--- /dev/null
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+How to port a SPI driver to driver model
+========================================
+
+Here is a rough step-by-step guide. It is based around converting the
+exynos SPI driver to driver model (DM) and the example code is based
+around U-Boot v2014.10-rc2 (commit be9f643). This has been updated for
+v2015.04.
+
+It is quite long since it includes actual code examples.
+
+Before driver model, SPI drivers have their own private structure which
+contains 'struct spi_slave'. With driver model, 'struct spi_slave' still
+exists, but now it is 'per-child data' for the SPI bus. Each child of the
+SPI bus is a SPI slave. The information that was stored in the
+driver-specific slave structure can now be port in private data for the
+SPI bus.
+
+For example, struct tegra_spi_slave looks like this:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct tegra_spi_slave {
+ struct spi_slave slave;
+ struct tegra_spi_ctrl *ctrl;
+ };
+
+In this case 'slave' will be in per-child data, and 'ctrl' will be in the
+SPI's buses private data.
+
+
+How long does this take?
+------------------------
+
+You should be able to complete this within 2 hours, including testing but
+excluding preparing the patches. The API is basically the same as before
+with only minor changes:
+
+- methods to set speed and mode are separated out
+- cs_info is used to get information on a chip select
+
+
+Enable driver mode for SPI and SPI flash
+----------------------------------------
+
+Add these to your board config:
+
+* CONFIG_DM_SPI
+* CONFIG_DM_SPI_FLASH
+
+
+Add the skeleton
+----------------
+
+Put this code at the bottom of your existing driver file:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct spi_slave *spi_setup_slave(unsigned int busnum, unsigned int cs,
+ unsigned int max_hz, unsigned int mode)
+ {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ struct spi_slave *spi_setup_slave_fdt(const void *blob, int slave_node,
+ int spi_node)
+ {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_ofdata_to_platdata(struct udevice *dev)
+ {
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_probe(struct udevice *dev)
+ {
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_remove(struct udevice *dev)
+ {
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_claim_bus(struct udevice *dev)
+ {
+
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_release_bus(struct udevice *dev)
+ {
+
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_xfer(struct udevice *dev, unsigned int bitlen,
+ const void *dout, void *din, unsigned long flags)
+ {
+
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_set_speed(struct udevice *dev, uint speed)
+ {
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_spi_set_mode(struct udevice *dev, uint mode)
+ {
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static int exynos_cs_info(struct udevice *bus, uint cs,
+ struct spi_cs_info *info)
+ {
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ static const struct dm_spi_ops exynos_spi_ops = {
+ .claim_bus = exynos_spi_claim_bus,
+ .release_bus = exynos_spi_release_bus,
+ .xfer = exynos_spi_xfer,
+ .set_speed = exynos_spi_set_speed,
+ .set_mode = exynos_spi_set_mode,
+ .cs_info = exynos_cs_info,
+ };
+
+ static const struct udevice_id exynos_spi_ids[] = {
+ { .compatible = "samsung,exynos-spi" },
+ { }
+ };
+
+ U_BOOT_DRIVER(exynos_spi) = {
+ .name = "exynos_spi",
+ .id = UCLASS_SPI,
+ .of_match = exynos_spi_ids,
+ .ops = &exynos_spi_ops,
+ .ofdata_to_platdata = exynos_spi_ofdata_to_platdata,
+ .probe = exynos_spi_probe,
+ .remove = exynos_spi_remove,
+ };
+
+
+Replace 'exynos' in the above code with your driver name
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#ifdef out all of the code in your driver except for the above
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This will allow you to get it building, which means you can work
+incrementally. Since all the methods return an error initially, there is
+less chance that you will accidentally leave something in.
+
+Also, even though your conversion is basically a rewrite, it might help
+reviewers if you leave functions in the same place in the file,
+particularly for large drivers.
+
+
+Add some includes
+-----------------
+
+Add these includes to your driver:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ #include <dm.h>
+ #include <errno.h>
+
+
+Build
+-----
+
+At this point you should be able to build U-Boot for your board with the
+empty SPI driver. You still have empty methods in your driver, but we will
+write these one by one.
