
  unsigned int num_hosts;

  /**
   * Array of "total" peers.
   */
  struct PeerData *peers;

  /**
   * Number of peers in this group.
   */
  unsigned int total;

  /**
   * At what time should we fail the peer startup process?
   */
  struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute max_timeout;

  /**
   * How many peers are being started right now?
   */
  unsigned int starting;

  /**
   * How many peers have already been started?
   */
  unsigned int started;

  /**
   * Number of possible connections to peers
   * at a time.
   */
  unsigned int max_outstanding_connections;

  /**
   * Number of ssh connections to peers (max).
   */
  unsigned int max_concurrent_ssh;

  /**
   * Number of connects we are waiting on, allows us to rate limit
   * connect attempts.
   */
  unsigned int outstanding_connects;

  /**
   * Number of HELLOs we have yet to send.
   */
  unsigned int remaining_hellos;

  /**
   * How many connects have already been scheduled?
   */
  unsigned int total_connects_scheduled;

  /**
   * Hostkeys loaded from a file.
   */
  char *hostkey_data;

  /**
   * Head of DLL to keep track of the number of outstanding
   * ssh connections per peer.
   */
  struct OutstandingSSH *ssh_head;

  /**
   * Tail of DLL to keep track of the number of outstanding
   * ssh connections per peer.
   */
  struct OutstandingSSH *ssh_tail;

  /**
   * Stop scheduling peers connecting.
   */
  unsigned int stop_connects;

  /**
   * Connection context for peer group.
   */
  struct ConnectTopologyContext ct_ctx;
};

struct UpdateContext
{
  /**
   * The altered configuration.
   */
  struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *ret;

  /**
   * The original configuration to alter.
   */
  const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *orig;

  /**
   * The hostname that this peer will run on.
   */
  const char *hostname;

  /**
   * The next possible port to assign.
   */
  unsigned int nport;

  /**
   * Unique number for unix domain sockets.
   */
  unsigned int upnum;

  /**
   * Unique number for this peer/host to offset
   * things that are grouped by host.
   */
  unsigned int fdnum;
};

struct ConnectContext
{
  /**
   * Index of peer to connect second to.
   */
  uint32_t first_index;

  /**
   * Index of peer to connect first to.
   */
  uint32_t second_index;

  /**
   * Higher level topology connection context.
   */
  struct ConnectTopologyContext *ct_ctx;

  /**
   * Whether this connection has been accounted for in the schedule_connect call.
   */
  int counted;
};

struct UnblacklistContext
{
  /**
   * The peergroup
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * uid of the first peer
   */
  uint32_t first_uid;
};

struct RandomContext
{
  /**
   * The peergroup
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * uid of the first peer
   */
  uint32_t first_uid;

  /**
   * Peer data for first peer.
   */
  struct PeerData *first;

  /**
   * Random percentage to use
   */
  double percentage;
};

struct MinimumContext
{
  /**
   * The peergroup
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * uid of the first peer
   */
  uint32_t first_uid;

  /**
   * Peer data for first peer.
   */
  struct PeerData *first;

  /**
   * Number of conns per peer
   */
  unsigned int num_to_add;

  /**
   * Permuted array of all possible connections.  Only add the Nth
   * peer if it's in the Nth position.
   */
  unsigned int *pg_array;

  /**
   * What number is the current element we are iterating over?
   */
  unsigned int current;
};

struct DFSContext
{
  /**
   * The peergroup
   */
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  /**
   * uid of the first peer
   */
  uint32_t first_uid;

  /**
   * uid of the second peer
   */
  uint32_t second_uid;

  /**
   * Peer data for first peer.
   */
  struct PeerData *first;

  /**
   * Which peer has been chosen as the one to add?
   */
  unsigned int chosen;

  /**
   * What number is the current element we are iterating over?
   */
  unsigned int current;
};

/**
 * Simple struct to keep track of progress, and print a
 * nice little percentage meter for long running tasks.
 */
struct ProgressMeter
{
  unsigned int total;

  unsigned int modnum;

  unsigned int dotnum;

  unsigned int completed;

  int print;

  char *startup_string;
};

#if !OLD
/**
 * Convert unique ID to hash code.
 *
 * @param uid unique ID to convert
 * @param hash set to uid (extended with zeros)
 */
static void
hash_from_uid (uint32_t uid, GNUNET_HashCode * hash)
  {
    memset (hash, 0, sizeof (GNUNET_HashCode));
    *((uint32_t *) hash) = uid;
  }

/**
 * Convert hash code to unique ID.
 *
 * @param uid unique ID to convert
 * @param hash set to uid (extended with zeros)
 */
static void
uid_from_hash (const GNUNET_HashCode * hash, uint32_t * uid)
  {
    memcpy (uid, hash, sizeof (uint32_t));
  }
#endif

#if USE_SEND_HELLOS
static struct GNUNET_CORE_MessageHandler no_handlers[] =
  {
      { NULL, 0, 0}};
#endif

/**
 * Create a meter to keep track of the progress of some task.
 *
 * @param total the total number of items to complete
 * @param start_string a string to prefix the meter with (if printing)
 * @param print GNUNET_YES to print the meter, GNUNET_NO to count
 *              internally only
 *
 * @return the progress meter
 */
static struct ProgressMeter *
create_meter(unsigned int total, char * start_string, int print)
{
  struct ProgressMeter *ret;
  ret = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct ProgressMeter));
  ret->print = print;
  ret->total = total;
  ret->modnum = total / 4;
  if (ret->modnum == 0) /* Divide by zero check */
    ret->modnum = 1;
  ret->dotnum = (total / 50) + 1;
  if (start_string != NULL)
    ret->startup_string = GNUNET_strdup(start_string);
  else
    ret->startup_string = GNUNET_strdup("");

  return ret;
}

/**
 * Update progress meter (increment by one).
 *
 * @param meter the meter to update and print info for
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES if called the total requested,
 *         GNUNET_NO if more items expected
 */
static int
update_meter(struct ProgressMeter *meter)
{
  if (meter->print == GNUNET_YES)
    {
      if (meter->completed % meter->modnum == 0)
        {
          if (meter->completed == 0)
            {
              fprintf (stdout, "%sProgress: [0%%", meter->startup_string);
            }
          else
            fprintf (stdout, "%d%%", (int) (((float) meter->completed
                / meter->total) * 100));
        }
      else if (meter->completed % meter->dotnum == 0)
        fprintf (stdout, ".");

      if (meter->completed + 1 == meter->total)
        fprintf (stdout, "%d%%]\n", 100);
      fflush (stdout);
    }
  meter->completed++;

  if (meter->completed == meter->total)
    return GNUNET_YES;
  if (meter->completed > meter->total)
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Progress meter overflow!!\n");
  return GNUNET_NO;
}

/**
 * Reset progress meter.
 *
 * @param meter the meter to reset
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES if meter reset,
 *         GNUNET_SYSERR on error
 */
static int
reset_meter(struct ProgressMeter *meter)
{
  if (meter == NULL)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;

  meter->completed = 0;
  return GNUNET_YES;
}

/**
 * Release resources for meter
 *
 * @param meter the meter to free
 */
static void
free_meter(struct ProgressMeter *meter)
{
  GNUNET_free_non_null (meter->startup_string);
  GNUNET_free (meter);
}

/**
 * Get a topology from a string input.
 *
 * @param topology where to write the retrieved topology
 * @param topology_string The string to attempt to
 *        get a configuration value from
 * @return GNUNET_YES if topology string matched a
 *         known topology, GNUNET_NO if not
 */
int
GNUNET_TESTING_topology_get(enum GNUNET_TESTING_Topology *topology,
                            const char *topology_string)
{
  /**
   * Strings representing topologies in enum
   */
  static const char *topology_strings[] =
    {
    /**
     * A clique (everyone connected to everyone else).
     */
    "CLIQUE",

    /**
     * Small-world network (2d torus plus random links).
     */
    "SMALL_WORLD",

    /**
     * Small-world network (ring plus random links).
     */
    "SMALL_WORLD_RING",

    /**
     * Ring topology.
     */
    "RING",

    /**
     * 2-d torus.
     */
    "2D_TORUS",

    /**
     * Random graph.
     */
    "ERDOS_RENYI",

    /**
     * Certain percentage of peers are unable to communicate directly
     * replicating NAT conditions
     */
    "INTERNAT",

    /**
     * Scale free topology.
     */
    "SCALE_FREE",

    /**
     * Straight line topology.
     */
    "LINE",

    /**
     * All peers are disconnected.
     */
    "NONE",

    /**
     * Read the topology from a file.
     */
    "FROM_FILE",

    NULL };

  int curr = 0;
  if (topology_string == NULL)
    return GNUNET_NO;
  while (topology_strings[curr] != NULL)
    {
      if (strcasecmp (topology_strings[curr], topology_string) == 0)
        {
          *topology = curr;
          return GNUNET_YES;
        }
      curr++;
    }
  *topology = GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_NONE;
  return GNUNET_NO;
}

/**
 * Get connect topology option from string input.
 *
 * @param topology_option where to write the retrieved topology
 * @param topology_string The string to attempt to
 *        get a configuration value from
 * @return GNUNET_YES if string matched a known
 *         topology option, GNUNET_NO if not
 */
int
GNUNET_TESTING_topology_option_get(
                                   enum GNUNET_TESTING_TopologyOption *topology_option,
                                   const char *topology_string)
{
  /**
   * Options for connecting a topology as strings.
   */
  static const char *topology_option_strings[] =
    {
    /**
     * Try to connect all peers specified in the topology.
     */
    "CONNECT_ALL",

    /**
     * Choose a random subset of connections to create.
     */
    "CONNECT_RANDOM_SUBSET",

    /**
     * Create at least X connections for each peer.
     */
    "CONNECT_MINIMUM",

    /**
     * Using a depth first search, create one connection
     * per peer.  If any are missed (graph disconnected)
     * start over at those peers until all have at least one
     * connection.
     */
    "CONNECT_DFS",

    /**
     * Find the N closest peers to each allowed peer in the
     * topology and make sure a connection to those peers
     * exists in the connect topology.
     */
    "CONNECT_CLOSEST",

    /**
     * No options specified.
     */
    "CONNECT_NONE",

    NULL };
  int curr = 0;

  if (topology_string == NULL)
    return GNUNET_NO;
  while (NULL != topology_option_strings[curr])
    {
      if (strcasecmp (topology_option_strings[curr], topology_string) == 0)
        {
          *topology_option = curr;
          return GNUNET_YES;
        }
      curr++;
    }
  *topology_option = GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_OPTION_NONE;
  return GNUNET_NO;
}

/**
 * Function to iterate over options.  Copies
 * the options to the target configuration,
 * updating PORT values as needed.
 *
 * @param cls closure
 * @param section name of the section
 * @param option name of the option
 * @param value value of the option
 */
static void
update_config(void *cls, const char *section, const char *option,
              const char *value)
{
  struct UpdateContext *ctx = cls;
  unsigned int ival;
  char cval[12];
  char uval[128];
  char *single_variable;
  char *per_host_variable;
  unsigned long long num_per_host;

  GNUNET_asprintf (&single_variable, "single_%s_per_host", section);
  GNUNET_asprintf (&per_host_variable, "num_%s_per_host", section);

  if ((0 == strcmp (option, "PORT")) && (1 == sscanf (value, "%u", &ival)))
    {
      if ((ival != 0) && (GNUNET_YES
          != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_yesno (ctx->orig, "testing",
                                                   single_variable)))
        {
          GNUNET_snprintf (cval, sizeof(cval), "%u", ctx->nport++);
          value = cval;
        }
      else if ((ival != 0) && (GNUNET_YES
          == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_yesno (ctx->orig, "testing",
                                                   single_variable))
          && GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_number (ctx->orig, "testing",
                                                    per_host_variable,
                                                    &num_per_host))
        {
          GNUNET_snprintf (cval, sizeof(cval), "%u", ival + ctx->fdnum
              % num_per_host);
          value = cval;
        }

      /* FIXME: REMOVE FOREVER HACK HACK HACK */
      if (0 == strcasecmp (section, "transport-tcp"))
        GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (ctx->ret, section, "ADVERTISED_PORT", value);
    }

  if (0 == strcmp (option, "UNIXPATH"))
    {
      if (GNUNET_YES != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_yesno (ctx->orig,
                                                              "testing",
                                                              single_variable))
        {
          GNUNET_snprintf (uval, sizeof(uval), "/tmp/test-service-%s-%u",
                           section, ctx->upnum++);
          value = uval;
        }
      else if ((GNUNET_YES
          == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_number (ctx->orig, "testing",
                                                    per_host_variable,
                                                    &num_per_host))
          && (num_per_host > 0))

        {
          GNUNET_snprintf (uval, sizeof(uval), "/tmp/test-service-%s-%u",
                           section, ctx->fdnum % num_per_host);
          value = uval;
        }
    }

  if ((0 == strcmp (option, "HOSTNAME")) && (ctx->hostname != NULL))
    {
      value = ctx->hostname;
    }
  GNUNET_free (single_variable);
  GNUNET_free (per_host_variable);
  GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (ctx->ret, section, option, value);
}

/**
 * Create a new configuration using the given configuration
 * as a template; however, each PORT in the existing cfg
 * must be renumbered by incrementing "*port".  If we run
 * out of "*port" numbers, return NULL.
 *
 * @param cfg template configuration
 * @param off the current peer offset
 * @param port port numbers to use, update to reflect
 *             port numbers that were used
 * @param upnum number to make unix domain socket names unique
 * @param hostname hostname of the controlling host, to allow control connections from
 * @param fdnum number used to offset the unix domain socket for grouped processes
 *              (such as statistics or peerinfo, which can be shared among others)
 *
 * @return new configuration, NULL on error
 */
static struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *
make_config(const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg, uint32_t off,
            uint16_t * port, uint32_t * upnum, const char *hostname,
            uint32_t * fdnum)
{
  struct UpdateContext uc;
  uint16_t orig;
  char *control_host;
  char *allowed_hosts;
  unsigned long long skew_variance;
  unsigned long long skew_offset;
  long long actual_offset;

  orig = *port;
  uc.nport = *port;
  uc.upnum = *upnum;
  uc.fdnum = *fdnum;
  uc.ret = GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_create ();
  uc.hostname = hostname;
  uc.orig = cfg;

  GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_iterate (cfg, &update_config, &uc);
  if (uc.nport >= HIGH_PORT)
    {
      *port = orig;
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_destroy (uc.ret);
      return NULL;
    }

  if ((GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_number (cfg, "testing",
                                                           "skew_variance",
                                                           &skew_variance))
      && (skew_variance > 0))
    {
      skew_offset = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64(GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK, skew_variance + 1);
      actual_offset = skew_offset - GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64(GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK, skew_variance + 1);
      /* Min is -skew_variance, Max is skew_variance */
      skew_offset = skew_variance + actual_offset; /* Normal distribution around 0 */
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_number(uc.ret, "testing", "skew_offset", skew_offset);
    }

  if (GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg, "testing", "control_host",
                                             &control_host) == GNUNET_OK)
    {
      if (hostname != NULL)
        GNUNET_asprintf (&allowed_hosts, "%s; 127.0.0.1; %s;", control_host,
                         hostname);
      else
        GNUNET_asprintf (&allowed_hosts, "%s; 127.0.0.1;", control_host);

      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "core", "ACCEPT_FROM",
                                             allowed_hosts);

      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nse", "ACCEPT_FROM",
                                             allowed_hosts);

      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport",
                                             "ACCEPT_FROM", allowed_hosts);
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "dht", "ACCEPT_FROM",
                                             allowed_hosts);
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "statistics",
                                             "ACCEPT_FROM", allowed_hosts);

      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "core", "UNIXPATH", "");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport", "UNIXPATH",
                                             "");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "dht", "UNIXPATH", "");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "statistics", "UNIXPATH",
                                             "");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nse", "UNIXPATH", "");

      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport-tcp", "USE_LOCALADDR",
                                             "YES");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport-udp", "USE_LOCALADDR",
                                             "YES");
      GNUNET_free_non_null (control_host);
      GNUNET_free (allowed_hosts);
    }

  /* arm needs to know to allow connections from the host on which it is running,
   * otherwise gnunet-arm is unable to connect to it in some instances */
  if (hostname != NULL)
    {
      GNUNET_asprintf (&allowed_hosts, "%s; 127.0.0.1;", hostname);
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nat", "BINDTO",
                                             hostname);
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nat", "INTERNAL_ADDRESS",
                                             hostname);
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nat", "EXTERNAL_ADDRESS",
                                             hostname);
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "disablev6", "BINDTO",
                                             "YES");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport-tcp", "USE_LOCALADDR",
                                             "YES");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport-udp", "USE_LOCALADDR",
                                             "YES");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "arm", "ACCEPT_FROM",
                                             allowed_hosts);
      GNUNET_free (allowed_hosts);
    }
  else
    {
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport-tcp", "USE_LOCALADDR",
                                             "YES");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "transport-udp", "USE_LOCALADDR",
                                             "YES");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nat", "BINDTO",
                                             "127.0.0.1");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nat", "INTERNAL_ADDRESS",
                                             "127.0.0.1");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "nat", "EXTERNAL_ADDRESS",
                                             "127.0.0.1");
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (uc.ret, "disablev6", "BINDTO",
                                             "YES");
    }

  *port = (uint16_t) uc.nport;
  *upnum = uc.upnum;
  uc.fdnum++;
  *fdnum = uc.fdnum;
  return uc.ret;
}

/*
 * Remove entries from the peer connection list
 *
 * @param pg the peer group we are working with
 * @param first index of the first peer
 * @param second index of the second peer
 * @param list the peer list to use
 * @param check UNUSED
 *
 * @return the number of connections added (can be 0, 1 or 2)
 *
 */
static unsigned int
remove_connections(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg, unsigned int first,
                   unsigned int second, enum PeerLists list, unsigned int check)
{
  int removed;
#if OLD
  struct PeerConnection **first_list;
  struct PeerConnection **second_list;
  struct PeerConnection *first_iter;
  struct PeerConnection *second_iter;
  struct PeerConnection **first_tail;
  struct PeerConnection **second_tail;