+
+Set up your platform data structure
+-----------------------------------
+
+This will hold the information your driver to operate, like its hardware
+address or maximum frequency.
+
+You may already have a struct like this, or you may need to create one
+from some of the #defines or global variables in the driver.
+
+Note that this information is not the run-time information. It should not
+include state that changes. It should be fixed throughout the live of
+U-Boot. Run-time information comes later.
+
+Here is what was in the exynos spi driver:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct spi_bus {
+ enum periph_id periph_id;
+ s32 frequency; /* Default clock frequency, -1 for none */
+ struct exynos_spi *regs;
+ int inited; /* 1 if this bus is ready for use */
+ int node;
+ uint deactivate_delay_us; /* Delay to wait after deactivate */
+ };
+
+Of these, inited is handled by DM and node is the device tree node, which
+DM tells you. The name is not quite right. So in this case we would use:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct exynos_spi_platdata {
+ enum periph_id periph_id;
+ s32 frequency; /* Default clock frequency, -1 for none */
+ struct exynos_spi *regs;
+ uint deactivate_delay_us; /* Delay to wait after deactivate */
+ };
+
+
+Write ofdata_to_platdata() [for device tree only]
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+This method will convert information in the device tree node into a C
+structure in your driver (called platform data). If you are not using
+device tree, go to 8b.
+
+DM will automatically allocate the struct for us when we are using device
+tree, but we need to tell it the size:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ U_BOOT_DRIVER(spi_exynos) = {
+ ...
+ .platdata_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct exynos_spi_platdata),
+
+
+Here is a sample function. It gets a pointer to the platform data and
+fills in the fields from device tree.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static int exynos_spi_ofdata_to_platdata(struct udevice *bus)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_platdata *plat = bus->platdata;
+ const void *blob = gd->fdt_blob;
+ int node = dev_of_offset(bus);
+
+ plat->regs = (struct exynos_spi *)fdtdec_get_addr(blob, node, "reg");
+ plat->periph_id = pinmux_decode_periph_id(blob, node);
+
+ if (plat->periph_id == PERIPH_ID_NONE) {
+ debug("%s: Invalid peripheral ID %d\n", __func__,
+ plat->periph_id);
+ return -FDT_ERR_NOTFOUND;
+ }
+
+ /* Use 500KHz as a suitable default */
+ plat->frequency = fdtdec_get_int(blob, node, "spi-max-frequency",
+ 500000);
+ plat->deactivate_delay_us = fdtdec_get_int(blob, node,
+ "spi-deactivate-delay", 0);
+ debug("%s: regs=%p, periph_id=%d, max-frequency=%d, deactivate_delay=%d\n",
+ __func__, plat->regs, plat->periph_id, plat->frequency,
+ plat->deactivate_delay_us);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+Add the platform data [non-device-tree only]
+--------------------------------------------
+
+Specify this data in a U_BOOT_DEVICE() declaration in your board file:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct exynos_spi_platdata platdata_spi0 = {
+ .periph_id = ...
+ .frequency = ...
+ .regs = ...
+ .deactivate_delay_us = ...
+ };
+
+ U_BOOT_DEVICE(board_spi0) = {
+ .name = "exynos_spi",
+ .platdata = &platdata_spi0,
+ };
+
+You will unfortunately need to put the struct definition into a header file
+in this case so that your board file can use it.
+
+
+Add the device private data
+---------------------------
+
+Most devices have some private data which they use to keep track of things
+while active. This is the run-time information and needs to be stored in
+a structure. There is probably a structure in the driver that includes a
+'struct spi_slave', so you can use that.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct exynos_spi_slave {
+ struct spi_slave slave;
+ struct exynos_spi *regs;
+ unsigned int freq; /* Default frequency */
+ unsigned int mode;
+ enum periph_id periph_id; /* Peripheral ID for this device */
+ unsigned int fifo_size;
+ int skip_preamble;
+ struct spi_bus *bus; /* Pointer to our SPI bus info */
+ ulong last_transaction_us; /* Time of last transaction end */
+ };
+
+
+We should rename this to make its purpose more obvious, and get rid of
+the slave structure, so we have:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct exynos_spi_priv {
+ struct exynos_spi *regs;
+ unsigned int freq; /* Default frequency */
+ unsigned int mode;
+ enum periph_id periph_id; /* Peripheral ID for this device */
+ unsigned int fifo_size;
+ int skip_preamble;
+ ulong last_transaction_us; /* Time of last transaction end */
+ };
+
+
+DM can auto-allocate this also:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ U_BOOT_DRIVER(spi_exynos) = {
+ ...