#else
  GNUNET_HashCode hash_first;
  GNUNET_HashCode hash_second;

  hash_from_uid (first, &hash_first);
  hash_from_uid (second, &hash_second);
#endif

  removed = 0;
#if OLD
  switch (list)
    {
  case ALLOWED:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].allowed_peers_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].allowed_peers_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].allowed_peers_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].allowed_peers_tail;
    break;
  case CONNECT:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_tail;
    break;
  case BLACKLIST:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].blacklisted_peers_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].blacklisted_peers_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].blacklisted_peers_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].blacklisted_peers_tail;
    break;
  case WORKING_SET:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_working_set_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_working_set_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_working_set_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_working_set_tail;
    break;
  default:
    GNUNET_break(0);
    return 0;
    }

  first_iter = *first_list;
  while (first_iter != NULL)
    {
      if (first_iter->index == second)
        {
          GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(*first_list, *first_tail, first_iter);
          GNUNET_free(first_iter);
          removed++;
          break;
        }
      first_iter = first_iter->next;
    }

  second_iter = *second_list;
  while (second_iter != NULL)
    {
      if (second_iter->index == first)
        {
          GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(*second_list, *second_tail, second_iter);
          GNUNET_free(second_iter);
          removed++;
          break;
        }
      second_iter = second_iter->next;
    }
#else
  if (GNUNET_YES ==
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_contains (pg->peers[first].blacklisted_peers,
          &hash_second))
    {
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_remove_all (pg->peers[first].blacklisted_peers,
          &hash_second);
    }

  if (GNUNET_YES ==
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_contains (pg->peers[second].blacklisted_peers,
          &hash_first))
    {
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_remove_all (pg->peers[second].blacklisted_peers,
          &hash_first);
    }
#endif

  return removed;
}

/*
 * Add entries to the some list
 *
 * @param pg the peer group we are working with
 * @param first index of the first peer
 * @param second index of the second peer
 * @param list the list type that we should modify
 * @param check GNUNET_YES to check lists before adding
 *              GNUNET_NO to force add
 *
 * @return the number of connections added (can be 0, 1 or 2)
 *
 */
static unsigned int
add_connections(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg, unsigned int first,
                unsigned int second, enum PeerLists list, unsigned int check)
{
  int added;
  int add_first;
  int add_second;

  struct PeerConnection **first_list;
  struct PeerConnection **second_list;
  struct PeerConnection *first_iter;
  struct PeerConnection *second_iter;
  struct PeerConnection *new_first;
  struct PeerConnection *new_second;
  struct PeerConnection **first_tail;
  struct PeerConnection **second_tail;

  switch (list)
    {
  case ALLOWED:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].allowed_peers_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].allowed_peers_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].allowed_peers_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].allowed_peers_tail;
    break;
  case CONNECT:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_tail;
    break;
  case BLACKLIST:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].blacklisted_peers_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].blacklisted_peers_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].blacklisted_peers_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].blacklisted_peers_tail;
    break;
  case WORKING_SET:
    first_list = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_working_set_head;
    second_list = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_working_set_head;
    first_tail = &pg->peers[first].connect_peers_working_set_tail;
    second_tail = &pg->peers[second].connect_peers_working_set_tail;
    break;
  default:
    GNUNET_break(0);
    return 0;
    }

  add_first = GNUNET_YES;
  add_second = GNUNET_YES;

  if (check == GNUNET_YES)
    {
      first_iter = *first_list;
      while (first_iter != NULL)
        {
          if (first_iter->index == second)
            {
              add_first = GNUNET_NO;
              break;
            }
          first_iter = first_iter->next;
        }

      second_iter = *second_list;
      while (second_iter != NULL)
        {
          if (second_iter->index == first)
            {
              add_second = GNUNET_NO;
              break;
            }
          second_iter = second_iter->next;
        }
    }

  added = 0;
  if (add_first)
    {
      new_first = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct PeerConnection));
      new_first->index = second;
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert(*first_list, *first_tail, new_first);
      pg->peers[first].num_connections++;
      added++;
    }

  if (add_second)
    {
      new_second = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct PeerConnection));
      new_second->index = first;
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert(*second_list, *second_tail, new_second);
      pg->peers[second].num_connections++;
      added++;
    }

  return added;
}

/**
 * Scale free network construction as described in:
 *
 * "Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks." Science 286, 509-512, 1999.
 *
 * Start with a network of "one" peer, then progressively add
 * peers up to the total number.  At each step, iterate over
 * all possible peers and connect new peer based on number of
 * existing connections of the target peer.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group we are dealing with
 * @param proc the connection processor to use
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections created
 */
static unsigned int
create_scale_free(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                  GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
{

  unsigned int total_connections;
  unsigned int outer_count;
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int previous_total_connections;
  double random;
  double probability;

  GNUNET_assert (pg->total > 1);

  /* Add a connection between the first two nodes */
  total_connections = proc (pg, 0, 1, list, GNUNET_YES);

  for (outer_count = 1; outer_count < pg->total; outer_count++)
    {
      previous_total_connections = total_connections;
      for (i = 0; i < outer_count; i++)
        {
          probability = pg->peers[i].num_connections
              / (double) previous_total_connections;
          random
              = ((double) GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                    UINT64_MAX))
                  / ((double) UINT64_MAX);
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              "Considering connecting peer %d to peer %d\n",
              outer_count, i);
#endif
          if (random < probability)
            {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                  "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n", outer_count, i);
#endif
              total_connections += proc (pg, outer_count, i, list, GNUNET_YES);
            }
        }
    }

  return total_connections;
}

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.  Creates a small world topology
 * according to the rewired ring construction.  The basic
 * behavior is that a ring topology is created, but with some
 * probability instead of connecting a peer to the next
 * neighbor in the ring a connection will be created to a peer
 * selected uniformly at random.   We use the TESTING
 * PERCENTAGE option to specify what number of
 * connections each peer should have.  Default is 2,
 * which makes the ring, any given number is multiplied by
 * the log of the network size; i.e. a PERCENTAGE of 2 makes
 * each peer have on average 2logn connections.  The additional
 * connections are made at increasing distance around the ring
 * from the original peer, or to random peers based on the re-
 * wiring probability. The TESTING
 * PROBABILITY option is used as the probability that a given
 * connection is rewired.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_small_world_ring(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                        GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc,
                        enum PeerLists list)
{
  unsigned int i, j;
  int nodeToConnect;
  unsigned int natLog;
  unsigned int randomPeer;
  double random, logNModifier, probability;
  unsigned int smallWorldConnections;
  int connsPerPeer;
  char *p_string;
  int max;
  int min;
  unsigned int useAnd;
  int connect_attempts;

  logNModifier = 0.5; /* FIXME: default value? */
  if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "PERCENTAGE",
                                                          &p_string))
    {
      if (sscanf (p_string, "%lf", &logNModifier) != 1)
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _
                    ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': expected float\n"),
                    p_string, "LOGNMODIFIER", "TESTING");
      GNUNET_free (p_string);
    }
  probability = 0.5; /* FIXME: default percentage? */
  if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "PROBABILITY",
                                                          &p_string))
    {
      if (sscanf (p_string, "%lf", &probability) != 1)
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _
                    ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': expected float\n"),
                    p_string, "PERCENTAGE", "TESTING");
      GNUNET_free (p_string);
    }
  natLog = log (pg->total);
  connsPerPeer = ceil (natLog * logNModifier);

  if (connsPerPeer % 2 == 1)
    connsPerPeer += 1;

  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _("Target is %d connections per peer."),
              connsPerPeer);

  smallWorldConnections = 0;
  connect_attempts = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      useAnd = 0;
      max = i + connsPerPeer / 2;
      min = i - connsPerPeer / 2;

      if (max > pg->total - 1)
        {
          max = max - pg->total;
          useAnd = 1;
        }

      if (min < 0)
        {
          min = pg->total - 1 + min;
          useAnd = 1;
        }

      for (j = 0; j < connsPerPeer / 2; j++)
        {
          random
              = ((double) GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                    UINT64_MAX)
                  / ((double) UINT64_MAX));
          if (random < probability)
            {
              /* Connect to uniformly selected random peer */
              randomPeer
                  = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                              pg->total);
              while ((((randomPeer < max) && (randomPeer > min)) && (useAnd
                  == 0)) || (((randomPeer > min) || (randomPeer < max))
                  && (useAnd == 1)))
                {
                  randomPeer
                      = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                  pg->total);
                }
              smallWorldConnections += proc (pg, i, randomPeer, list,
                                             GNUNET_YES);
            }
          else
            {
              nodeToConnect = i + j + 1;
              if (nodeToConnect > pg->total - 1)
                {
                  nodeToConnect = nodeToConnect - pg->total;
                }
              connect_attempts += proc (pg, i, nodeToConnect, list, GNUNET_YES);
            }
        }

    }

  connect_attempts += smallWorldConnections;

  return connect_attempts;
}

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_nated_internet(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                      GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc,
                      enum PeerLists list)
{
  unsigned int outer_count, inner_count;
  unsigned int cutoff;
  int connect_attempts;
  double nat_percentage;
  char *p_string;

  nat_percentage = 0.6; /* FIXME: default percentage? */
  if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "PERCENTAGE",
                                                          &p_string))
    {
      if (sscanf (p_string, "%lf", &nat_percentage) != 1)
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _
                    ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': expected float\n"),
                    p_string, "PERCENTAGE", "TESTING");
      GNUNET_free (p_string);
    }

  cutoff = (unsigned int) (nat_percentage * pg->total);
  connect_attempts = 0;
  for (outer_count = 0; outer_count < pg->total - 1; outer_count++)
    {
      for (inner_count = outer_count + 1; inner_count < pg->total; inner_count++)
        {
          if ((outer_count > cutoff) || (inner_count > cutoff))
            {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                  "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n",
                  outer_count, inner_count);
#endif
              connect_attempts += proc (pg, outer_count, inner_count, list,
                                        GNUNET_YES);
            }
        }
    }
  return connect_attempts;
}

#if TOPOLOGY_HACK
/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_nated_internet_copy(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                           GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc,
                           enum PeerLists list)
{
  unsigned int outer_count, inner_count;
  unsigned int cutoff;
  int connect_attempts;
  double nat_percentage;
  char *p_string;
  unsigned int count;
  struct ProgressMeter *conn_meter;

  nat_percentage = 0.6; /* FIXME: default percentage? */
  if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "PERCENTAGE",
                                                          &p_string))
    {
      if (sscanf (p_string, "%lf", &nat_percentage) != 1)
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _
                    ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': expected float\n"),
                    p_string, "PERCENTAGE", "TESTING");
      GNUNET_free (p_string);
    }

  cutoff = (unsigned int) (nat_percentage * pg->total);
  count = 0;
  for (outer_count = 0; outer_count < pg->total - 1; outer_count++)
    {
      for (inner_count = outer_count + 1; inner_count < pg->total; inner_count++)
        {
          if ((outer_count > cutoff) || (inner_count > cutoff))
            {
              count++;
            }
        }
    }
  conn_meter = create_meter (count, "NAT COPY", GNUNET_YES);
  connect_attempts = 0;
  for (outer_count = 0; outer_count < pg->total - 1; outer_count++)
    {
      for (inner_count = outer_count + 1; inner_count < pg->total; inner_count++)
        {
          if ((outer_count > cutoff) || (inner_count > cutoff))
            {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                  "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n",
                  outer_count, inner_count);
#endif
              connect_attempts += proc (pg, outer_count, inner_count, list,
                                        GNUNET_YES);
              add_connections (pg, outer_count, inner_count, ALLOWED, GNUNET_NO);
              update_meter (conn_meter);
            }
        }
    }
  free_meter (conn_meter);

  return connect_attempts;
}
#endif

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_small_world(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                   GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
{
  unsigned int i, j, k;
  unsigned int square;
  unsigned int rows;
  unsigned int cols;
  unsigned int toggle = 1;
  unsigned int nodeToConnect;
  unsigned int natLog;
  unsigned int node1Row;
  unsigned int node1Col;
  unsigned int node2Row;
  unsigned int node2Col;
  unsigned int distance;
  double probability, random, percentage;
  unsigned int smallWorldConnections;
  unsigned int small_world_it;
  char *p_string;
  int connect_attempts;
  square = floor (sqrt (pg->total));
  rows = square;
  cols = square;

  percentage = 0.5; /* FIXME: default percentage? */
  if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "PERCENTAGE",
                                                          &p_string))
    {
      if (sscanf (p_string, "%lf", &percentage) != 1)
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _
                    ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': expected float\n"),
                    p_string, "PERCENTAGE", "TESTING");
      GNUNET_free (p_string);
    }
  if (percentage < 0.0)
    {
      GNUNET_log (
                  GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  _
                  ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': got %f, needed value greater than 0\n"),
                  "PERCENTAGE", "TESTING", percentage);
      percentage = 0.5;
    }
  probability = 0.5; /* FIXME: default percentage? */
  if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "PROBABILITY",
                                                          &p_string))
    {
      if (sscanf (p_string, "%lf", &probability) != 1)
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _
                    ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': expected float\n"),
                    p_string, "PROBABILITY", "TESTING");
      GNUNET_free (p_string);
    }
  if (square * square != pg->total)
    {
      while (rows * cols < pg->total)
        {
          if (toggle % 2 == 0)
            rows++;
          else
            cols++;

          toggle++;
        }
    }
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
      _
      ("Connecting nodes in 2d torus topology: %u rows %u columns\n"),
      rows, cols);
#endif

  connect_attempts = 0;
  /* Rows and columns are all sorted out, now iterate over all nodes and connect each
   * to the node to its right and above.  Once this is over, we'll have our torus!
   * Special case for the last node (if the rows and columns are not equal), connect
   * to the first in the row to maintain topology.
   */
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      /* First connect to the node to the right */
      if (((i + 1) % cols != 0) && (i + 1 != pg->total))
        nodeToConnect = i + 1;
      else if (i + 1 == pg->total)
        nodeToConnect = rows * cols - cols;
      else
        nodeToConnect = i - cols + 1;

      connect_attempts += proc (pg, i, nodeToConnect, list, GNUNET_YES);

      if (i < cols)
        {
          nodeToConnect = (rows * cols) - cols + i;
          if (nodeToConnect >= pg->total)
            nodeToConnect -= cols;
        }
      else
        nodeToConnect = i - cols;

      if (nodeToConnect < pg->total)
        connect_attempts += proc (pg, i, nodeToConnect, list, GNUNET_YES);
    }
  natLog = log (pg->total);
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
      _("natural log of %d is %d, will run %d iterations\n"),
      pg->total, natLog, (int) (natLog * percentage));
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
      _("Total connections added thus far: %u!\n"), connect_attempts);
#endif
  smallWorldConnections = 0;
  small_world_it = (unsigned int) (natLog * percentage);
  if (small_world_it < 1)
    small_world_it = 1;
  GNUNET_assert (small_world_it > 0 && small_world_it < (unsigned int) -1);
  for (i = 0; i < small_world_it; i++)
    {
      for (j = 0; j < pg->total; j++)
        {
          /* Determine the row and column of node at position j on the 2d torus */
          node1Row = j / cols;
          node1Col = j - (node1Row * cols);
          for (k = 0; k < pg->total; k++)
            {
              /* Determine the row and column of node at position k on the 2d torus */
              node2Row = k / cols;
              node2Col = k - (node2Row * cols);
              /* Simple Cartesian distance */
              distance = abs (node1Row - node2Row) + abs (node1Col - node2Col);
              if (distance > 1)
                {
                  /* Calculate probability as 1 over the square of the distance */
                  probability = 1.0 / (distance * distance);
                  /* Choose a random value between 0 and 1 */
                  random
                      = ((double) GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (
                                                            GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                            UINT64_MAX))
                          / ((double) UINT64_MAX);
                  /* If random < probability, then connect the two nodes */
                  if (random < probability)
                    smallWorldConnections += proc (pg, j, k, list, GNUNET_YES);

                }
            }
        }
    }
  connect_attempts += smallWorldConnections;
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
      _("Total connections added for small world: %d!\n"),
      smallWorldConnections);
#endif
  return connect_attempts;
}

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_erdos_renyi(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                   GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
{
  double temp_rand;
  unsigned int outer_count;
  unsigned int inner_count;
  int connect_attempts;
  double probability;
  char *p_string;

  probability = 0.5; /* FIXME: default percentage? */
  if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "PROBABILITY",
                                                          &p_string))
    {
      if (sscanf (p_string, "%lf", &probability) != 1)
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _
                    ("Invalid value `%s' for option `%s' in section `%s': expected float\n"),
                    p_string, "PROBABILITY", "TESTING");
      GNUNET_free (p_string);
    }
  connect_attempts = 0;
  for (outer_count = 0; outer_count < pg->total - 1; outer_count++)
    {
      for (inner_count = outer_count + 1; inner_count < pg->total; inner_count++)
        {
          temp_rand
              = ((double) GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                    UINT64_MAX))
                  / ((double) UINT64_MAX);
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("rand is %f probability is %f\n"), temp_rand,
              probability);
#endif
          if (temp_rand < probability)
            {
              connect_attempts += proc (pg, outer_count, inner_count, list,
                                        GNUNET_YES);
            }
        }
    }

  return connect_attempts;
}

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.  This particular function creates
 * the connections for a 2d-torus, plus additional "closest"
 * connections per peer.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_2d_torus(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
{
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int square;
  unsigned int rows;
  unsigned int cols;
  unsigned int toggle = 1;
  unsigned int nodeToConnect;
  int connect_attempts;

  connect_attempts = 0;

  square = floor (sqrt (pg->total));
  rows = square;
  cols = square;

  if (square * square != pg->total)
    {
      while (rows * cols < pg->total)
        {
          if (toggle % 2 == 0)
            rows++;
          else
            cols++;

          toggle++;
        }
    }
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
      _
      ("Connecting nodes in 2d torus topology: %u rows %u columns\n"),
      rows, cols);
#endif
  /* Rows and columns are all sorted out, now iterate over all nodes and connect each
   * to the node to its right and above.  Once this is over, we'll have our torus!
   * Special case for the last node (if the rows and columns are not equal), connect
   * to the first in the row to maintain topology.
   */
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      /* First connect to the node to the right */
      if (((i + 1) % cols != 0) && (i + 1 != pg->total))
        nodeToConnect = i + 1;
      else if (i + 1 == pg->total)
        nodeToConnect = rows * cols - cols;
      else
        nodeToConnect = i - cols + 1;
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
          "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n", i, nodeToConnect);
#endif
      connect_attempts += proc (pg, i, nodeToConnect, list, GNUNET_YES);

      /* Second connect to the node immediately above */
      if (i < cols)
        {
          nodeToConnect = (rows * cols) - cols + i;
          if (nodeToConnect >= pg->total)
            nodeToConnect -= cols;
        }
      else
        nodeToConnect = i - cols;

      if (nodeToConnect < pg->total)
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n", i, nodeToConnect);
#endif
          connect_attempts += proc (pg, i, nodeToConnect, list, GNUNET_YES);
        }

    }

  return connect_attempts;
}

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 * @param check does the connection processor need to check before
 *              performing an action on the list?
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_clique(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
              GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list,
              unsigned int check)
{
  unsigned int outer_count;
  unsigned int inner_count;
  int connect_attempts;
  struct ProgressMeter *conn_meter;
  connect_attempts = 0;

  conn_meter = create_meter ((((pg->total * pg->total) + pg->total) / 2)
      - pg->total, "Create Clique ", GNUNET_NO);
  for (outer_count = 0; outer_count < pg->total - 1; outer_count++)
    {
      for (inner_count = outer_count + 1; inner_count < pg->total; inner_count++)
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n",
              outer_count, inner_count);
#endif
          connect_attempts += proc (pg, outer_count, inner_count, list, check);
          update_meter (conn_meter);
        }
    }
  reset_meter (conn_meter);
  free_meter (conn_meter);
  return connect_attempts;
}

#if !OLD
/**
 * Iterator over hash map entries.
 *
 * @param cls closure the peer group
 * @param key the key stored in the hashmap is the
 *            index of the peer to connect to
 * @param value value in the hash map, handle to the peer daemon
 * @return GNUNET_YES if we should continue to
 *         iterate,
 *         GNUNET_NO if not.
 */
static int
unblacklist_iterator (void *cls,
    const GNUNET_HashCode * key,
    void *value)
  {
    struct UnblacklistContext *un_ctx = cls;
    uint32_t second_pos;

    uid_from_hash (key, &second_pos);

    unblacklist_connections(un_ctx->pg, un_ctx->first_uid, second_pos);

    return GNUNET_YES;
  }
#endif

#if !OLD
/**
 * Create a blacklist topology based on the allowed topology
 * which disallows any connections not in the allowed topology
 * at the transport level.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to allow
 *        up connections between two peers
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
copy_allowed (struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
              GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc)
{
  unsigned int count;
  unsigned int total;
  struct PeerConnection *iter;
#if !OLD
  struct UnblacklistContext un_ctx;

  un_ctx.pg = pg;
#endif
  total = 0;
  for (count = 0; count < pg->total - 1; count++)
    {
#if OLD
      iter = pg->peers[count].allowed_peers_head;
      while (iter != NULL)
        {
          remove_connections (pg, count, iter->index, BLACKLIST, GNUNET_YES);
          //unblacklist_connections(pg, count, iter->index);
          iter = iter->next;
        }
#else
      un_ctx.first_uid = count;
      total += GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate(pg->peers[count].allowed_peers, 
                                                     &unblacklist_iterator,
                                                     &un_ctx);
#endif
    }
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, 
              "Unblacklisted %u peers\n", 
              total);
  return total;
}
#endif