+ .priv_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct exynos_spi_priv),
+
+
+Note that this is created before the probe method is called, and destroyed
+after the remove method is called. It will be zeroed when the probe
+method is called.
+
+
+Add the probe() and remove() methods
+------------------------------------
+
+Note: It's a good idea to build repeatedly as you are working, to avoid a
+huge amount of work getting things compiling at the end.
+
+The probe method is supposed to set up the hardware. U-Boot used to use
+spi_setup_slave() to do this. So take a look at this function and see
+what you can copy out to set things up.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static int exynos_spi_probe(struct udevice *bus)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_platdata *plat = dev_get_platdata(bus);
+ struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
+
+ priv->regs = plat->regs;
+ if (plat->periph_id == PERIPH_ID_SPI1 ||
+ plat->periph_id == PERIPH_ID_SPI2)
+ priv->fifo_size = 64;
+ else
+ priv->fifo_size = 256;
+
+ priv->skip_preamble = 0;
+ priv->last_transaction_us = timer_get_us();
+ priv->freq = plat->frequency;
+ priv->periph_id = plat->periph_id;
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+This implementation doesn't actually touch the hardware, which is somewhat
+unusual for a driver. In this case we will do that when the device is
+claimed by something that wants to use the SPI bus.
+
+For remove we could shut down the clocks, but in this case there is
+nothing to do. DM frees any memory that it allocated, so we can just
+remove exynos_spi_remove() and its reference in U_BOOT_DRIVER.
+
+
+Implement set_speed()
+---------------------
+
+This should set up clocks so that the SPI bus is running at the right
+speed. With the old API spi_claim_bus() would normally do this and several
+of the following functions, so let's look at that function:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ int spi_claim_bus(struct spi_slave *slave)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_slave *spi_slave = to_exynos_spi(slave);
+ struct exynos_spi *regs = spi_slave->regs;
+ u32 reg = 0;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = set_spi_clk(spi_slave->periph_id,
+ spi_slave->freq);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ debug("%s: Failed to setup spi clock\n", __func__);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ exynos_pinmux_config(spi_slave->periph_id, PINMUX_FLAG_NONE);
+
+ spi_flush_fifo(slave);
+
+ reg = readl(®s->ch_cfg);
+ reg &= ~(SPI_CH_CPHA_B | SPI_CH_CPOL_L);
+
+ if (spi_slave->mode & SPI_CPHA)
+ reg |= SPI_CH_CPHA_B;
+
+ if (spi_slave->mode & SPI_CPOL)
+ reg |= SPI_CH_CPOL_L;
+
+ writel(reg, ®s->ch_cfg);
+ writel(SPI_FB_DELAY_180, ®s->fb_clk);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+It sets up the speed, mode, pinmux, feedback delay and clears the FIFOs.
+With DM these will happen in separate methods.
+
+
+Here is an example for the speed part:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static int exynos_spi_set_speed(struct udevice *bus, uint speed)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_platdata *plat = bus->platdata;
+ struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
+ int ret;
+
+ if (speed > plat->frequency)
+ speed = plat->frequency;
+ ret = set_spi_clk(priv->periph_id, speed);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ priv->freq = speed;
+ debug("%s: regs=%p, speed=%d\n", __func__, priv->regs, priv->freq);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+Implement set_mode()
+--------------------
+
+This should adjust the SPI mode (polarity, etc.). Again this code probably
+comes from the old spi_claim_bus(). Here is an example:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static int exynos_spi_set_mode(struct udevice *bus, uint mode)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
+ uint32_t reg;
+
+ reg = readl(&priv->regs->ch_cfg);
+ reg &= ~(SPI_CH_CPHA_B | SPI_CH_CPOL_L);
+
+ if (mode & SPI_CPHA)
+ reg |= SPI_CH_CPHA_B;
+
+ if (mode & SPI_CPOL)
+ reg |= SPI_CH_CPOL_L;
+
+ writel(reg, &priv->regs->ch_cfg);
+ priv->mode = mode;
+ debug("%s: regs=%p, mode=%d\n", __func__, priv->regs, priv->mode);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+Implement claim_bus()
+---------------------
+
+This is where a client wants to make use of the bus, so claims it first.