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list which list should be modified
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_line(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
            GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
{
  unsigned int count;
  unsigned int connect_attempts;

  connect_attempts = 0;
  /* Connect each peer to the next highest numbered peer */
  for (count = 0; count < pg->total - 1; count++)
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                  "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n", 
                  count, count + 1);
#endif
      connect_attempts += proc (pg, count, count + 1, list, GNUNET_YES);
    }

  return connect_attempts;
}

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param filename the file to read topology information from
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_from_file(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg, char *filename,
                 GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
{
  int connect_attempts;
  unsigned int first_peer_index;
  unsigned int second_peer_index;
  struct stat frstat;
  int count;
  char *data;
  const char *buf;
  unsigned int total_peers;
  enum States curr_state;

  connect_attempts = 0;
  if (GNUNET_OK != GNUNET_DISK_file_test (filename))
    GNUNET_DISK_fn_write (filename, NULL, 0, GNUNET_DISK_PERM_USER_READ);

  if ((0 != STAT (filename, &frstat)) || (frstat.st_size == 0))
    {
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                  "Could not open file `%s' specified for topology!", filename);
      return connect_attempts;
    }

  data = GNUNET_malloc_large (frstat.st_size);
  GNUNET_assert(data != NULL);
  if (frstat.st_size != GNUNET_DISK_fn_read (filename, data, frstat.st_size))
    {
      GNUNET_log (
                  GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                  "Could not read file %s specified for host list, ending test!",
                  filename);
      GNUNET_free (data);
      return connect_attempts;
    }

  buf = data;
  count = 0;
  first_peer_index = 0;
  /* First line should contain a single integer, specifying the number of peers */
  /* Each subsequent line should contain this format PEER_INDEX:OTHER_PEER_INDEX[,...] */
  curr_state = NUM_PEERS;
  while (count < frstat.st_size - 1)
    {
      if ((buf[count] == '\n') || (buf[count] == ' '))
        {
          count++;
          continue;
        }

      switch (curr_state)
        {
        case NUM_PEERS:
          errno = 0;
          total_peers = strtoul(&buf[count], NULL, 10);
          if (errno != 0)
            {
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                          "Failed to read number of peers from topology file!\n");
              GNUNET_free (data);
              return connect_attempts;
            }
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                      "Read %u total peers in topology\n", total_peers);
          GNUNET_assert(total_peers == pg->total);
          curr_state = PEER_INDEX;
          while ((buf[count] != '\n') && (count < frstat.st_size - 1))
            count++;
          count++;
          break;
        case PEER_INDEX:
          errno = 0;
          first_peer_index = strtoul(&buf[count], NULL, 10);
          if (errno != 0)
            {
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                          "Failed to read peer index from topology file!\n");
              GNUNET_free (data);
              return connect_attempts;
            }
          while ((buf[count] != ':') && (count < frstat.st_size - 1))
            count++;
          count++;
          curr_state = OTHER_PEER_INDEX;
          break;
        case COLON:
          if (1 == sscanf (&buf[count], ":"))
            curr_state = OTHER_PEER_INDEX;
          count++;
          break;
        case OTHER_PEER_INDEX:
          errno = 0;
          second_peer_index = strtoul(&buf[count], NULL, 10);
          if (errno != 0)
            {
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                          "Failed to peer index from topology file!\n");
              GNUNET_free (data);
              return connect_attempts;
            }
          /* Assume file is written with first peer 1, but array index is 0 */
          connect_attempts += proc (pg, first_peer_index - 1, second_peer_index
                                    - 1, list, GNUNET_YES);
          while ((buf[count] != '\n') && (buf[count] != ',') && (count
                                                                 < frstat.st_size - 1))
            count++;
          if (buf[count] == '\n')
            {
              curr_state = PEER_INDEX;
            }
          else if (buf[count] != ',')
            {
              curr_state = OTHER_PEER_INDEX;
            }
          count++;
          break;
        default:
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                      "Found bad data in topology file while in state %d!\n",
                      curr_state);
          GNUNET_break(0);
          GNUNET_free (data);
          return connect_attempts;
        }
    }
  GNUNET_free (data);
  return connect_attempts;
}

/**
 * Create a topology given a peer group (set of running peers)
 * and a connection processor.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to create the topology on
 * @param proc the connection processor to call to actually set
 *        up connections between two peers
 * @param list the peer list to use
 *
 * @return the number of connections that were set up
 *
 */
static unsigned int
create_ring(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
            GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
{
  unsigned int count;
  int connect_attempts;

  connect_attempts = 0;

  /* Connect each peer to the next highest numbered peer */
  for (count = 0; count < pg->total - 1; count++)
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
          "Connecting peer %d to peer %d\n", count, count + 1);
#endif
      connect_attempts += proc (pg, count, count + 1, list, GNUNET_YES);
    }

  /* Connect the last peer to the first peer */
  connect_attempts += proc (pg, pg->total - 1, 0, list, GNUNET_YES);

  return connect_attempts;
}

#if !OLD
/**
 * Iterator for writing friends of a peer to a file.
 *
 * @param cls closure, an open writable file handle
 * @param key the key the daemon was stored under
 * @param value the GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon that needs to be written.
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES to continue iteration
 *
 * TODO: Could replace friend_file_iterator and blacklist_file_iterator
 *       with a single file_iterator that takes a closure which contains
 *       the prefix to write before the peer.  Then this could be used
 *       for blacklisting multiple transports and writing the friend
 *       file.  I'm sure *someone* will complain loudly about other
 *       things that negate these functions even existing so no point in
 *       "fixing" now.
 */
static int
friend_file_iterator (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    FILE *temp_friend_handle = cls;
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *peer = value;
    struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *temppeer;
    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded peer_enc;

    temppeer = &peer->id;
    GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_enc (&temppeer->hashPubKey, &peer_enc);
    fprintf (temp_friend_handle, "%s\n", (char *) &peer_enc);

    return GNUNET_YES;
  }

struct BlacklistContext
  {
    /*
     * The (open) file handle to write to
     */
    FILE *temp_file_handle;

    /*
     * The transport that this peer will be blacklisted on.
     */
    char *transport;
  };

/**
 * Iterator for writing blacklist data to appropriate files.
 *
 * @param cls closure, an open writable file handle
 * @param key the key the daemon was stored under
 * @param value the GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon that needs to be written.
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES to continue iteration
 */
static int
blacklist_file_iterator (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    struct BlacklistContext *blacklist_ctx = cls;
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *peer = value;
    struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *temppeer;
    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded peer_enc;

    temppeer = &peer->id;
    GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_enc (&temppeer->hashPubKey, &peer_enc);
    GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "Writing entry %s:%s to file\n", blacklist_ctx->transport, (char *) &peer_enc);
    fprintf (blacklist_ctx->temp_file_handle, "%s:%s\n",
        blacklist_ctx->transport, (char *) &peer_enc);

    return GNUNET_YES;
  }
#endif

/*
 * Create the friend files based on the PeerConnection's
 * of each peer in the peer group, and copy the files
 * to the appropriate place
 *
 * @param pg the peer group we are dealing with
 */
static int
create_and_copy_friend_files(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  FILE *temp_friend_handle;
  unsigned int pg_iter;
  char *temp_service_path;
  struct GNUNET_OS_Process **procarr;
  char *arg;
  char *mytemp;
#if NOT_STUPID
  enum GNUNET_OS_ProcessStatusType type;
  unsigned long return_code;
  int count;
  int max_wait = 10;
#endif
  int ret;

  ret = GNUNET_OK;
#if OLD
  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded peer_enc;
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
#endif
  procarr = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct GNUNET_OS_Process *) * pg->total);
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      mytemp = GNUNET_DISK_mktemp ("friends");
      GNUNET_assert (mytemp != NULL);
      temp_friend_handle = fopen (mytemp, "wt");
      GNUNET_assert (temp_friend_handle != NULL);
#if OLD
      conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].allowed_peers_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_enc (
                                     &pg->peers[conn_iter->index].daemon->id.hashPubKey,
                                     &peer_enc);
          fprintf (temp_friend_handle, "%s\n", (char *) &peer_enc);
          conn_iter = conn_iter->next;
        }
#else
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate (pg->peers[pg_iter].allowed_peers,
          &friend_file_iterator,
          temp_friend_handle);
#endif
      fclose (temp_friend_handle);

      if (GNUNET_OK
          != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->peers[pg_iter]. 
                                                    daemon->cfg,
                                                    "PATHS", "SERVICEHOME",
                                                    &temp_service_path))
        {
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                      _("No `%s' specified in peer configuration in section `%s', cannot copy friends file!\n"),
                      "SERVICEHOME", "PATHS");
          if (UNLINK (mytemp) != 0)
            GNUNET_log_strerror_file (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                                      "unlink",
                                      mytemp);
          GNUNET_free (mytemp);
          break;
        }

      if (pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->hostname == NULL) /* Local, just copy the file */
        {
          GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s/friends", temp_service_path);
          procarr[pg_iter] = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL, "mv", "mv",
                                                      mytemp, arg, NULL);
          GNUNET_assert(procarr[pg_iter] != NULL);
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                      "Copying file with command cp %s %s\n", 
                      mytemp, 
                      arg);
#endif
          ret = GNUNET_OS_process_wait (procarr[pg_iter]); /* FIXME: schedule this, throttle! */
          GNUNET_OS_process_close (procarr[pg_iter]);
          GNUNET_free (arg);
        }
      else /* Remote, scp the file to the correct place */
        {
          if (NULL != pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->username)
            GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s@%s:%s/friends",
                             pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->username,
                             pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->hostname,
                             temp_service_path);
          else
            GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s:%s/friends",
                             pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->hostname,
                             temp_service_path);
          procarr[pg_iter] = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL, "scp", "scp",
                                                      mytemp, arg, NULL);
          GNUNET_assert(procarr[pg_iter] != NULL);
          ret = GNUNET_OS_process_wait (procarr[pg_iter]); /* FIXME: schedule this, throttle! */
          GNUNET_OS_process_close (procarr[pg_iter]);
          if (ret != GNUNET_OK)
            {
              /* FIXME: free contents of 'procarr' array */
              GNUNET_free (procarr);
              GNUNET_free (temp_service_path);
              GNUNET_free (mytemp);
              GNUNET_free (arg);
              return ret;
            }
          procarr[pg_iter] = NULL;
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                      "Copying file with command scp %s %s\n",
                      mytemp,
                      arg);
#endif
          GNUNET_free (arg);
        }
      GNUNET_free (temp_service_path);
      GNUNET_free (mytemp);
    }

#if NOT_STUPID
  count = 0;
  ret = GNUNET_SYSERR;
  while ((count < max_wait) && (ret != GNUNET_OK))
    {
      ret = GNUNET_OK;
      for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                      "Checking copy status of file %d\n",
                      pg_iter);
#endif
          if (procarr[pg_iter] != NULL) /* Check for already completed! */
            {
              if (GNUNET_OS_process_status
                  (procarr[pg_iter], &type, &return_code) != GNUNET_OK)
                {
                  ret = GNUNET_SYSERR;
                }
              else if ((type != GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED)
                  || (return_code != 0))
                {
                  ret = GNUNET_SYSERR;
                }
              else
                {
                  GNUNET_OS_process_close (procarr[pg_iter]);
                  procarr[pg_iter] = NULL;
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
                  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                              "File %d copied\n",
                              pg_iter);
#endif
                }
            }
        }
      count++;
      if (ret == GNUNET_SYSERR)
        {
          /* FIXME: why sleep here? -CG */
          sleep (1);
        }
    }

#if VERBOSE_TESTING
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
      _("Finished copying all friend files!\n"));
#endif
#endif
  GNUNET_free (procarr);
  return ret;
}

/*
 * Create the blacklist files based on the PeerConnection's
 * of each peer in the peer group, and copy the files
 * to the appropriate place.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group we are dealing with
 * @param transports space delimited list of transports to blacklist
 */
static int
create_and_copy_blacklist_files(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                                const char *transports)
{
  FILE *temp_file_handle;
  unsigned int pg_iter;
  char *temp_service_path;
  struct GNUNET_OS_Process **procarr;
  char *arg;
  char *mytemp;
  enum GNUNET_OS_ProcessStatusType type;
  unsigned long return_code;
  int count;
  int ret;
  int max_wait = 10;
  int transport_len;
  unsigned int i;
  char *pos;
  char *temp_transports;
#if OLD
  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded peer_enc;
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
#else
  static struct BlacklistContext blacklist_ctx;
#endif

  procarr = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct GNUNET_OS_Process *) * pg->total);
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      mytemp = GNUNET_DISK_mktemp ("blacklist");
      GNUNET_assert (mytemp != NULL);
      temp_file_handle = fopen (mytemp, "wt");
      GNUNET_assert (temp_file_handle != NULL);
      temp_transports = GNUNET_strdup (transports);
#if !OLD
      blacklist_ctx.temp_file_handle = temp_file_handle;
#endif
      transport_len = strlen (temp_transports) + 1;
      pos = NULL;

      for (i = 0; i < transport_len; i++)
        {
          if ((temp_transports[i] == ' ') && (pos == NULL))
            continue; /* At start of string (whitespace) */
          else if ((temp_transports[i] == ' ') || (temp_transports[i] == '\0')) /* At end of string */
            {
              temp_transports[i] = '\0';
#if OLD
              conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].blacklisted_peers_head;
              while (conn_iter != NULL)
                {
                  GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_enc (
                                             &pg->peers[conn_iter->index].daemon->id.hashPubKey,
                                             &peer_enc);
                  fprintf (temp_file_handle, "%s:%s\n", pos, (char *) &peer_enc);
                  conn_iter = conn_iter->next;
                }
#else
              blacklist_ctx.transport = pos;
              (void) GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate (pg->
                                                            peers
                                                            [pg_iter].blacklisted_peers,
                                                            &blacklist_file_iterator,
                                                            &blacklist_ctx);
#endif
              pos = NULL;
            } /* At beginning of actual string */
          else if (pos == NULL)
            {
              pos = &temp_transports[i];
            }
        }

      GNUNET_free (temp_transports);
      fclose (temp_file_handle);

      if (GNUNET_OK
          != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (
                                                    pg->peers[pg_iter]. daemon->cfg,
                                                    "PATHS", "SERVICEHOME",
                                                    &temp_service_path))
        {
          GNUNET_log (
                      GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                      _
                      ("No `%s' specified in peer configuration in section `%s', cannot copy friends file!\n"),
                      "SERVICEHOME", "PATHS");
          if (UNLINK (mytemp) != 0)
            GNUNET_log_strerror_file (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "unlink",
                mytemp);
          GNUNET_free (mytemp);
          break;
        }

      if (pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->hostname == NULL) /* Local, just copy the file */
        {
          GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s/blacklist", temp_service_path);
          procarr[pg_iter] = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL, "mv", "mv",
                                                      mytemp, arg, NULL);
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("Copying file with command cp %s %s\n"), mytemp, arg);
#endif

          GNUNET_free (arg);
        }
      else /* Remote, scp the file to the correct place */
        {
          if (NULL != pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->username)
            GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s@%s:%s/blacklist",
                             pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->username,
                             pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->hostname,
                             temp_service_path);
          else
            GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s:%s/blacklist",
                             pg->peers[pg_iter].daemon->hostname,
                             temp_service_path);
          procarr[pg_iter] = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL, "scp", "scp",
                                                      mytemp, arg, NULL);
          GNUNET_assert(procarr[pg_iter] != NULL);
          GNUNET_OS_process_wait (procarr[pg_iter]); /* FIXME: add scheduled blacklist file copy that parallelizes file copying! */

#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("Copying file with command scp %s %s\n"), mytemp,
              arg);
#endif
          GNUNET_free (arg);
        }
      GNUNET_free (temp_service_path);
      GNUNET_free (mytemp);
    }

  count = 0;
  ret = GNUNET_SYSERR;
  while ((count < max_wait) && (ret != GNUNET_OK))
    {
      ret = GNUNET_OK;
      for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("Checking copy status of file %d\n"), pg_iter);
#endif
          if (procarr[pg_iter] != NULL) /* Check for already completed! */
            {
              if (GNUNET_OS_process_status (procarr[pg_iter], &type,
                                            &return_code) != GNUNET_OK)
                {
                  ret = GNUNET_SYSERR;
                }
              else if ((type != GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED) || (return_code != 0))
                {
                  ret = GNUNET_SYSERR;
                }
              else
                {
                  GNUNET_OS_process_close (procarr[pg_iter]);
                  procarr[pg_iter] = NULL;
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
                  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                      _("File %d copied\n"), pg_iter);
#endif
                }
            }
        }
      count++;
      if (ret == GNUNET_SYSERR)
        {
          /* FIXME: why sleep here? -CG */
          sleep (1);
        }
    }

#if VERBOSE_TESTING
  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
      _("Finished copying all blacklist files!\n"));
#endif
  GNUNET_free (procarr);
  return ret;
}

/* Forward Declaration */
static void
schedule_connect(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc);

/**
 * Choose a random peer's next connection to create, and
 * call schedule_connect to set up the connect task.
 *
 * @param ct_ctx the overall connection context
 */
static void
preschedule_connect(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  struct ConnectTopologyContext *ct_ctx = &pg->ct_ctx;
  struct PeerConnection *connection_iter;
  struct ConnectContext *connect_context;
  uint32_t random_peer;

  if (ct_ctx->remaining_connections == 0)
    return;
  random_peer
      = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK, pg->total);
  while (pg->peers[random_peer].connect_peers_head == NULL)
    random_peer = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                            pg->total);

  connection_iter = pg->peers[random_peer].connect_peers_head;
  connect_context = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ConnectContext));
  connect_context->first_index = random_peer;
  connect_context->second_index = connection_iter->index;
  connect_context->ct_ctx = ct_ctx;
  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_connect, connect_context);
  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(pg->peers[random_peer].connect_peers_head, pg->peers[random_peer].connect_peers_tail, connection_iter);
  GNUNET_free(connection_iter);
  ct_ctx->remaining_connections--;
}

#if USE_SEND_HELLOS
/* Forward declaration */
static void schedule_send_hellos (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc);

/**
 * Close connections and free the hello context.
 *
 * @param cls the 'struct SendHelloContext *'
 * @param tc scheduler context
 */
static void
free_hello_context (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
  {
    struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context = cls;
    if (send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server != NULL)
      {
        GNUNET_CORE_disconnect(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server);
        send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server = NULL;
      }
    if (send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th != NULL)
      {
        GNUNET_TRANSPORT_disconnect(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th);
        send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th = NULL;
      }
    if (send_hello_context->core_connect_task != GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK)
      {
        GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel(send_hello_context->core_connect_task);
        send_hello_context->core_connect_task = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK;
      }
    send_hello_context->pg->outstanding_connects--;
    GNUNET_free(send_hello_context);
  }

/**
 * For peers that haven't yet connected, notify
 * the caller that they have failed (timeout).
 *
 * @param cls the 'struct SendHelloContext *'
 * @param tc scheduler context
 */
static void
notify_remaining_connections_failed (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
  {
    struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context = cls;
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg = send_hello_context->pg;
    struct PeerConnection *connection;

    GNUNET_CORE_disconnect(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server);
    send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server = NULL;

    connection = send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_head;

    while (connection != NULL)
      {
        if (pg->notify_connection != NULL)
          {
            pg->notify_connection(pg->notify_connection_cls,
                &send_hello_context->peer->daemon->id,
                &pg->peers[connection->index].daemon->id,
                0, /* FIXME */
                send_hello_context->peer->daemon->cfg,
                pg->peers[connection->index].daemon->cfg,
                send_hello_context->peer->daemon,
                pg->peers[connection->index].daemon,
                "Peers failed to connect (timeout)");
          }
        GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_head, send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_tail, connection);
        GNUNET_free(connection);
        connection = connection->next;
      }
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now(&free_hello_context, send_hello_context);
#if BAD
    other_peer = &pg->peers[connection->index];
#endif
  }

/**
 * For peers that haven't yet connected, send
 * CORE connect requests.
 *
 * @param cls the 'struct SendHelloContext *'
 * @param tc scheduler context
 */
static void
send_core_connect_requests (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
  {
    struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context = cls;
    struct PeerConnection *conn;
    GNUNET_assert(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server != NULL);

    send_hello_context->core_connect_task = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_NO_TASK;

    send_hello_context->connect_attempts++;
    if (send_hello_context->connect_attempts < send_hello_context->pg->ct_ctx.connect_attempts)
      {
        conn = send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_head;
        while (conn != NULL)
          {
            GNUNET_CORE_peer_request_connect(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server,
                &send_hello_context->pg->peers[conn->index].daemon->id,
                NULL,
                NULL);
            conn = conn->next;
          }
        send_hello_context->core_connect_task = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed(GNUNET_TIME_relative_divide(send_hello_context->pg->ct_ctx.connect_timeout, send_hello_context->pg->ct_ctx.connect_attempts) ,
            &send_core_connect_requests,
            send_hello_context);
      }
    else
      {
        GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Timeout before all connections created, marking rest as failed!\n");
        GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now(&notify_remaining_connections_failed, send_hello_context);
      }

  }

/**
 * Success, connection is up.  Signal client our success.
 *
 * @param cls our "struct SendHelloContext"
 * @param peer identity of the peer that has connected
 * @param atsi performance information
 *
 * FIXME: remove peers from BOTH lists, call notify twice, should
 * double the speed of connections as long as the list iteration
 * doesn't take too long!
 */
static void
core_connect_notify (void *cls,
    const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *peer,
    const struct GNUNET_TRANSPORT_ATS_Information *atsi)
  {
    struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context = cls;
    struct PeerConnection *connection;
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg = send_hello_context->pg;
#if BAD
    struct PeerData *other_peer;
#endif
#if DEBUG_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
        "Connected peer %s to peer %s\n",
        ctx->d1->shortname, GNUNET_i2s(peer));
#endif

    if (0 == memcmp(&send_hello_context->peer->daemon->id, peer, sizeof(struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity)))
    return;

    connection = send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_head;
#if BAD
    other_peer = NULL;
#endif

    while ((connection != NULL) &&
        (0 != memcmp(&pg->peers[connection->index].daemon->id, peer, sizeof(struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity))))
      {
        connection = connection->next;
      }

    if (connection == NULL)
      {
        GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Connected peer %s to %s, not in list (no problem(?))\n", GNUNET_i2s(peer), send_hello_context->peer->daemon->shortname);
      }
    else
      {
#if BAD
        other_peer = &pg->peers[connection->index];
#endif
        if (pg->notify_connection != NULL)
          {
            pg->notify_connection(pg->notify_connection_cls,
                &send_hello_context->peer->daemon->id,
                peer,
                0, /* FIXME */
                send_hello_context->peer->daemon->cfg,
                pg->peers[connection->index].daemon->cfg,
                send_hello_context->peer->daemon,
                pg->peers[connection->index].daemon,
                NULL);
          }
        GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_head, send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_tail, connection);
        GNUNET_free(connection);
      }

#if BAD
    /* Notify of reverse connection and remove from other peers list of outstanding */
    if (other_peer != NULL)
      {
        connection = other_peer->connect_peers_head;
        while ((connection != NULL) &&
            (0 != memcmp(&send_hello_context->peer->daemon->id, &pg->peers[connection->index].daemon->id, sizeof(struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity))))
          {
            connection = connection->next;
          }
        if (connection != NULL)
          {
            if (pg->notify_connection != NULL)
              {
                pg->notify_connection(pg->notify_connection_cls,
                    peer,
                    &send_hello_context->peer->daemon->id,
                    0, /* FIXME */
                    pg->peers[connection->index].daemon->cfg,
                    send_hello_context->peer->daemon->cfg,
                    pg->peers[connection->index].daemon,
                    send_hello_context->peer->daemon,
                    NULL);
              }

            GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(other_peer->connect_peers_head, other_peer->connect_peers_tail, connection);
            GNUNET_free(connection);
          }
      }
#endif

    if (send_hello_context->peer->connect_peers_head == NULL)
      {
        GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now(&free_hello_context, send_hello_context);
      }
  }

/**
 * Notify of a successful connection to the core service.
 *
 * @param cls a struct SendHelloContext *
 * @param server handle to the core service
 * @param my_identity the peer identity of this peer
 * @param publicKey the public key of the peer
 */
void
core_init (void *cls,
    struct GNUNET_CORE_Handle * server,
    const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *
    my_identity,
    const struct
    GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKeyBinaryEncoded *
    publicKey)
  {
    struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context = cls;
    send_hello_context->core_ready = GNUNET_YES;
  }

/**
 * Function called once a hello has been sent
 * to the transport, move on to the next one
 * or go away forever.
 *
 * @param cls the 'struct SendHelloContext *'
 * @param tc scheduler context
 */
static void
hello_sent_callback (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
  {
    struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context = cls;
    //unsigned int pg_iter;
    if ( (tc->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
      {
        GNUNET_free(send_hello_context);
        return;
      }

    send_hello_context->pg->remaining_hellos--;
#if DEBUG_TESTING
    GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Sent HELLO, have %d remaining!\n", send_hello_context->pg->remaining_hellos);
#endif
    if (send_hello_context->peer_pos == NULL) /* All HELLOs (for this peer!) have been transmitted! */
      {
#if DEBUG_TESTING
        GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "All hellos for this peer sent, disconnecting transport!\n");
#endif
        GNUNET_assert(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th != NULL);
        GNUNET_TRANSPORT_disconnect(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th);
        send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th = NULL;

        /*if (send_hello_context->pg->remaining_hellos == 0)
         {
         for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < send_hello_context->pg->max_outstanding_connections; pg_iter++)
         {
         preschedule_connect(&send_hello_context->pg->ct_ctx);
         }
         }
         */
        GNUNET_assert (send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server == NULL);
        send_hello_context->peer->daemon->server = GNUNET_CORE_connect(send_hello_context->peer->cfg,
            1,
            send_hello_context,
            &core_init,
            &core_connect_notify,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL, GNUNET_NO,
            NULL, GNUNET_NO,
            no_handlers);

        send_hello_context->core_connect_task = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed(GNUNET_TIME_relative_divide(send_hello_context->pg->ct_ctx.connect_timeout, send_hello_context->pg->ct_ctx.connect_attempts),
            &send_core_connect_requests,
            send_hello_context);
      }
    else
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now(&schedule_send_hellos, send_hello_context);
  }

/**
 * Connect to a peer, give it all the HELLO's of those peers
 * we will later ask it to connect to.
 *
 * @param ct_ctx the overall connection context
 */
static void schedule_send_hellos (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
  {
    struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context = cls;
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg = send_hello_context->pg;

    if ( (tc->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
      {
        GNUNET_free(send_hello_context);
        return;
      }

    GNUNET_assert(send_hello_context->peer_pos != NULL); /* All of the HELLO sends to be scheduled have been scheduled! */

    if (((send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th == NULL) &&
            (pg->outstanding_connects > pg->max_outstanding_connections)) ||
        (pg->stop_connects == GNUNET_YES))
      {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
            _
            ("Delaying connect, we have too many outstanding connections!\n"));
#endif
        GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply
            (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS, 100),
            &schedule_send_hellos, send_hello_context);
      }
    else
      {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
            _("Creating connection, outstanding_connections is %d\n"),
            outstanding_connects);
#endif
        if (send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th == NULL)
          {
            pg->outstanding_connects++; /* Actual TRANSPORT, CORE connections! */
            send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th
                = GNUNET_TRANSPORT_connect (send_hello_context->peer->cfg, NULL,
                                            send_hello_context, NULL, NULL, NULL);
          }
#if DEBUG_TESTING
        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
            _("Offering Hello of peer %s to peer %s\n"),
            send_hello_context->peer->daemon->shortname, pg->peers[send_hello_context->peer_pos->index].daemon->shortname);
#endif
        GNUNET_TRANSPORT_offer_hello(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th,
            (const struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *)pg->peers[send_hello_context->peer_pos->index].daemon->hello,
            &hello_sent_callback,
            send_hello_context);
        send_hello_context->peer_pos = send_hello_context->peer_pos->next;
        GNUNET_assert(send_hello_context->peer->daemon->th != NULL);
      }
  }
#endif

/**
 * Internal notification of a connection, kept so that we can ensure some connections
 * happen instead of flooding all testing daemons with requests to connect.
 */
static void
internal_connect_notify(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *first,
                        const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *second,
                        uint32_t distance,
                        const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *first_cfg,
                        const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *second_cfg,
                        struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *first_daemon,
                        struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *second_daemon,
                        const char *emsg)
{
  struct ConnectContext *connect_ctx = cls;
  struct ConnectTopologyContext *ct_ctx = connect_ctx->ct_ctx;
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg = ct_ctx->pg;
  struct PeerConnection *connection;

  GNUNET_assert (0 < pg->outstanding_connects);
  pg->outstanding_connects--;

  /*
   * Check whether the inverse connection has been scheduled yet,
   * if not, we can remove it from the other peers list and avoid
   * even trying to connect them again!
   */
  connection = pg->peers[connect_ctx->second_index].connect_peers_head;
#if BAD
  other_peer = NULL;
#endif

  while ((connection != NULL) && (0
      != memcmp (first, &pg->peers[connection->index].daemon->id,
                 sizeof(struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity))))
    {
      connection = connection->next;
    }

  if (connection != NULL) /* Can safely remove! */
    {
      GNUNET_assert (0 < ct_ctx->remaining_connections);
      ct_ctx->remaining_connections--;
      if (pg->notify_connection != NULL) /* Notify of reverse connection */
        pg->notify_connection (pg->notify_connection_cls, second, first,
                               distance, second_cfg, first_cfg, second_daemon,
                               first_daemon, emsg);

      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(pg->peers[connect_ctx->second_index].connect_peers_head, pg->peers[connect_ctx->second_index].connect_peers_tail, connection);
      GNUNET_free(connection);
    }

  if (ct_ctx->remaining_connections == 0)
    {
      if (ct_ctx->notify_connections_done != NULL)
        {
          ct_ctx->notify_connections_done (ct_ctx->notify_cls, NULL);
          ct_ctx->notify_connections_done = NULL;
        }
    }
  else
    preschedule_connect (pg);

  if (pg->notify_connection != NULL)
    pg->notify_connection (pg->notify_connection_cls, first, second, distance,
                           first_cfg, second_cfg, first_daemon, second_daemon,
                           emsg);

  GNUNET_free(connect_ctx);
}

/**
 * Either delay a connection (because there are too many outstanding)
 * or schedule it for right now.
 *
 * @param cls a connection context
 * @param tc the task runtime context
 */
static void
schedule_connect(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct ConnectContext *connect_context = cls;
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg = connect_context->ct_ctx->pg;

  if ( (tc->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
    return;

  if ((pg->outstanding_connects > pg->max_outstanding_connections)
      || (pg->stop_connects == GNUNET_YES))
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
          _
          ("Delaying connect, we have too many outstanding connections!\n"));
#endif
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                    GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                   GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                   100),
                                    &schedule_connect, connect_context);
    }
  else
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
          _("Creating connection, outstanding_connections is %d (max %d)\n"),
          pg->outstanding_connects, pg->max_outstanding_connections);
#endif
      pg->outstanding_connects++;
      pg->total_connects_scheduled++;
      GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_connect (
                                      pg->peers[connect_context->first_index].daemon,
                                      pg->peers[connect_context->second_index].daemon,
                                      connect_context->ct_ctx->connect_timeout,
                                      connect_context->ct_ctx->connect_attempts,
#if USE_SEND_HELLOS
                                      GNUNET_NO,
#else
                                      GNUNET_YES,
#endif
                                      &internal_connect_notify, connect_context); /* FIXME: free connect context! */
    }
}

#if !OLD
/**
 * Iterator for actually scheduling connections to be created
 * between two peers.
 *
 * @param cls closure, a GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon
 * @param key the key the second Daemon was stored under
 * @param value the GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon that the first is to connect to
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES to continue iteration
 */
static int
connect_iterator (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    struct ConnectTopologyContext *ct_ctx = cls;
    struct PeerData *first = ct_ctx->first;
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *second = value;
    struct ConnectContext *connect_context;

    connect_context = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ConnectContext));
    connect_context->first = first->daemon;
    connect_context->second = second;
    connect_context->ct_ctx = ct_ctx;
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_connect, connect_context);

    return GNUNET_YES;
  }
#endif

#if !OLD
/**
 * Iterator for copying all entries in the allowed hashmap to the
 * connect hashmap.
 *
 * @param cls closure, a GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon
 * @param key the key the second Daemon was stored under
 * @param value the GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon that the first is to connect to
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES to continue iteration
 */
static int
copy_topology_iterator (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    struct PeerData *first = cls;

    GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
        GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_put (first->connect_peers, key,
            value,
            GNUNET_CONTAINER_MULTIHASHMAPOPTION_UNIQUE_ONLY));

    return GNUNET_YES;
  }
#endif

/**
 * Make the peers to connect the same as those that are allowed to be
 * connected.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group
 */
static int
copy_allowed_topology(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  unsigned int pg_iter;
  int ret;
  int total;
#if OLD
  struct PeerConnection *iter;
#endif
  total = 0;
  ret = 0;
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
#if OLD
      iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].allowed_peers_head;
      while (iter != NULL)
        {
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                      "Creating connection between %d and %d\n", pg_iter,
                      iter->index);
          total += add_connections (pg, pg_iter, iter->index, CONNECT,
                                    GNUNET_YES);
          //total += add_actual_connections(pg, pg_iter, iter->index);
          iter = iter->next;
        }
#else
      ret =
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate (pg->
          peers[pg_iter].allowed_peers,
          &copy_topology_iterator,
          &pg->peers[pg_iter]);
#endif
      if (GNUNET_SYSERR == ret)
        return GNUNET_SYSERR;

      total = total + ret;
    }

  return total;
}

/**
 * Connect the topology as specified by the PeerConnection's
 * of each peer in the peer group
 *
 * @param pg the peer group we are dealing with
 * @param connect_timeout how long try connecting two peers
 * @param connect_attempts how many times (max) to attempt
 * @param notify_callback callback to notify when finished
 * @param notify_cls closure for notify callback
 *
 * @return the number of connections that will be attempted
 */
static int
connect_topology(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                 struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative connect_timeout,
                 unsigned int connect_attempts,
                 GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion notify_callback,
                 void *notify_cls)
{
  unsigned int pg_iter;
  unsigned int total;

#if OLD
  struct PeerConnection *connection_iter;
#endif
#if USE_SEND_HELLOS
  struct SendHelloContext *send_hello_context;
#endif

  total = 0;
  pg->ct_ctx.notify_connections_done = notify_callback;
  pg->ct_ctx.notify_cls = notify_cls;
  pg->ct_ctx.pg = pg;

  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
#if OLD
      connection_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head;
      while (connection_iter != NULL)
        {
          connection_iter = connection_iter->next;
          total++;
        }
#else
      total +=
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers);
#endif
    }

  if (total == 0)
    return total;

  pg->ct_ctx.connect_timeout = connect_timeout;
  pg->ct_ctx.connect_attempts = connect_attempts;
  pg->ct_ctx.remaining_connections = total;

#if USE_SEND_HELLOS
  /* First give all peers the HELLO's of other peers (connect to first peer's transport service, give HELLO's of other peers, continue...) */
  pg->remaining_hellos = total;
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      send_hello_context = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct SendHelloContext));
      send_hello_context->peer = &pg->peers[pg_iter];
      send_hello_context->peer_pos = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head;
      send_hello_context->pg = pg;
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now(&schedule_send_hellos, send_hello_context);
    }
#else
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->max_outstanding_connections; pg_iter++)
    {
      preschedule_connect (pg);
    }
#endif
  return total;

}

/**
 * Takes a peer group and creates a topology based on the
 * one specified.  Creates a topology means generates friend
 * files for the peers so they can only connect to those allowed
 * by the topology.  This will only have an effect once peers
 * are started if the FRIENDS_ONLY option is set in the base
 * config.  Also takes an optional restrict topology which
 * disallows connections based on particular transports
 * UNLESS they are specified in the restricted topology.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group struct representing the running peers
 * @param topology which topology to connect the peers in
 * @param restrict_topology disallow restrict_transports transport
 *                          connections to peers NOT in this topology
 *                          use GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_NONE for no restrictions
 * @param restrict_transports space delimited list of transports to blacklist
 *                            to create restricted topology
 *
 * @return the maximum number of connections were all allowed peers
 *         connected to each other
 */
unsigned int
GNUNET_TESTING_create_topology(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                               enum GNUNET_TESTING_Topology topology,
                               enum GNUNET_TESTING_Topology restrict_topology,
                               const char *restrict_transports)
{
  int ret;

  unsigned int num_connections;
  int unblacklisted_connections;
  char *filename;
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
  struct PeerConnection *temp_conn;
  unsigned int off;

#if !OLD
  unsigned int i;
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      pg->peers[i].allowed_peers =
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_create (100);
      pg->peers[i].connect_peers =
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_create (100);
      pg->peers[i].blacklisted_peers =
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_create (100);
      pg->peers[i].pg = pg;
    }
#endif

  switch (topology)
    {
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_CLIQUE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _("Creating clique topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_clique (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED, GNUNET_NO);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SMALL_WORLD_RING:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Creating small world (ring) topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_small_world_ring (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SMALL_WORLD:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Creating small world (2d-torus) topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_small_world (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_RING:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _("Creating ring topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_ring (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_2D_TORUS:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _("Creating 2d torus topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_2d_torus (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_ERDOS_RENYI:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Creating Erdos-Renyi topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_erdos_renyi (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_INTERNAT:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _("Creating InterNAT topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_nated_internet (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SCALE_FREE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Creating Scale Free topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_scale_free (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_LINE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Creating straight line topology\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = create_line (pg, &add_connections, ALLOWED);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_FROM_FILE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Creating topology from file!\n"));
#endif
    if (GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pg->cfg, "testing",
                                                            "topology_file",
                                                            &filename))
      num_connections = create_from_file (pg, filename, &add_connections,
                                          ALLOWED);
    else
      {
        GNUNET_log (
                    GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    "Missing configuration option TESTING:TOPOLOGY_FILE for creating topology from file!\n");
        num_connections = 0;
      }
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_NONE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _
        ("Creating no allowed topology (all peers can connect at core level)\n"));
#endif
    num_connections = pg->total * pg->total; /* Clique is allowed! */
    break;
  default:
    num_connections = 0;
    break;
    }

  if (GNUNET_YES == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_yesno (pg->cfg, "TESTING",
                                                          "F2F"))
    {
      ret = create_and_copy_friend_files (pg);
      if (ret != GNUNET_OK)
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("Failed during friend file copying!\n"));
#endif
          return GNUNET_SYSERR;
        }
      else
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("Friend files created/copied successfully!\n"));
#endif
        }
    }

  /* Use the create clique method to initially set all connections as blacklisted. */
  if ((restrict_topology != GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_NONE) && (restrict_topology
      != GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_FROM_FILE))
    create_clique (pg, &add_connections, BLACKLIST, GNUNET_NO);
  else
    return num_connections;

  unblacklisted_connections = 0;
  /* Un-blacklist connections as per the topology specified */
  switch (restrict_topology)
    {
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_CLIQUE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but clique topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections = create_clique (pg, &remove_connections,
                                               BLACKLIST, GNUNET_NO);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SMALL_WORLD_RING:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but small world (ring) topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections = create_small_world_ring (pg,
                                                         &remove_connections,
                                                         BLACKLIST);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SMALL_WORLD:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _
        ("Blacklisting all but small world (2d-torus) topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections = create_small_world (pg, &remove_connections,
                                                    BLACKLIST);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_RING:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but ring topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections
        = create_ring (pg, &remove_connections, BLACKLIST);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_2D_TORUS:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but 2d torus topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections = create_2d_torus (pg, &remove_connections,
                                                 BLACKLIST);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_ERDOS_RENYI:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but Erdos-Renyi topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections = create_erdos_renyi (pg, &remove_connections,
                                                    BLACKLIST);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_INTERNAT:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but InterNAT topology\n"));
#endif

#if TOPOLOGY_HACK
    for (off = 0; off < pg->total; off++)
      {
        conn_iter = pg->peers[off].allowed_peers_head;
        while (conn_iter != NULL)
          {
            temp_conn = conn_iter->next;
            GNUNET_free(conn_iter);
            conn_iter = temp_conn;
          }
        pg->peers[off].allowed_peers_head = NULL;
        pg->peers[off].allowed_peers_tail = NULL;

        conn_iter = pg->peers[off].connect_peers_head;
        while (conn_iter != NULL)
          {
            temp_conn = conn_iter->next;
            GNUNET_free(conn_iter);
            conn_iter = temp_conn;
          }
        pg->peers[off].connect_peers_head = NULL;
        pg->peers[off].connect_peers_tail = NULL;
      }
    unblacklisted_connections
        = create_nated_internet_copy (pg, &remove_connections, BLACKLIST);
#else
    unblacklisted_connections =
    create_nated_internet (pg, &remove_connections, BLACKLIST);
#endif

    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SCALE_FREE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but Scale Free topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections = create_scale_free (pg, &remove_connections,
                                                   BLACKLIST);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_LINE:
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
        _("Blacklisting all but straight line topology\n"));
#endif
    unblacklisted_connections
        = create_line (pg, &remove_connections, BLACKLIST);
  default:
    break;
    }

  if ((unblacklisted_connections > 0) && (restrict_transports != NULL))
    {
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Creating blacklist with `%s'\n",
                  restrict_transports);
      ret = create_and_copy_blacklist_files (pg, restrict_transports);
      if (ret != GNUNET_OK)
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("Failed during blacklist file copying!\n"));
#endif
          return 0;
        }
      else
        {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              _("Blacklist files created/copied successfully!\n"));
#endif
        }
    }
  return num_connections;
}

#if !OLD
/**
 * Iterator for choosing random peers to connect.
 *
 * @param cls closure, a RandomContext
 * @param key the key the second Daemon was stored under
 * @param value the GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon that the first is to connect to
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES to continue iteration
 */
static int
random_connect_iterator (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    struct RandomContext *random_ctx = cls;
    double random_number;
    uint32_t second_pos;
    GNUNET_HashCode first_hash;
    random_number =
    ((double)
        GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
            UINT64_MAX)) / ((double) UINT64_MAX);
    if (random_number < random_ctx->percentage)
      {
        GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
            GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_put (random_ctx->
                first->connect_peers_working_set,
                key, value,
                GNUNET_CONTAINER_MULTIHASHMAPOPTION_UNIQUE_ONLY));
      }

    /* Now we have considered this particular connection, remove it from the second peer so it's not double counted */
    uid_from_hash (key, &second_pos);
    hash_from_uid (random_ctx->first_uid, &first_hash);
    GNUNET_assert (random_ctx->pg->total > second_pos);
    GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
        GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_remove (random_ctx->
            pg->peers
            [second_pos].connect_peers,
            &first_hash,
            random_ctx->
            first->daemon));

    return GNUNET_YES;
  }

/**
 * Iterator for adding at least X peers to a peers connection set.
 *
 * @param cls closure, MinimumContext
 * @param key the key the second Daemon was stored under
 * @param value the GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon that the first is to connect to
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES to continue iteration
 */
static int
minimum_connect_iterator (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    struct MinimumContext *min_ctx = cls;
    uint32_t second_pos;
    GNUNET_HashCode first_hash;
    unsigned int i;

    if (GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size
        (min_ctx->first->connect_peers_working_set) < min_ctx->num_to_add)
      {
        for (i = 0; i < min_ctx->num_to_add; i++)
          {
            if (min_ctx->pg_array[i] == min_ctx->current)
              {
                GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
                    GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_put
                    (min_ctx->first->connect_peers_working_set, key,
                        value,
                        GNUNET_CONTAINER_MULTIHASHMAPOPTION_UNIQUE_ONLY));
                uid_from_hash (key, &second_pos);
                hash_from_uid (min_ctx->first_uid, &first_hash);
                GNUNET_assert (min_ctx->pg->total > second_pos);
                GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
                    GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_put (min_ctx->
                        pg->peers
                        [second_pos].connect_peers_working_set,
                        &first_hash,
                        min_ctx->first->
                        daemon,
                        GNUNET_CONTAINER_MULTIHASHMAPOPTION_UNIQUE_ONLY));
                /* Now we have added this particular connection, remove it from the second peer's map so it's not double counted */
                GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
                    GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_remove
                    (min_ctx->pg->peers[second_pos].connect_peers,
                        &first_hash, min_ctx->first->daemon));
              }
          }
        min_ctx->current++;
        return GNUNET_YES;
      }
    else
    return GNUNET_NO; /* We can stop iterating, we have enough peers! */

  }

/**
 * Iterator for adding peers to a connection set based on a depth first search.
 *
 * @param cls closure, MinimumContext
 * @param key the key the second daemon was stored under
 * @param value the GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon that the first is to connect to
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES to continue iteration
 */
static int
dfs_connect_iterator (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    struct DFSContext *dfs_ctx = cls;
    GNUNET_HashCode first_hash;

    if (dfs_ctx->current == dfs_ctx->chosen)
      {
        GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
            GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_put (dfs_ctx->
                first->connect_peers_working_set,
                key, value,
                GNUNET_CONTAINER_MULTIHASHMAPOPTION_UNIQUE_ONLY));
        uid_from_hash (key, &dfs_ctx->second_uid);
        hash_from_uid (dfs_ctx->first_uid, &first_hash);
        GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
            GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_put (dfs_ctx->
                pg->peers
                [dfs_ctx->second_uid].connect_peers_working_set,
                &first_hash,
                dfs_ctx->
                first->daemon,
                GNUNET_CONTAINER_MULTIHASHMAPOPTION_UNIQUE_ONLY));
        GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
            GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_remove (dfs_ctx->
                pg->peers
                [dfs_ctx->second_uid].connect_peers,
                &first_hash,
                dfs_ctx->
                first->daemon));
        /* Can't remove second from first yet because we are currently iterating, hence the return value in the DFSContext! */
        return GNUNET_NO; /* We have found our peer, don't iterate more */
      }

    dfs_ctx->current++;
    return GNUNET_YES;
  }
#endif

/**
 * From the set of connections possible, choose percentage percent of connections
 * to actually connect.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup we are dealing with
 * @param percentage what percent of total connections to make
 */
void
choose_random_connections(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                          double percentage)
{
  uint32_t pg_iter;
#if OLD
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
  double random_number;
#else
  struct RandomContext random_ctx;
#endif

  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
#if OLD
      conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          random_number
              = ((double) GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                    UINT64_MAX))
                  / ((double) UINT64_MAX);
          if (random_number < percentage)
            {
              add_connections (pg, pg_iter, conn_iter->index, WORKING_SET,
                               GNUNET_YES);
            }
          conn_iter = conn_iter->next;
        }
#else
      random_ctx.first_uid = pg_iter;
      random_ctx.first = &pg->peers[pg_iter];
      random_ctx.percentage = percentage;
      random_ctx.pg = pg;
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set 
        = GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_create (pg->total);
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers,
                                             &random_connect_iterator,
                                             &random_ctx);
      /* Now remove the old connections */
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_destroy (pg->
                                             peers[pg_iter].connect_peers);
      /* And replace with the random set */
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers 
        = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set;
#endif
    }

  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head;
      while (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head != NULL)
        remove_connections (pg, pg_iter,
                            pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head->index,
                            CONNECT, GNUNET_YES);

      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head
          = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_head;
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_tail
          = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_tail;
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_head = NULL;
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_tail = NULL;
    }
}

/**
 * Count the number of connections in a linked list of connections.
 *
 * @param conn_list the connection list to get the count of
 *
 * @return the number of elements in the list
 */
static unsigned int
count_connections(struct PeerConnection *conn_list)
{
  struct PeerConnection *iter;
  unsigned int count;
  count = 0;
  iter = conn_list;
  while (iter != NULL)
    {
      iter = iter->next;
      count++;
    }
  return count;
}

static unsigned int
count_workingset_connections(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  unsigned int count;
  unsigned int pg_iter;
#if OLD
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
#endif
  count = 0;

  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
#if OLD
      conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          count++;
          conn_iter = conn_iter->next;
        }
#else
      count +=
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size (pg->
          peers
          [pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set);
#endif
    }

  return count;
}

static unsigned int
count_allowed_connections(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  unsigned int count;
  unsigned int pg_iter;
#if OLD
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
#endif

  count = 0;
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
#if OLD
      conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].allowed_peers_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          count++;
          conn_iter = conn_iter->next;
        }
#else
      count +=
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size (pg->
          peers
          [pg_iter].allowed_peers);
#endif
    }

  return count;
}

/**
 * From the set of connections possible, choose at least num connections per
 * peer.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup we are dealing with
 * @param num how many connections at least should each peer have (if possible)?
 */
static void
choose_minimum(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg, unsigned int num)
{
#if !OLD
  struct MinimumContext minimum_ctx;
#else
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
  unsigned int temp_list_size;
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int count;
  uint32_t random; /* Random list entry to connect peer to */
#endif
  uint32_t pg_iter;

#if OLD
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      temp_list_size
          = count_connections (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head);
      if (temp_list_size == 0)
        {
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                      "Peer %d has 0 connections!?!?\n", pg_iter);
          break;
        }
      for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
        {
          random = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                             temp_list_size);
          conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head;
          for (count = 0; count < random; count++)
            conn_iter = conn_iter->next;
          /* We now have a random connection, connect it! */
          GNUNET_assert(conn_iter != NULL);
          add_connections (pg, pg_iter, conn_iter->index, WORKING_SET,
                           GNUNET_YES);
        }
    }
#else
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set =
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_create (num);
    }

  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      minimum_ctx.first_uid = pg_iter;
      minimum_ctx.pg_array =
      GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_permute (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
          GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size
          (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers));
      minimum_ctx.first = &pg->peers[pg_iter];
      minimum_ctx.pg = pg;
      minimum_ctx.num_to_add = num;
      minimum_ctx.current = 0;
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers,
          &minimum_connect_iterator,
          &minimum_ctx);
    }

  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      /* Remove the "old" connections */
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_destroy (pg->
          peers[pg_iter].connect_peers);
      /* And replace with the working set */
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers =
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set;
    }
#endif
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      while (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head != NULL)
        {
          conn_iter = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head;
          GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head,
              pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_tail,
              conn_iter);
          GNUNET_free(conn_iter);
          /*remove_connections(pg, pg_iter, pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head->index, CONNECT, GNUNET_YES);*/
        }

      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_head
          = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_head;
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_tail
          = pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_tail;
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_head = NULL;
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_tail = NULL;
    }
}

#if !OLD
struct FindClosestContext
  {
    /**
     * The currently known closest peer.
     */
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *closest;

    /**
     * The info for the peer we are adding connections for.
     */
    struct PeerData *curr_peer;

    /**
     * The distance (bits) between the current
     * peer and the currently known closest.
     */
    unsigned int closest_dist;

    /**
     * The offset of the closest known peer in
     * the peer group.
     */
    unsigned int closest_num;
  };

/**
 * Iterator over hash map entries of the allowed
 * peer connections.  Find the closest, not already
 * connected peer and return it.
 *
 * @param cls closure (struct FindClosestContext)
 * @param key current key code (hash of offset in pg)
 * @param value value in the hash map - a GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon
 * @return GNUNET_YES if we should continue to
 *         iterate,
 *         GNUNET_NO if not.
 */
static int
find_closest_peers (void *cls, const GNUNET_HashCode * key, void *value)
  {
    struct FindClosestContext *closest_ctx = cls;
    struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *daemon = value;

    if (((closest_ctx->closest == NULL) ||
            (GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_matching_bits
                (&daemon->id.hashPubKey,
                    &closest_ctx->curr_peer->daemon->id.hashPubKey) >
                closest_ctx->closest_dist))
        && (GNUNET_YES !=
            GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_contains (closest_ctx->
                curr_peer->connect_peers,
                key)))
      {
        closest_ctx->closest_dist =
        GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_matching_bits (&daemon->id.hashPubKey,
            &closest_ctx->curr_peer->daemon->
            id.hashPubKey);
        closest_ctx->closest = daemon;
        uid_from_hash (key, &closest_ctx->closest_num);
      }
    return GNUNET_YES;
  }

/**
 * From the set of connections possible, choose at num connections per
 * peer based on depth which are closest out of those allowed.  Guaranteed
 * to add num peers to connect to, provided there are that many peers
 * in the underlay topology to connect to.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup we are dealing with
 * @param num how many connections at least should each peer have (if possible)?
 * @param proc processor to actually add the connections
 * @param list the peer list to use
 */
void
add_closest (struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg, unsigned int num,
    GNUNET_TESTING_ConnectionProcessor proc, enum PeerLists list)
  {
#if OLD

#else
    struct FindClosestContext closest_ctx;
#endif
    uint32_t pg_iter;
    uint32_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) /* Each time find a closest peer (from those available) */
      {
        for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
          {
            closest_ctx.curr_peer = &pg->peers[pg_iter];
            closest_ctx.closest = NULL;
            closest_ctx.closest_dist = 0;
            closest_ctx.closest_num = 0;
            GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate (pg->
                peers[pg_iter].allowed_peers,
                &find_closest_peers,
                &closest_ctx);
            if (closest_ctx.closest != NULL)
              {
                GNUNET_assert (closest_ctx.closest_num < pg->total);
                proc (pg, pg_iter, closest_ctx.closest_num, list);
              }
          }
      }
  }
#endif

/**
 * From the set of connections possible, choose at least num connections per
 * peer based on depth first traversal of peer connections.  If DFS leaves
 * peers unconnected, ensure those peers get connections.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup we are dealing with
 * @param num how many connections at least should each peer have (if possible)?
 */
void
perform_dfs(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg, unsigned int num)
{
  uint32_t pg_iter;
  uint32_t dfs_count;
  uint32_t starting_peer;
  uint32_t least_connections;
  uint32_t random_connection;
#if OLD
  unsigned int temp_count;
  struct PeerConnection *peer_iter;
#else
  struct DFSContext dfs_ctx;
  GNUNET_HashCode second_hash;
#endif

#if OLD
  starting_peer = 0;
  dfs_count = 0;
  while ((count_workingset_connections (pg) < num * pg->total)
      && (count_allowed_connections (pg) > 0))
    {
      if (dfs_count % pg->total == 0) /* Restart the DFS at some weakly connected peer */
        {
          least_connections = -1; /* Set to very high number */
          for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
            {
              temp_count
                  = count_connections (
                                       pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set_head);
              if (temp_count < least_connections)
                {
                  starting_peer = pg_iter;
                  least_connections = temp_count;
                }
            }
        }

      temp_count
          = count_connections (pg->peers[starting_peer].connect_peers_head);
      if (temp_count == 0)
        continue; /* FIXME: infinite loop? */

      random_connection = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                    temp_count);
      temp_count = 0;
      peer_iter = pg->peers[starting_peer].connect_peers_head;
      while (temp_count < random_connection)
        {
          peer_iter = peer_iter->next;
          temp_count++;
        }
      GNUNET_assert(peer_iter != NULL);
      add_connections (pg, starting_peer, peer_iter->index, WORKING_SET,
                       GNUNET_NO);
      remove_connections (pg, starting_peer, peer_iter->index, CONNECT,
                          GNUNET_YES);
      starting_peer = peer_iter->index;
      dfs_count++;
    }

#else
  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set =
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_create (num);
    }

  starting_peer = 0;
  dfs_count = 0;
  while ((count_workingset_connections (pg) < num * pg->total)
      && (count_allowed_connections (pg) > 0))
    {
      if (dfs_count % pg->total == 0) /* Restart the DFS at some weakly connected peer */
        {
          least_connections = -1; /* Set to very high number */
          for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
            {
              if (GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size
                  (pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set) <
                  least_connections)
                {
                  starting_peer = pg_iter;
                  least_connections =
                  GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size (pg->
                      peers
                      [pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set);
                }
            }
        }

      if (GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size (pg->peers[starting_peer].connect_peers) == 0) /* Ensure there is at least one peer left to connect! */
        {
          dfs_count = 0;
          continue;
        }

      /* Choose a random peer from the chosen peers set of connections to add */
      dfs_ctx.chosen =
      GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
          GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_size
          (pg->peers[starting_peer].connect_peers));
      dfs_ctx.first_uid = starting_peer;
      dfs_ctx.first = &pg->peers[starting_peer];
      dfs_ctx.pg = pg;
      dfs_ctx.current = 0;

      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_iterate (pg->
          peers
          [starting_peer].connect_peers,
          &dfs_connect_iterator, &dfs_ctx);
      /* Remove the second from the first, since we will be continuing the search and may encounter the first peer again! */
      hash_from_uid (dfs_ctx.second_uid, &second_hash);
      GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
          GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_remove (pg->peers
              [starting_peer].connect_peers,
              &second_hash,
              pg->
              peers
              [dfs_ctx.second_uid].daemon));
      starting_peer = dfs_ctx.second_uid;
    }

  for (pg_iter = 0; pg_iter < pg->total; pg_iter++)
    {
      /* Remove the "old" connections */
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_destroy (pg->
          peers[pg_iter].connect_peers);
      /* And replace with the working set */
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers =
      pg->peers[pg_iter].connect_peers_working_set;
    }
#endif
}

/**
 * Internal callback for topology information for a particular peer.
 */
static void
internal_topology_callback(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *peer,
                           const struct GNUNET_TRANSPORT_ATS_Information *atsi)
{
  struct CoreContext *core_ctx = cls;
  struct TopologyIterateContext *iter_ctx = core_ctx->iter_context;

  if (peer == NULL) /* Either finished, or something went wrong */
    {
      iter_ctx->completed++;
      iter_ctx->connected--;
      /* One core context allocated per iteration, must free! */
      GNUNET_free (core_ctx);
    }
  else
    {
      iter_ctx->topology_cb (iter_ctx->cls, &core_ctx->daemon->id, peer, NULL);
    }

  if (iter_ctx->completed == iter_ctx->total)
    {
      iter_ctx->topology_cb (iter_ctx->cls, NULL, NULL, NULL);
      /* Once all are done, free the iteration context */
      GNUNET_free (iter_ctx);
    }
}

/**
 * Check running topology iteration tasks, if below max start a new one, otherwise
 * schedule for some time in the future.
 */
static void
schedule_get_topology(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct CoreContext *core_context = cls;
  struct TopologyIterateContext *topology_context =
      (struct TopologyIterateContext *) core_context->iter_context;
  if ( (tc->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
    return;

  if (topology_context->connected
      > topology_context->pg->max_outstanding_connections)
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
          _
          ("Delaying connect, we have too many outstanding connections!\n"));
#endif
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                    GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                   GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                   100),
                                    &schedule_get_topology, core_context);
    }
  else
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
          _("Creating connection, outstanding_connections is %d\n"),
          outstanding_connects);
#endif
      topology_context->connected++;

      if (GNUNET_OK != GNUNET_CORE_iterate_peers (core_context->daemon->cfg,
                                                  &internal_topology_callback,
                                                  core_context))
        {
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Topology iteration failed.\n");
          internal_topology_callback (core_context, NULL, NULL);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Iterate over all (running) peers in the peer group, retrieve
 * all connections that each currently has.
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_get_topology(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                            GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyTopology cb, void *cls)
{
  struct TopologyIterateContext *topology_context;
  struct CoreContext *core_ctx;
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int total_count;

  /* Allocate a single topology iteration context */
  topology_context = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct TopologyIterateContext));
  topology_context->topology_cb = cb;
  topology_context->cls = cls;
  topology_context->pg = pg;
  total_count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      if (pg->peers[i].daemon->running == GNUNET_YES)
        {
          /* Allocate one core context per core we need to connect to */
          core_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct CoreContext));
          core_ctx->daemon = pg->peers[i].daemon;
          /* Set back pointer to topology iteration context */
          core_ctx->iter_context = topology_context;
          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_get_topology, core_ctx);
          total_count++;
        }
    }
  if (total_count == 0)
    {
      cb (cls, NULL, NULL, "Cannot iterate over topology, no running peers!");
      GNUNET_free (topology_context);
    }
  else
    topology_context->total = total_count;
  return;
}

/**
 * Callback function to process statistic values.
 * This handler is here only really to insert a peer
 * identity (or daemon) so the statistics can be uniquely
 * tied to a single running peer.
 *
 * @param cls closure
 * @param subsystem name of subsystem that created the statistic
 * @param name the name of the datum
 * @param value the current value
 * @param is_persistent GNUNET_YES if the value is persistent, GNUNET_NO if not
 * @return GNUNET_OK to continue, GNUNET_SYSERR to abort iteration
 */
static int
internal_stats_callback(void *cls, const char *subsystem, const char *name,
                        uint64_t value, int is_persistent)
{
  struct StatsCoreContext *core_context = cls;
  struct StatsIterateContext *stats_context =
      (struct StatsIterateContext *) core_context->iter_context;

  return stats_context->proc (stats_context->cls, &core_context->daemon->id,
                              subsystem, name, value, is_persistent);
}

/**
 * Internal continuation call for statistics iteration.
 *
 * @param cls closure, the CoreContext for this iteration
 * @param success whether or not the statistics iterations
 *        was canceled or not (we don't care)
 */
static void
internal_stats_cont(void *cls, int success)
{
  struct StatsCoreContext *core_context = cls;
  struct StatsIterateContext *stats_context =
      (struct StatsIterateContext *) core_context->iter_context;

  stats_context->connected--;
  stats_context->completed++;

  if (stats_context->completed == stats_context->total)
    {
      stats_context->cont (stats_context->cls, GNUNET_YES);
      GNUNET_free (stats_context);
    }

  if (core_context->stats_handle != NULL)
    GNUNET_STATISTICS_destroy (core_context->stats_handle, GNUNET_NO);

  GNUNET_free (core_context);
}

/**
 * Check running topology iteration tasks, if below max start a new one, otherwise
 * schedule for some time in the future.
 */
static void
schedule_get_statistics(void *cls,
                        const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct StatsCoreContext *core_context = cls;
  struct StatsIterateContext *stats_context =
      (struct StatsIterateContext *) core_context->iter_context;

  if ( (tc->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
    return;

  if (stats_context->connected > stats_context->pg->max_outstanding_connections)
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
          _
          ("Delaying connect, we have too many outstanding connections!\n"));
#endif
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                    GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                   GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                   100),
                                    &schedule_get_statistics, core_context);
    }
  else
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING > 2
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
          _("Creating connection, outstanding_connections is %d\n"),
          outstanding_connects);
#endif

      stats_context->connected++;
      core_context->stats_handle
          = GNUNET_STATISTICS_create ("testing", core_context->daemon->cfg);
      if (core_context->stats_handle == NULL)
        {
          internal_stats_cont (core_context, GNUNET_NO);
          return;
        }

      core_context->stats_get_handle
          = GNUNET_STATISTICS_get (core_context->stats_handle, NULL, NULL,
                                   GNUNET_TIME_relative_get_forever (),
                                   &internal_stats_cont,
                                   &internal_stats_callback, core_context);
      if (core_context->stats_get_handle == NULL)
        internal_stats_cont (core_context, GNUNET_NO);

    }
}

struct DuplicateStats
{
  /**
   * Next item in the list
   */
  struct DuplicateStats *next;

  /**
   * Nasty string, concatenation of relevant information.
   */
  char *unique_string;
};

/**
 * Check whether the combination of port/host/unix domain socket
 * already exists in the list of peers being checked for statistics.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup in question
 * @param specific_peer the peer we're concerned with
 * @param stats_list the list to return to the caller
 *
 * @return GNUNET_YES if the statistics instance has been seen already,
 *         GNUNET_NO if not (and we may have added it to the list)
 */
static int
stats_check_existing(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                     struct PeerData *specific_peer,
                     struct DuplicateStats **stats_list)
{
  struct DuplicateStats *pos;
  char *unix_domain_socket;
  unsigned long long port;
  char *to_match;
  if (GNUNET_YES
      != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_yesno (pg->cfg, "testing",
                                               "single_statistics_per_host"))
    return GNUNET_NO; /* Each peer has its own statistics instance, do nothing! */

  pos = *stats_list;
  if (GNUNET_OK != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (specific_peer->cfg,
                                                          "statistics",
                                                          "unixpath",
                                                          &unix_domain_socket))
    return GNUNET_NO;

  if (GNUNET_OK != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_number (specific_peer->cfg,
                                                          "statistics", "port",
                                                          &port))
    {
      GNUNET_free(unix_domain_socket);
      return GNUNET_NO;
    }

  if (specific_peer->daemon->hostname != NULL)
    GNUNET_asprintf (&to_match, "%s%s%llu", specific_peer->daemon->hostname,
                     unix_domain_socket, port);
  else
    GNUNET_asprintf (&to_match, "%s%llu", unix_domain_socket, port);

  while (pos != NULL)
    {
      if (0 == strcmp (to_match, pos->unique_string))
        {
          GNUNET_free (unix_domain_socket);
          GNUNET_free (to_match);
          return GNUNET_YES;
        }
      pos = pos->next;
    }
  pos = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct DuplicateStats));
  pos->unique_string = to_match;
  pos->next = *stats_list;
  *stats_list = pos;
  GNUNET_free (unix_domain_socket);
  return GNUNET_NO;
}

/**
 * Iterate over all (running) peers in the peer group, retrieve
 * all statistics from each.
 *
 * @param pg the peergroup to iterate statistics of
 * @param cont continuation to call once all stats have been retrieved
 * @param proc processing function for each statistic from each peer
 * @param cls closure to pass to proc
 *
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_get_statistics(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                              GNUNET_STATISTICS_Callback cont,
                              GNUNET_TESTING_STATISTICS_Iterator proc,
                              void *cls)
{
  struct StatsIterateContext *stats_context;
  struct StatsCoreContext *core_ctx;
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int total_count;
  struct DuplicateStats *stats_list;
  struct DuplicateStats *pos;
  stats_list = NULL;

  /* Allocate a single stats iteration context */
  stats_context = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct StatsIterateContext));
  stats_context->cont = cont;
  stats_context->proc = proc;
  stats_context->cls = cls;
  stats_context->pg = pg;
  total_count = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      if ((pg->peers[i].daemon->running == GNUNET_YES) && (GNUNET_NO
          == stats_check_existing (pg, &pg->peers[i], &stats_list)))
        {
          /* Allocate one core context per core we need to connect to */
          core_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct StatsCoreContext));
          core_ctx->daemon = pg->peers[i].daemon;
          /* Set back pointer to topology iteration context */
          core_ctx->iter_context = stats_context;
          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_get_statistics, core_ctx);
          total_count++;
        }
    }

  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
              "Retrieving stats from %u total instances.\n", total_count);
  stats_context->total = total_count;
  if (stats_list != NULL)
    {
      pos = stats_list;
      while (pos != NULL)
        {
          GNUNET_free (pos->unique_string);
          stats_list = pos->next;
          GNUNET_free (pos);
          pos = stats_list->next;
        }
    }
  return;
}

/**
 * Stop the connection process temporarily.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group to stop connecting
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_stop_connections(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  pg->stop_connects = GNUNET_YES;
}

/**
 * Resume the connection process temporarily.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group to resume connecting
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_resume_connections(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  pg->stop_connects = GNUNET_NO;
}

/**
 * There are many ways to connect peers that are supported by this function.
 * To connect peers in the same topology that was created via the
 * GNUNET_TESTING_create_topology, the topology variable must be set to
 * GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_NONE.  If the topology variable is specified,
 * a new instance of that topology will be generated and attempted to be
 * connected.  This could result in some connections being impossible,
 * because some topologies are non-deterministic.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group struct representing the running peers
 * @param topology which topology to connect the peers in
 * @param options options for connecting the topology
 * @param option_modifier modifier for options that take a parameter
 * @param connect_timeout how long to wait before giving up on connecting
 *                        two peers
 * @param connect_attempts how many times to attempt to connect two peers
 *                         over the connect_timeout duration
 * @param notify_callback notification to be called once all connections completed
 * @param notify_cls closure for notification callback
 *
 * @return the number of connections that will be attempted, GNUNET_SYSERR on error
 */
int
GNUNET_TESTING_connect_topology(
                                struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                                enum GNUNET_TESTING_Topology topology,
                                enum GNUNET_TESTING_TopologyOption options,
                                double option_modifier,
                                struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative connect_timeout,
                                unsigned int connect_attempts,
                                GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion notify_callback,
                                void *notify_cls)
{
  switch (topology)
    {
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_CLIQUE:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating clique CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_clique (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT, GNUNET_NO);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SMALL_WORLD_RING:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating small world (ring) CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_small_world_ring (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SMALL_WORLD:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating small world (2d-torus) CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_small_world (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_RING:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _("Creating ring CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_ring (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_2D_TORUS:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating 2d torus CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_2d_torus (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_ERDOS_RENYI:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating Erdos-Renyi CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_erdos_renyi (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_INTERNAT:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating InterNAT CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_nated_internet (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_SCALE_FREE:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating Scale Free CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_scale_free (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_LINE:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Creating straight line CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    create_line (pg, &add_connections, CONNECT);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_NONE:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _("Creating no CONNECT topology\n"));
#endif
    copy_allowed_topology (pg);
    break;
  default:
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _
    ("Unknown topology specification, can't connect peers!\n"));
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
    }

  switch (options)
    {
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_OPTION_RANDOM:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _
    ("Connecting random subset (%'.2f percent) of possible peers\n"), 100
        * option_modifier);
#endif
    choose_random_connections (pg, option_modifier);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_OPTION_MINIMUM:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                _("Connecting a minimum of %u peers each (if possible)\n"),
                (unsigned int) option_modifier);
#endif
    choose_minimum (pg, (unsigned int) option_modifier);
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_OPTION_DFS:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, _
    ("Using DFS to connect a minimum of %u peers each (if possible)\n"),
                (unsigned int) option_modifier);
#endif
#if FIXME
    perform_dfs (pg, (int) option_modifier);
#endif
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_OPTION_ADD_CLOSEST:
#if VERBOSE_TOPOLOGY
    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _
    ("Finding additional %u closest peers each (if possible)\n"),
                (unsigned int) option_modifier);
#endif
#if FIXME
    add_closest (pg, (unsigned int) option_modifier,
        &add_connections, CONNECT);
#endif
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_OPTION_NONE:
    break;
  case GNUNET_TESTING_TOPOLOGY_OPTION_ALL:
    break;
  default:
    break;
    }

  return connect_topology (pg, connect_timeout, connect_attempts,
                           notify_callback, notify_cls);
}

/**
 * Lookup and return the number of SSH connections to a host.
 *
 * @param hostname the hostname to lookup in the list
 * @param pg the peergroup that the host belongs to
 *
 * @return the number of current ssh connections to the host
 */
static unsigned int
count_outstanding_at_host(const char *hostname,
                          struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  struct OutstandingSSH *pos;
  pos = pg->ssh_head;
  while ((pos != NULL) && (strcmp (pos->hostname, hostname) != 0))
    pos = pos->next;
  GNUNET_assert(pos != NULL);
  return pos->outstanding;
}

/**
 * Increment the number of SSH connections to a host by one.
 *
 * @param hostname the hostname to lookup in the list
 * @param pg the peergroup that the host belongs to
 *
 */
static void
increment_outstanding_at_host(const char *hostname,
                              struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  struct OutstandingSSH *pos;
  pos = pg->ssh_head;
  while ((pos != NULL) && (strcmp (pos->hostname, hostname) != 0))
    pos = pos->next;
  GNUNET_assert(pos != NULL);
  pos->outstanding++;
}

/**
 * Decrement the number of SSH connections to a host by one.
 *
 * @param hostname the hostname to lookup in the list
 * @param pg the peergroup that the host belongs to
 *
 */
static void
decrement_outstanding_at_host(const char *hostname,
                              struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  struct OutstandingSSH *pos;
  pos = pg->ssh_head;
  while ((pos != NULL) && (strcmp (pos->hostname, hostname) != 0))
    pos = pos->next;
  GNUNET_assert(pos != NULL);
  pos->outstanding--;
}

/**
 * Callback that is called whenever a hostkey is generated
 * for a peer.  Call the real callback and decrement the
 * starting counter for the peergroup.
 *
 * @param cls closure
 * @param id identifier for the daemon, NULL on error
 * @param d handle for the daemon
 * @param emsg error message (NULL on success)
 */
static void
internal_hostkey_callback(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *id,
                          struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *d, const char *emsg)
{
  struct InternalStartContext *internal_context = cls;
  internal_context->peer->pg->starting--;
  internal_context->peer->pg->started++;
  if (internal_context->hostname != NULL)
    decrement_outstanding_at_host (internal_context->hostname,
                                   internal_context->peer->pg);
  if (internal_context->hostkey_callback != NULL)
    internal_context->hostkey_callback (internal_context->hostkey_cls, id, d,
                                        emsg);
  else if (internal_context->peer->pg->started
      == internal_context->peer->pg->total)
    {
      internal_context->peer->pg->started = 0; /* Internal startup may use this counter! */
      GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_continue_startup (internal_context->peer->pg);
    }
}

/**
 * Callback that is called whenever a peer has finished starting.
 * Call the real callback and decrement the starting counter
 * for the peergroup.
 *
 * @param cls closure
 * @param id identifier for the daemon, NULL on error
 * @param cfg config
 * @param d handle for the daemon
 * @param emsg error message (NULL on success)
 */
static void
internal_startup_callback(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *id,
                          const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                          struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *d, const char *emsg)
{
  struct InternalStartContext *internal_context = cls;
  internal_context->peer->pg->starting--;
  if (internal_context->hostname != NULL)
    decrement_outstanding_at_host (internal_context->hostname,
                                   internal_context->peer->pg);
  if (internal_context->start_cb != NULL)
    internal_context->start_cb (internal_context->start_cb_cls, id, cfg, d,
                                emsg);
}

static void
internal_continue_startup(void *cls,
                          const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct InternalStartContext *internal_context = cls;

  if ( (tc->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
    {
      return;
    }

  if ((internal_context->peer->pg->starting
      < internal_context->peer->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)
      || ((internal_context->hostname != NULL)
          && (count_outstanding_at_host (internal_context->hostname,
                                         internal_context->peer->pg)
              < internal_context->peer->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)))
    {
      if (internal_context->hostname != NULL)
        increment_outstanding_at_host (internal_context->hostname,
                                       internal_context->peer->pg);
      internal_context->peer->pg->starting++;
      GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_continue_startup (internal_context->peer->daemon);
    }
  else
    {
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                    GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                   GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                   100),
                                    &internal_continue_startup,
                                    internal_context);
    }
}

/**
 * Callback for informing us about a successful
 * or unsuccessful churn start call.
 *
 * @param cls a ChurnContext
 * @param id the peer identity of the started peer
 * @param cfg the handle to the configuration of the peer
 * @param d handle to the daemon for the peer
 * @param emsg NULL on success, non-NULL on failure
 *
 */
void
churn_start_callback(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *id,
                     const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                     struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *d, const char *emsg)
{
  struct ChurnRestartContext *startup_ctx = cls;
  struct ChurnContext *churn_ctx = startup_ctx->churn_ctx;

  unsigned int total_left;
  char *error_message;

  error_message = NULL;
  if (emsg != NULL)
    {
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  "Churn stop callback failed with error `%s'\n", emsg);
      churn_ctx->num_failed_start++;
    }
  else
    {
      churn_ctx->num_to_start--;
    }

  total_left = (churn_ctx->num_to_stop - churn_ctx->num_failed_stop)
      + (churn_ctx->num_to_start - churn_ctx->num_failed_start);

  if (total_left == 0)
    {
      if ((churn_ctx->num_failed_stop > 0) || (churn_ctx->num_failed_start > 0))
        GNUNET_asprintf (
                         &error_message,
                         "Churn didn't complete successfully, %u peers failed to start %u peers failed to be stopped!",
                         churn_ctx->num_failed_start,
                         churn_ctx->num_failed_stop);
      churn_ctx->cb (churn_ctx->cb_cls, error_message);
      GNUNET_free_non_null (error_message);
      GNUNET_free (churn_ctx);
      GNUNET_free (startup_ctx);
    }
}

static void
schedule_churn_restart(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct PeerRestartContext *peer_restart_ctx = cls;
  struct ChurnRestartContext *startup_ctx = peer_restart_ctx->churn_restart_ctx;

  if (startup_ctx->outstanding > startup_ctx->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                  GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                 GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                 100),
                                  &schedule_churn_restart, peer_restart_ctx);
  else
    {
      if (startup_ctx->churn_ctx->service != NULL)
        GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_start_stopped_service (peer_restart_ctx->daemon,
                                                     startup_ctx->churn_ctx->service,
                                                     startup_ctx->timeout,
                                                     &churn_start_callback, startup_ctx);
      else
        GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_start_stopped (peer_restart_ctx->daemon,
                                             startup_ctx->timeout,
                                             &churn_start_callback, startup_ctx);
      GNUNET_free (peer_restart_ctx);
    }
}

/**
 * Callback for informing us about a successful
 * or unsuccessful churn start call.
 *
 * @param cls a struct ServiceStartContext *startup_ctx
 * @param id the peer identity of the started peer
 * @param cfg the handle to the configuration of the peer
 * @param d handle to the daemon for the peer
 * @param emsg NULL on success, non-NULL on failure
 *
 */
void
service_start_callback(void *cls,
                       const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *id,
                       const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                       struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *d,
                       const char *emsg)
{
  struct ServiceStartContext *startup_ctx = (struct ServiceStartContext *)cls;

  if (emsg != NULL)
    {
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  "Service start failed with error `%s'\n", emsg);
    }

  startup_ctx->outstanding--;
  startup_ctx->remaining--;

  if (startup_ctx->remaining == 0)
    {
      startup_ctx->cb (startup_ctx->cb_cls, NULL);
      GNUNET_free (startup_ctx->service);
      GNUNET_free (startup_ctx);
    }
}

static void
schedule_service_start(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct PeerServiceStartContext *peer_ctx = cls;
  struct ServiceStartContext *startup_ctx = peer_ctx->start_ctx;

  if (startup_ctx->outstanding > startup_ctx->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                  GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                 GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                 100),
                                  &schedule_service_start, peer_ctx);
  else
    {

      GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_start_service (peer_ctx->daemon,
                                           startup_ctx->service,
                                           startup_ctx->timeout,
                                           &service_start_callback, startup_ctx);
      GNUNET_free (peer_ctx);
    }
}


static void
internal_start(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct InternalStartContext *internal_context = cls;

  if ( (tc->reason & GNUNET_SCHEDULER_REASON_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
    {
      return;
    }

  if ((internal_context->peer->pg->starting
      < internal_context->peer->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)
      || ((internal_context->hostname != NULL)
          && (count_outstanding_at_host (internal_context->hostname,
                                         internal_context->peer->pg)
              < internal_context->peer->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)))
    {
      if (internal_context->hostname != NULL)
        increment_outstanding_at_host (internal_context->hostname,
                                       internal_context->peer->pg);
      internal_context->peer->pg->starting++;
      internal_context->peer->daemon
          = GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_start (internal_context->peer->cfg,
                                         internal_context->timeout,
                                         GNUNET_NO,
                                         internal_context->hostname,
                                         internal_context->username,
                                         internal_context->sshport,
                                         internal_context->hostkey,
                                         &internal_hostkey_callback,
                                         internal_context,
                                         &internal_startup_callback,
                                         internal_context);
    }
  else
    {
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                    GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                   GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                   100),
                                    &internal_start, internal_context);
    }
}
#if USE_START_HELPER

struct PeerStartHelperContext
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;

  struct HostData *host;

  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *proc;
};

static void
check_peers_started (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct PeerStartHelperContext *helper = cls;
  enum GNUNET_OS_ProcessStatusType type;
  unsigned long code;
  unsigned int i;
  GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyDaemonRunning cb;

  if (GNUNET_NO == GNUNET_OS_process_status (helper->proc, &type, &code)) /* Still running, wait some more! */
  {
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed(GNUNET_CONSTANTS_EXEC_WAIT, &check_peers_started, helper);
    return;
  }

  helper->pg->starting--;
  if (helper->pg->starting == 0) /* All peers have finished starting! */
    {
      /* Call the peer started callback for each peer, set proper FSM state (?) */
      for (i = 0; i < helper->pg->total; i++)
        {
          cb = helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->cb;
          helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->cb = NULL;
          helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->running = GNUNET_YES;
          helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->phase = SP_START_DONE;
          if (NULL != cb)
          {
            if ((type != GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED) || (code != 0))
              cb (helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->cb_cls,
                  &helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->id,
                  helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->cfg, helper->pg->peers[i].daemon,
                  "Failed to execute peerStartHelper.pl, or return code bad!");
            else
              cb (helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->cb_cls,
                  &helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->id,
                  helper->pg->peers[i].daemon->cfg, helper->pg->peers[i].daemon,
                  NULL);

          }

        }
    }
  GNUNET_OS_process_close(helper->proc);
}

static void
start_peer_helper (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct PeerStartHelperContext *helper = cls;
  char *baseservicehome;
  char *tempdir;
  char *arg;
  /* ssh user@host peerStartHelper /path/to/basedirectory */
  GNUNET_assert(GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (helper->pg->cfg, "PATHS", "SERVICEHOME",
                                                                    &baseservicehome));
  GNUNET_asprintf(&tempdir, "%s/%s/", baseservicehome, helper->host->hostname);
  if (NULL != helper->host->username)
    GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s@%s", helper->host->username, helper->host->hostname);
  else
    GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s", helper->host->hostname);

  /* FIXME: Doesn't support ssh_port option! */
  helper->proc = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL, "ssh", "ssh", arg,
                                  "peerStartHelper.pl", tempdir,  NULL);
  GNUNET_assert(helper->proc != NULL);
  GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "starting peers with cmd ssh %s %s %s\n", arg, "peerStartHelper.pl", tempdir);
  GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&check_peers_started, helper);
  GNUNET_free (tempdir);
  GNUNET_free (baseservicehome);
  GNUNET_free (arg);
}
#endif

/**
 * Function which continues a peer group starting up
 * after successfully generating hostkeys for each peer.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group to continue starting
 *
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_continue_startup(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  unsigned int i;

#if USE_START_HELPER
  if ((pg->num_hosts > 0) && (pg->hostkey_data != NULL))
    {
      struct PeerStartHelperContext *helper;
      pg->starting = pg->num_hosts;
      for (i = 0; i < pg->num_hosts; i++)
        {
          helper = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct PeerStartHelperContext));
          helper->pg = pg;
          helper->host = &pg->hosts[i];
          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now(&start_peer_helper, helper);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      pg->starting = 0;
      for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
        {
          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&internal_continue_startup,
                                    &pg->peers[i].internal_context);
        }
    }
#else
  pg->starting = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&internal_continue_startup,
                                &pg->peers[i].internal_context);
    }
#endif
}

#if USE_START_HELPER
static void
call_hostkey_callbacks (void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg = cls;
  unsigned int i;
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      if (pg->peers[i].internal_context.hostkey_callback != NULL)
        pg->peers[i].internal_context.hostkey_callback (pg->peers[i].internal_context.hostkey_cls,
                                                           &pg->peers[i].daemon->id,
                                                           pg->peers[i].daemon,
                                                           NULL);
    }

  if (pg->peers[0].internal_context.hostkey_callback == NULL)
    GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_continue_startup (pg);
}
#endif

/**
 * Start count gnunet instances with the same set of transports and
 * applications.  The port numbers (any option called "PORT") will be
 * adjusted to ensure that no two peers running on the same system
 * have the same port(s) in their respective configurations.
 *
 * @param cfg configuration template to use
 * @param total number of daemons to start
 * @param max_concurrent_connections for testing, how many peers can
 *                                   we connect to simultaneously
 * @param max_concurrent_ssh when starting with ssh, how many ssh
 *        connections will we allow at once (based on remote hosts allowed!)
 * @param timeout total time allowed for peers to start
 * @param hostkey_callback function to call on each peers hostkey generation
 *        if NULL, peers will be started by this call, if non-null,
 *        GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_continue_startup must be called after
 *        successful hostkey generation
 * @param hostkey_cls closure for hostkey callback
 * @param cb function to call on each daemon that was started
 * @param cb_cls closure for cb
 * @param connect_callback function to call each time two hosts are connected
 * @param connect_callback_cls closure for connect_callback
 * @param hostnames linked list of host structs to use to start peers on
 *                  (NULL to run on localhost only)
 *
 * @return NULL on error, otherwise handle to control peer group
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_start(const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                             unsigned int total,
                             unsigned int max_concurrent_connections,
                             unsigned int max_concurrent_ssh,
                             struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
                             GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyHostkeyCreated hostkey_callback,
                             void *hostkey_cls,
                             GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyDaemonRunning cb,
                             void *cb_cls,
                             GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyConnection connect_callback,
                             void *connect_callback_cls,
                             const struct GNUNET_TESTING_Host *hostnames)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg;
  const struct GNUNET_TESTING_Host *hostpos;
  const char *hostname;
  const char *username;
  char *baseservicehome;
  char *newservicehome;
  char *tmpdir;
  char *hostkeys_file;
  char *arg;
  char *ssh_port_str;
  struct GNUNET_DISK_FileHandle *fd;
  struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *pcfg;
  unsigned int off;
  struct OutstandingSSH *ssh_entry;
  unsigned int hostcnt;
  unsigned int i;
  uint16_t minport;
  uint16_t sshport;
  uint32_t upnum;
  uint32_t fdnum;
  uint64_t fs;
  uint64_t total_hostkeys;
  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *proc;

  username = NULL;
  if (0 == total)
    {
      GNUNET_break (0);
      return NULL;
    }

  upnum = 0;
  fdnum = 0;
  pg = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup));
  pg->cfg = cfg;
  pg->notify_connection = connect_callback;
  pg->notify_connection_cls = connect_callback_cls;
  pg->total = total;
  pg->max_timeout = GNUNET_TIME_relative_to_absolute (timeout);
  pg->peers = GNUNET_malloc (total * sizeof (struct PeerData));
  pg->max_outstanding_connections = max_concurrent_connections;
  pg->max_concurrent_ssh = max_concurrent_ssh;
  if (NULL != hostnames)
    {
      off = 0;
      hostpos = hostnames;
      while (hostpos != NULL)
        {
          hostpos = hostpos->next;
          off++;
        }
      pg->hosts = GNUNET_malloc (off * sizeof (struct HostData));
      off = 0;

      hostpos = hostnames;
      while (hostpos != NULL)
        {
          pg->hosts[off].minport = LOW_PORT;
          pg->hosts[off].hostname = GNUNET_strdup (hostpos->hostname);
          if (hostpos->username != NULL)
            pg->hosts[off].username = GNUNET_strdup (hostpos->username);
          pg->hosts[off].sshport = hostpos->port;
          hostpos = hostpos->next;
          off++;
        }

      if (off == 0)
        {
          pg->hosts = NULL;
        }
      hostcnt = off;
      minport = 0;
      pg->num_hosts = off;
    }
  else
    {
      hostcnt = 0;
      minport = LOW_PORT;
    }

  /* Create the servicehome directory for each remote peer */
  GNUNET_assert(GNUNET_OK ==
                GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg, "PATHS", "SERVICEHOME",
                                                       &baseservicehome));
  for (i = 0; i < pg->num_hosts; i++)
    {
      ssh_entry = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct OutstandingSSH));
      ssh_entry->hostname = pg->hosts[i].hostname; /* Don't free! */
      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert(pg->ssh_head, pg->ssh_tail, ssh_entry);
      GNUNET_asprintf(&tmpdir, "%s/%s", baseservicehome, pg->hosts[i].hostname);
      if (NULL != pg->hosts[i].username)
        GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s@%s", pg->hosts[i].username,
                         pg->hosts[i].hostname);
      else
        GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, "%s", pg->hosts[i].hostname);
      if (pg->hosts[i].sshport != 0)
        {
          GNUNET_asprintf (&ssh_port_str, "%d", pg->hosts[i].sshport);
          proc = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL, "ssh", "ssh", "-P",
                                          ssh_port_str,
#if !DEBUG_TESTING
                                          "-q",
#endif
                                          arg, "mkdir -p", tmpdir,
                                          NULL);
        }
      else
        proc = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL, "ssh", "ssh", arg,
                                        "mkdir -p", tmpdir, NULL);
      GNUNET_assert(proc != NULL);
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                  "Creating remote dir with command ssh %s %s %s\n", arg,
                  " mkdir -p ", tmpdir);
      GNUNET_free(tmpdir);
      GNUNET_free(arg);
      GNUNET_OS_process_wait (proc);
      GNUNET_OS_process_close(proc);
    }
  GNUNET_free(baseservicehome);
  baseservicehome = NULL;

  if (GNUNET_YES == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg, "TESTING",
                                                           "HOSTKEYSFILE",
                                                           &hostkeys_file))
    {
      if (GNUNET_YES != GNUNET_DISK_file_test (hostkeys_file))
        GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, 
                    _("Could not read hostkeys file!\n"));
      else
        {
          /* Check hostkey file size, read entire thing into memory */
          fd = GNUNET_DISK_file_open (hostkeys_file,
                                      GNUNET_DISK_OPEN_READ,
                                      GNUNET_DISK_PERM_NONE);
          if (NULL == fd)
            {
              GNUNET_log_strerror_file (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, 
                                        "open", 
                                        hostkeys_file);
              GNUNET_free (hostkeys_file);
              for (i=0;i<pg->num_hosts;i++)
                {
                  GNUNET_free (pg->hosts[i].hostname);
                  GNUNET_free_non_null (pg->hosts[i].username);
                }
              GNUNET_free (pg->peers);
              GNUNET_free (pg->hosts);
              GNUNET_free (pg);
              return NULL;
            }

          if (GNUNET_YES != GNUNET_DISK_file_size (hostkeys_file, &fs,
                                                   GNUNET_YES))
            fs = 0;

          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                      "Found file size %llu for hostkeys, expect hostkeys to be size %d\n",
                      fs, HOSTKEYFILESIZE);

          if (0 != (fs % HOSTKEYFILESIZE))
            {
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                          "File size %llu seems incorrect for hostkeys...\n",
                          fs);
            }
          else
            {
              total_hostkeys = fs / HOSTKEYFILESIZE;
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                          "Will read %llu hostkeys from file\n",
                          total_hostkeys);
              pg->hostkey_data = GNUNET_malloc_large (fs);
              GNUNET_assert (fs == GNUNET_DISK_file_read (fd, pg->hostkey_data, fs));
            }
          GNUNET_assert(GNUNET_OK == GNUNET_DISK_file_close(fd));
        }
      GNUNET_free(hostkeys_file);
    }

  for (off = 0; off < total; off++)
    {
      if (hostcnt > 0)
        {
          hostname = pg->hosts[off % hostcnt].hostname;
          username = pg->hosts[off % hostcnt].username;
          sshport = pg->hosts[off % hostcnt].sshport;
          pcfg = make_config (cfg, off, &pg->hosts[off % hostcnt].minport,
                              &upnum, hostname, &fdnum);
        }
      else
        {
          hostname = NULL;
          username = NULL;
          sshport = 0;
          pcfg = make_config (cfg, off, &minport, &upnum, hostname, &fdnum);
        }

      if (NULL == pcfg)
        {
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, 
                      _("Could not create configuration for peer number %u on `%s'!\n"),
                      off, 
                      hostname == NULL ? "localhost" : hostname);
          continue;
        }

      if (GNUNET_YES
          == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (pcfg, "PATHS",
                                                    "SERVICEHOME",
                                                    &baseservicehome))
        {
          if (hostname != NULL)
            GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/%s/%d/", baseservicehome, hostname, off);
          else
            GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/%d/", baseservicehome, off);
          GNUNET_free (baseservicehome);
          baseservicehome = NULL;
        }
      else
        {
          tmpdir = getenv ("TMPDIR");
          tmpdir = tmpdir ? tmpdir : "/tmp";
          if (hostname != NULL)
            GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/%s/%s/%d/", tmpdir, hostname,
                             "gnunet-testing-test-test", off);
          else
            GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/%s/%d/", tmpdir,
                             "gnunet-testing-test-test", off);
        }
      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_set_value_string (pcfg, "PATHS", "SERVICEHOME",
                                             newservicehome);
      GNUNET_free (newservicehome);
      pg->peers[off].cfg = pcfg;
      pg->peers[off].pg = pg;
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.peer = &pg->peers[off];
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.timeout = timeout;
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.hostname = hostname;
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.username = username;
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.sshport = sshport;
      if (pg->hostkey_data != NULL)
        pg->peers[off].internal_context.hostkey = &pg->hostkey_data[off
            * HOSTKEYFILESIZE];
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.hostkey_callback = hostkey_callback;
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.hostkey_cls = hostkey_cls;
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.start_cb = cb;
      pg->peers[off].internal_context.start_cb_cls = cb_cls;
#if !USE_START_HELPER
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&internal_start,
                                &pg->peers[off].internal_context);
#else
      if ((pg->hostkey_data != NULL) && (hostcnt > 0))
        {
          pg->peers[off].daemon
            = GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_start (pcfg,
                                           timeout,
                                           GNUNET_YES,
                                           hostname,
                                           username,
                                           sshport,
                                           pg->peers[off].internal_context.hostkey,
                                           &internal_hostkey_callback,
                                           &pg->peers[off].internal_context,
                                           &internal_startup_callback,
                                           &pg->peers[off].internal_context);
          /**
           * At this point, given that we had a hostkeyfile,
           * we can call the hostkey callback!
           * But first, we should copy (rsync) all of the configs
           * and hostkeys to the remote peers.  Then let topology
           * creation happen, then call the peer start helper processes,
           * then set pg->whatever_phase for each peer and let them
           * enter the fsm to get the HELLO's for peers and start connecting.
           */
        }
      else
        {
          GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&internal_start,
                                    &pg->peers[off].internal_context);
        }

#endif
    }

#if USE_START_HELPER /* Now the peergroup has been set up, hostkeys and configs written to files. */
  if ((pg->hostkey_data != NULL) && (hostcnt > 0))
    {
      for (off = 0; off < hostcnt; off++)
        {

          if (hostcnt > 0)
            {
              hostname = pg->hosts[off % hostcnt].hostname;
              username = pg->hosts[off % hostcnt].username;
              sshport = pg->hosts[off % hostcnt].sshport;
            }
          else
            {
              hostname = NULL;
              username = NULL;
              sshport = 0;
            }

          if (GNUNET_YES
              == GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg, "PATHS",
                                                        "SERVICEHOME",
                                                        &baseservicehome))
            {
              GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "baseservice home is %s\n", baseservicehome);
              if (hostname != NULL)
                GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/%s/", baseservicehome, hostname);
              else
                GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/", baseservicehome);
              GNUNET_free (baseservicehome);
              baseservicehome = NULL;
            }
          else
            {
              tmpdir = getenv ("TMPDIR");
              tmpdir = tmpdir ? tmpdir : "/tmp";
              if (hostname != NULL)
                GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/%s/%s/", tmpdir, hostname,
                                 "gnunet-testing-test-test");
              else
                GNUNET_asprintf (&newservicehome, "%s/%s/", tmpdir,
                                 "gnunet-testing-test-test", off);
            }

          if (NULL != username)
            GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, 
                             "%s@%s:%s",
                             username, 
                             pg->hosts[off].hostname, 
                             newservicehome);
          else
            GNUNET_asprintf (&arg, 
                             "%s:%s",
                             pg->hosts[off].hostname,
                             newservicehome);
          
          /* FIXME: Doesn't support ssh_port option! */
          proc = GNUNET_OS_start_process (NULL, NULL,
                                          "rsync",
                                          "rsync", "-r", newservicehome, arg, NULL);

          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                      "copying directory with command rsync -r %s %s\n", 
                      newservicehome, arg);
          GNUNET_free(newservicehome);
          GNUNET_free (arg);
          if (NULL == proc)
            {
              GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                          _("Could not start `%s' process to copy configuration directory.\n"),
                          "scp");
              GNUNET_assert(0);
            }
          GNUNET_OS_process_wait (proc);
          GNUNET_OS_process_close (proc);
        }
      /* Now all the configuration files and hostkeys are copied to the remote host.  Call the hostkey callback for each peer! */
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&call_hostkey_callbacks, pg);
    }
#endif
  return pg;
}

/*
 * Get a daemon by number, so callers don't have to do nasty
 * offsetting operation.
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *
GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_get(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                          unsigned int position)
{
  if (position < pg->total)
    return pg->peers[position].daemon;
  return NULL;
}

/*
 * Get a daemon by peer identity, so callers can
 * retrieve the daemon without knowing it's offset.
 *
 * @param pg the peer group to retrieve the daemon from
 * @param peer_id the peer identity of the daemon to retrieve
 *
 * @return the daemon on success, or NULL if no such peer identity is found
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *
GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_get_by_id(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                                struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *peer_id)
{
  unsigned int i;

  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      if (0 == memcmp (&pg->peers[i].daemon->id, peer_id,
                       sizeof(struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity)))
        return pg->peers[i].daemon;
    }
  return NULL;
}

/**
 * Prototype of a function that will be called when a
 * particular operation was completed the testing library.
 *
 * @param cls closure (a struct RestartContext)
 * @param id id of the peer that was restarted
 * @param cfg handle to the configuration of the peer
 * @param d handle to the daemon that was restarted
 * @param emsg NULL on success
 */
static void
restart_callback(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *id,
                 const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                 struct GNUNET_TESTING_Daemon *d, const char *emsg)
{
  struct RestartContext *restart_context = cls;

  if (emsg == NULL)
    {
      restart_context->peers_restarted++;
    }
  else
    {
      restart_context->peers_restart_failed++;
    }

  if (restart_context->peers_restarted == restart_context->peer_group->total)
    {
      restart_context->callback (restart_context->callback_cls, NULL);
      GNUNET_free (restart_context);
    }
  else if (restart_context->peers_restart_failed
      + restart_context->peers_restarted == restart_context->peer_group->total)
    {
      restart_context->callback (restart_context->callback_cls,
                                 "Failed to restart peers!");
      GNUNET_free (restart_context);
    }

}

/**
 * Callback for informing us about a successful
 * or unsuccessful churn stop call.
 *
 * @param cls a ChurnContext
 * @param emsg NULL on success, non-NULL on failure
 *
 */
static void
churn_stop_callback(void *cls, const char *emsg)
{
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx = cls;
  struct ChurnContext *churn_ctx = shutdown_ctx->cb_cls;
  unsigned int total_left;
  char *error_message;

  error_message = NULL;
  shutdown_ctx->outstanding--;

  if (emsg != NULL)
    {
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  "Churn stop callback failed with error `%s'\n", emsg);
      churn_ctx->num_failed_stop++;
    }
  else
    {
      churn_ctx->num_to_stop--;
    }

  total_left = (churn_ctx->num_to_stop - churn_ctx->num_failed_stop)
      + (churn_ctx->num_to_start - churn_ctx->num_failed_start);

  if (total_left == 0)
    {
      if ((churn_ctx->num_failed_stop > 0) || (churn_ctx->num_failed_start > 0))
        {
          GNUNET_asprintf (
                           &error_message,
                           "Churn didn't complete successfully, %u peers failed to start %u peers failed to be stopped!",
                           churn_ctx->num_failed_start,
                           churn_ctx->num_failed_stop);
        }
      churn_ctx->cb (churn_ctx->cb_cls, error_message);
      GNUNET_free_non_null (error_message);
      GNUNET_free (churn_ctx);
      GNUNET_free (shutdown_ctx);
    }
}

/**
 * Count the number of running peers.
 *
 * @param pg handle for the peer group
 *
 * @return the number of currently running peers in the peer group
 */
unsigned int
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_running(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg)
{
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int running = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      if (pg->peers[i].daemon->running == GNUNET_YES)
        {
          GNUNET_assert (running != -1);
          running++;
        }
    }
  return running;
}

/**
 * Task to rate limit the number of outstanding peer shutdown
 * requests.  This is necessary for making sure we don't do
 * too many ssh connections at once, but is generally nicer
 * to any system as well (graduated task starts, as opposed
 * to calling gnunet-arm N times all at once).
 */
static void
schedule_churn_shutdown_task(void *cls,
                             const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct PeerShutdownContext *peer_shutdown_ctx = cls;
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx;
  struct ChurnContext *churn_ctx;
  GNUNET_assert (peer_shutdown_ctx != NULL);
  shutdown_ctx = peer_shutdown_ctx->shutdown_ctx;
  GNUNET_assert (shutdown_ctx != NULL);
  churn_ctx = (struct ChurnContext *) shutdown_ctx->cb_cls;
  if (shutdown_ctx->outstanding > churn_ctx->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (
                                  GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (
                                                                 GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                 100),
                                  &schedule_churn_shutdown_task,
                                  peer_shutdown_ctx);
  else
    {
      shutdown_ctx->outstanding++;
      if (churn_ctx->service != NULL)
        GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_stop_service (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon,
                                            churn_ctx->service,
                                            shutdown_ctx->timeout, shutdown_ctx->cb,
                                            shutdown_ctx);
      else
        GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_stop (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon,
                                    shutdown_ctx->timeout, shutdown_ctx->cb,
                                    shutdown_ctx, GNUNET_NO, GNUNET_YES);
      GNUNET_free (peer_shutdown_ctx);
    }
}


/**
 * Simulate churn by stopping some peers (and possibly
 * re-starting others if churn is called multiple times).  This
 * function can only be used to create leave-join churn (peers "never"
 * leave for good).  First "voff" random peers that are currently
 * online will be taken offline; then "von" random peers that are then
 * offline will be put back online.  No notifications will be
 * generated for any of these operations except for the callback upon
 * completion.
 *
 * @param pg handle for the peer group
 * @param service the service to churn off/on, NULL to churn peer
 * @param voff number of peers that should go offline
 * @param von number of peers that should come back online;
 *            must be zero on first call (since "testbed_start"
 *            always starts all of the peers)
 * @param timeout how long to wait for operations to finish before
 *        giving up
 * @param cb function to call at the end
 * @param cb_cls closure for cb
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_churn(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                             char *service,
                             unsigned int voff, unsigned int von,
                             struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
                             GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion cb, void *cb_cls)
{
  struct ChurnContext *churn_ctx;
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx;
  struct PeerShutdownContext *peer_shutdown_ctx;
  struct PeerRestartContext *peer_restart_ctx;
  struct ChurnRestartContext *churn_startup_ctx;

  unsigned int running;
  unsigned int stopped;
  unsigned int total_running;
  unsigned int total_stopped;
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int *running_arr;
  unsigned int *stopped_arr;
  unsigned int *running_permute;
  unsigned int *stopped_permute;
  char *pos;

  shutdown_ctx = NULL;
  peer_shutdown_ctx = NULL;
  peer_restart_ctx = NULL;
  churn_startup_ctx = NULL;

  running = 0;
  stopped = 0;

  if ((von == 0) && (voff == 0)) /* No peers at all? */
    {
      cb (cb_cls, NULL);
      return;
    }

  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      if (service == NULL)
        {
          if (pg->peers[i].daemon->running == GNUNET_YES)
            {
              GNUNET_assert (running != -1);
              running++;
            }
          else
            {
              GNUNET_assert (stopped != -1);
              stopped++;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* FIXME: make churned services a list! */
          pos = pg->peers[i].daemon->churned_services;
          /* FIXME: while (pos != NULL) */
          if (pos != NULL)
            {
#if FIXME
               if (0 == strcasecmp(pos, service))
                {

                  break;
                }
#endif
                  GNUNET_assert (stopped != -1);
                  stopped++;
              /* FIXME: pos = pos->next; */
            }
          if (pos == NULL)
            {
              GNUNET_assert (running != -1);
              running++;
            }
        }
    }

  if (voff > running)
    {
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  "Trying to stop more peers (%d) than are currently running (%d)!\n", voff, running);
      cb (cb_cls, "Trying to stop more peers than are currently running!");
      return;
    }

  if (von > stopped)
    {
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  "Trying to start more peers (%d) than are currently stopped (%d)!\n", von, stopped);
      cb (cb_cls, "Trying to start more peers than are currently stopped!");
      return;
    }

  churn_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ChurnContext));

  if (service != NULL)
    churn_ctx->service = GNUNET_strdup(service);
  running_arr = NULL;
  if (running > 0)
    running_arr = GNUNET_malloc (running * sizeof (unsigned int));

  stopped_arr = NULL;
  if (stopped > 0)
    stopped_arr = GNUNET_malloc (stopped * sizeof (unsigned int));

  running_permute = NULL;
  stopped_permute = NULL;

  if (running > 0)
    running_permute = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_permute (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                    running);
  if (stopped > 0)
    stopped_permute = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_permute (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                                    stopped);

  total_running = running;
  total_stopped = stopped;
  running = 0;
  stopped = 0;

  churn_ctx->num_to_start = von;
  churn_ctx->num_to_stop = voff;
  churn_ctx->cb = cb;
  churn_ctx->cb_cls = cb_cls;
  churn_ctx->pg = pg;

  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
      if (service == NULL)
        {
          if (pg->peers[i].daemon->running == GNUNET_YES)
            {
              GNUNET_assert ((running_arr != NULL) && (total_running > running));
              running_arr[running] = i;
              running++;
            }
          else
            {
              GNUNET_assert ((stopped_arr != NULL) && (total_stopped > stopped));
              stopped_arr[stopped] = i;
              stopped++;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* FIXME: make churned services a list! */
          pos = pg->peers[i].daemon->churned_services;
          /* FIXME: while (pos != NULL) */
          if (pos != NULL)
            {
              GNUNET_assert ((stopped_arr != NULL) && (total_stopped > stopped));
              stopped_arr[stopped] = i;
              stopped++;
              /* FIXME: pos = pos->next; */
            }
          if (pos == NULL)
            {
              GNUNET_assert ((running_arr != NULL) && (total_running > running));
              running_arr[running] = i;
              running++;
            }
        }
    }

  GNUNET_assert (running >= voff);
  if (voff > 0)
    {
      shutdown_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ShutdownContext));
      shutdown_ctx->cb = &churn_stop_callback;
      shutdown_ctx->cb_cls = churn_ctx;
      shutdown_ctx->total_peers = voff;
      shutdown_ctx->timeout = timeout;
    }

  for (i = 0; i < voff; i++)
    {
#if DEBUG_CHURN
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Stopping peer %d!\n", running_arr[running_permute[i]]);
#endif
      GNUNET_assert (running_arr != NULL);
      peer_shutdown_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct PeerShutdownContext));
      peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon
          = pg->peers[running_arr[running_permute[i]]].daemon;
      peer_shutdown_ctx->shutdown_ctx = shutdown_ctx;
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_churn_shutdown_task,
                                peer_shutdown_ctx);
    }

  GNUNET_assert (stopped >= von);
  if (von > 0)
    {
      churn_startup_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ChurnRestartContext));
      churn_startup_ctx->churn_ctx = churn_ctx;
      churn_startup_ctx->timeout = timeout;
      churn_startup_ctx->pg = pg;
    }
  for (i = 0; i < von; i++)
    {
#if DEBUG_CHURN
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Starting up peer %d!\n", stopped_arr[stopped_permute[i]]);
#endif
      GNUNET_assert (stopped_arr != NULL);
      peer_restart_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct PeerRestartContext));
      peer_restart_ctx->churn_restart_ctx = churn_startup_ctx;
      peer_restart_ctx->daemon
          = pg->peers[stopped_arr[stopped_permute[i]]].daemon;
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_churn_restart, peer_restart_ctx);
    }

  GNUNET_free_non_null (running_arr);
  GNUNET_free_non_null (stopped_arr);
  GNUNET_free_non_null (running_permute);
  GNUNET_free_non_null (stopped_permute);
}

/*
 * Start a given service for each of the peers in the peer group.
 *
 * @param pg handle for the peer group
 * @param service the service to start
 * @param timeout how long to wait for operations to finish before
 *        giving up
 * @param cb function to call once finished
 * @param cb_cls closure for cb
 *
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_start_service (struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                                      char *service,
                                      struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
                                      GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion cb,
                                      void *cb_cls)
{
  struct ServiceStartContext *start_ctx;
  struct PeerServiceStartContext *peer_start_ctx;
  unsigned int i;

  GNUNET_assert(service != NULL);

  start_ctx = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct ServiceStartContext));
  start_ctx->pg = pg;
  start_ctx->remaining = pg->total;
  start_ctx->cb = cb;
  start_ctx->cb_cls = cb_cls;
  start_ctx->service = GNUNET_strdup(service);
  start_ctx->timeout = timeout;

  for (i = 0; i < pg->total; i++)
    {
#if DEBUG_START
      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "Starting up service %s on peer %d!\n", service, stopped_arr[stopped_permute[i]]);
#endif
      peer_start_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct PeerServiceStartContext));
      peer_start_ctx->start_ctx = start_ctx;
      peer_start_ctx->daemon = pg->peers[i].daemon;
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_service_start, peer_start_ctx);
    }
}

/**
 * Restart all peers in the given group.
 *
 * @param pg the handle to the peer group
 * @param callback function to call on completion (or failure)
 * @param callback_cls closure for the callback function
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_restart(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                               GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion callback,
                               void *callback_cls)
{
  struct RestartContext *restart_context;
  unsigned int off;

  if (pg->total > 0)
    {
      restart_context = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct RestartContext));
      restart_context->peer_group = pg;
      restart_context->peers_restarted = 0;
      restart_context->callback = callback;
      restart_context->callback_cls = callback_cls;

      for (off = 0; off < pg->total; off++)
        {
          GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_restart (pg->peers[off].daemon,
                                         &restart_callback, restart_context);
        }
    }
}


/**
 * Start or stop an individual peer from the given group.
 *
 * @param pg handle to the peer group
 * @param offset which peer to start or stop
 * @param desired_status GNUNET_YES to have it running, GNUNET_NO to stop it
 * @param timeout how long to wait for shutdown
 * @param cb function to call at the end
 * @param cb_cls closure for cb
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_vary(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                            unsigned int offset, int desired_status,
                            struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
                            GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion cb, void *cb_cls)
{
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx;
  struct ChurnRestartContext *startup_ctx;
  struct ChurnContext *churn_ctx;

  if (GNUNET_NO == desired_status)
    {
      if (NULL != pg->peers[offset].daemon)
        {
          shutdown_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ShutdownContext));
          churn_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ChurnContext));
          churn_ctx->num_to_start = 0;
          churn_ctx->num_to_stop = 1;
          churn_ctx->cb = cb;
          churn_ctx->cb_cls = cb_cls;
          shutdown_ctx->cb_cls = churn_ctx;
          GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_stop (pg->peers[offset].daemon, timeout,
                                      &churn_stop_callback, shutdown_ctx,
                                      GNUNET_NO, GNUNET_YES);
        }
    }
  else if (GNUNET_YES == desired_status)
    {
      if (NULL == pg->peers[offset].daemon)
        {
          startup_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ChurnRestartContext));
          churn_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ChurnContext));
          churn_ctx->num_to_start = 1;
          churn_ctx->num_to_stop = 0;
          churn_ctx->cb = cb;
          churn_ctx->cb_cls = cb_cls;
          startup_ctx->churn_ctx = churn_ctx;
          GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_start_stopped (pg->peers[offset].daemon,
                                               timeout, &churn_start_callback,
                                               startup_ctx);
        }
    }
  else
    GNUNET_break (0);
}


/**
 * Callback for shutting down peers in a peer group.
 *
 * @param cls closure (struct ShutdownContext)
 * @param emsg NULL on success
 */
static void
internal_shutdown_callback(void *cls, const char *emsg)
{
  struct PeerShutdownContext *peer_shutdown_ctx = cls;
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx = peer_shutdown_ctx->shutdown_ctx;
  unsigned int off;
  struct OutstandingSSH *ssh_pos;

  shutdown_ctx->outstanding--;
  if (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon->hostname != NULL)
    decrement_outstanding_at_host (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon->hostname,
                                   shutdown_ctx->pg);

  if (emsg == NULL)
    {
      shutdown_ctx->peers_down++;
    }
  else
    {
#if VERBOSE_TESTING
      GNUNET_log_from (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG, "internal_shutdown_callback",
          "Failed to stop a peer: %s\n", emsg);
#endif
      shutdown_ctx->peers_failed++;
    }

  if ((shutdown_ctx->cb != NULL) && (shutdown_ctx->peers_down
      + shutdown_ctx->peers_failed == shutdown_ctx->total_peers))
    {
      if (shutdown_ctx->peers_failed > 0)
        shutdown_ctx->cb (shutdown_ctx->cb_cls,
                          "Not all peers successfully shut down!");
      else
        shutdown_ctx->cb (shutdown_ctx->cb_cls, NULL);

      GNUNET_free (shutdown_ctx->pg->peers);
      GNUNET_free_non_null(shutdown_ctx->pg->hostkey_data);
      for (off = 0; off < shutdown_ctx->pg->num_hosts; off++)
        {
          GNUNET_free (shutdown_ctx->pg->hosts[off].hostname);
          GNUNET_free_non_null (shutdown_ctx->pg->hosts[off].username);
        }
      GNUNET_free_non_null (shutdown_ctx->pg->hosts);
      while (NULL != (ssh_pos = shutdown_ctx->pg->ssh_head))
        {
          GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove(shutdown_ctx->pg->ssh_head, shutdown_ctx->pg->ssh_tail, ssh_pos);
          GNUNET_free(ssh_pos);
        }
      GNUNET_free (shutdown_ctx->pg);
      GNUNET_free (shutdown_ctx);
    }
  GNUNET_free(peer_shutdown_ctx);
}


/**
 * Task to rate limit the number of outstanding peer shutdown
 * requests.  This is necessary for making sure we don't do
 * too many ssh connections at once, but is generally nicer
 * to any system as well (graduated task starts, as opposed
 * to calling gnunet-arm N times all at once).
 */
static void
schedule_shutdown_task(void *cls, const struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_TaskContext *tc)
{
  struct PeerShutdownContext *peer_shutdown_ctx = cls;
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx;

  GNUNET_assert (peer_shutdown_ctx != NULL);
  shutdown_ctx = peer_shutdown_ctx->shutdown_ctx;
  GNUNET_assert (shutdown_ctx != NULL);

  if ((shutdown_ctx->outstanding < shutdown_ctx->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)
      || ((peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon->hostname != NULL)
          && (count_outstanding_at_host (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon->hostname,
                                         shutdown_ctx->pg)
              < shutdown_ctx->pg->max_concurrent_ssh)))
    {
      if (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon->hostname != NULL)
        increment_outstanding_at_host (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon->hostname,
                                       shutdown_ctx->pg);
      shutdown_ctx->outstanding++;
      GNUNET_TESTING_daemon_stop (peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon,
                                  shutdown_ctx->timeout,
                                  &internal_shutdown_callback, peer_shutdown_ctx,
                                  shutdown_ctx->delete_files, GNUNET_NO);
    }
  else
    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (GNUNET_TIME_relative_multiply (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_MILLISECONDS,
                                                                 100),
                                  &schedule_shutdown_task, peer_shutdown_ctx);

}

/**
 * Read a testing hosts file based on a configuration.
 * Returns a DLL of hosts (caller must free!) on success
 * or NULL on failure.
 *
 * @param cfg a configuration with a testing section
 *
 * @return DLL of hosts on success, NULL on failure
 */
struct GNUNET_TESTING_Host *
GNUNET_TESTING_hosts_load (const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg)
{
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Host *hosts;
  struct GNUNET_TESTING_Host *temphost;
  char *data;
  char *buf;
  char *hostfile;
  struct stat frstat;
  int count;
  int ret;

  /* Check for a hostfile containing user@host:port triples */
  if (GNUNET_OK
      != GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg, "testing", "hostfile",
                                                &hostfile))
    return NULL;

  hosts = NULL;
  temphost = NULL;
  data = NULL;
  if (hostfile != NULL)
    {
      if (GNUNET_OK != GNUNET_DISK_file_test (hostfile))
        GNUNET_DISK_fn_write (hostfile, NULL, 0, GNUNET_DISK_PERM_USER_READ
            | GNUNET_DISK_PERM_USER_WRITE);
      if ((0 != STAT (hostfile, &frstat)) || (frstat.st_size == 0))
        {
          GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                      "Could not open file specified for host list, ending test!");
          GNUNET_free(hostfile);
          return NULL;
        }

      data = GNUNET_malloc_large (frstat.st_size);
      GNUNET_assert(data != NULL);
      if (frstat.st_size
          != GNUNET_DISK_fn_read (hostfile, data, frstat.st_size))
        {
          GNUNET_log (
                      GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                      "Could not read file %s specified for host list, ending test!",
                      hostfile);
          GNUNET_free (hostfile);
          GNUNET_free (data);
          return NULL;
        }

      GNUNET_free_non_null(hostfile);

      buf = data;
      count = 0;
      while (count < frstat.st_size - 1)
        {
          count++;
          if (((data[count] == '\n')) && (buf != &data[count]))
            {
              data[count] = '\0';
              temphost = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct GNUNET_TESTING_Host));
              ret = sscanf (buf, "%a[a-zA-Z0-9_]@%a[a-zA-Z0-9.]:%hd",
                            &temphost->username, &temphost->hostname,
                            &temphost->port);
              if (3 == ret)
                {
                  GNUNET_log (
                              GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
                              "Successfully read host %s, port %d and user %s from file\n",
                              temphost->hostname, temphost->port,
                              temphost->username);
                }
              else
                {
                  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                              "Error reading line `%s' in hostfile\n", buf);
                  GNUNET_free(temphost);
                  buf = &data[count + 1];
                  continue;
                }
              temphost->next = hosts;
              hosts = temphost;
              buf = &data[count + 1];
            }
          else if ((data[count] == '\n') || (data[count] == '\0'))
            buf = &data[count + 1];
        }
    }
  GNUNET_free_non_null(data);

  return hosts;
}

/**
 * Shutdown all peers started in the given group.
 *
 * @param pg handle to the peer group
 * @param timeout how long to wait for shutdown
 * @param cb callback to notify upon success or failure
 * @param cb_cls closure for cb
 */
void
GNUNET_TESTING_daemons_stop(struct GNUNET_TESTING_PeerGroup *pg,
                            struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
                            GNUNET_TESTING_NotifyCompletion cb, void *cb_cls)
{
  unsigned int off;
  struct ShutdownContext *shutdown_ctx;
  struct PeerShutdownContext *peer_shutdown_ctx;
#if OLD
  struct PeerConnection *conn_iter;
  struct PeerConnection *temp_conn;
#endif

  GNUNET_assert (pg->total > 0);

  shutdown_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct ShutdownContext));
  shutdown_ctx->delete_files = GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_yesno (pg->cfg,
                                                                     "TESTING",
                                                                     "DELETE_FILES");
  shutdown_ctx->cb = cb;
  shutdown_ctx->cb_cls = cb_cls;
  shutdown_ctx->total_peers = pg->total;
  shutdown_ctx->timeout = timeout;
  shutdown_ctx->pg = pg;
  /* shtudown_ctx->outstanding = 0; */

  for (off = 0; off < pg->total; off++)
    {
      GNUNET_assert (NULL != pg->peers[off].daemon);
      peer_shutdown_ctx = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof (struct PeerShutdownContext));
      peer_shutdown_ctx->daemon = pg->peers[off].daemon;
      peer_shutdown_ctx->shutdown_ctx = shutdown_ctx;
      GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&schedule_shutdown_task, peer_shutdown_ctx);

      if (NULL != pg->peers[off].cfg)
      {
        GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_destroy (pg->peers[off].cfg);
        pg->peers[off].cfg = NULL;
      }
#if OLD
      conn_iter = pg->peers[off].allowed_peers_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          temp_conn = conn_iter->next;
          GNUNET_free(conn_iter);
          conn_iter = temp_conn;
        }

      conn_iter = pg->peers[off].connect_peers_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          temp_conn = conn_iter->next;
          GNUNET_free(conn_iter);
          conn_iter = temp_conn;
        }

      conn_iter = pg->peers[off].blacklisted_peers_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          temp_conn = conn_iter->next;
          GNUNET_free(conn_iter);
          conn_iter = temp_conn;
        }

      conn_iter = pg->peers[off].connect_peers_working_set_head;
      while (conn_iter != NULL)
        {
          temp_conn = conn_iter->next;
          GNUNET_free(conn_iter);
          conn_iter = temp_conn;
        }
#else
      if (pg->peers[off].allowed_peers != NULL)
        GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_destroy (pg->peers[off].allowed_peers);
      if (pg->peers[off].connect_peers != NULL)
        GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_destroy (pg->peers[off].connect_peers);
      if (pg->peers[off].blacklisted_peers != NULL)
        GNUNET_CONTAINER_multihashmap_destroy (pg->
                                               peers[off].blacklisted_peers);
#endif
    }
}

/* end of testing_group.c */