+At this point we need to make sure everything is set up ready for data
+transfer. Note that this function is wholly internal to the driver - at
+present the SPI uclass never calls it.
+
+Here again we look at the old claim function and see some code that is
+needed. It is anything unrelated to speed and mode:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static int exynos_spi_claim_bus(struct udevice *bus)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
+
+ exynos_pinmux_config(priv->periph_id, PINMUX_FLAG_NONE);
+ spi_flush_fifo(priv->regs);
+
+ writel(SPI_FB_DELAY_180, &priv->regs->fb_clk);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+The spi_flush_fifo() function is in the removed part of the code, so we
+need to expose it again (perhaps with an #endif before it and '#if 0'
+after it). It only needs access to priv->regs which is why we have
+passed that in:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ /**
+ * Flush spi tx, rx fifos and reset the SPI controller
+ *
+ * @param regs Pointer to SPI registers
+ */
+ static void spi_flush_fifo(struct exynos_spi *regs)
+ {
+ clrsetbits_le32(®s->ch_cfg, SPI_CH_HS_EN, SPI_CH_RST);
+ clrbits_le32(®s->ch_cfg, SPI_CH_RST);
+ setbits_le32(®s->ch_cfg, SPI_TX_CH_ON | SPI_RX_CH_ON);
+ }
+
+
+Implement release_bus()
+-----------------------
+
+This releases the bus - in our example the old code in spi_release_bus()
+is a call to spi_flush_fifo, so we add:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static int exynos_spi_release_bus(struct udevice *bus)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
+
+ spi_flush_fifo(priv->regs);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+Implement xfer()
+----------------
+
+This is the final method that we need to create, and it is where all the
+work happens. The method parameters are the same as the old spi_xfer() with
+the addition of a 'struct udevice' so conversion is pretty easy. Start
+by copying the contents of spi_xfer() to your new xfer() method and proceed
+from there.
+
+If (flags & SPI_XFER_BEGIN) is non-zero then xfer() normally calls an
+activate function, something like this:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ void spi_cs_activate(struct spi_slave *slave)
+ {
+ struct exynos_spi_slave *spi_slave = to_exynos_spi(slave);
+
+ /* If it's too soon to do another transaction, wait */
+ if (spi_slave->bus->deactivate_delay_us &&
+ spi_slave->last_transaction_us) {
+ ulong delay_us; /* The delay completed so far */
+ delay_us = timer_get_us() - spi_slave->last_transaction_us;
+ if (delay_us < spi_slave->bus->deactivate_delay_us)
+ udelay(spi_slave->bus->deactivate_delay_us - delay_us);
+ }
+
+ clrbits_le32(&spi_slave->regs->cs_reg, SPI_SLAVE_SIG_INACT);
+ debug("Activate CS, bus %d\n", spi_slave->slave.bus);
+ spi_slave->skip_preamble = spi_slave->mode & SPI_PREAMBLE;
+ }
+
+The new version looks like this:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ static void spi_cs_activate(struct udevice *dev)
+ {
+ struct udevice *bus = dev->parent;
+ struct exynos_spi_platdata *pdata = dev_get_platdata(bus);
+ struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
+
+ /* If it's too soon to do another transaction, wait */
+ if (pdata->deactivate_delay_us &&
+ priv->last_transaction_us) {
+ ulong delay_us; /* The delay completed so far */
+ delay_us = timer_get_us() - priv->last_transaction_us;
+ if (delay_us < pdata->deactivate_delay_us)
+ udelay(pdata->deactivate_delay_us - delay_us);
+ }
+
+ clrbits_le32(&priv->regs->cs_reg, SPI_SLAVE_SIG_INACT);
+ debug("Activate CS, bus '%s'\n", bus->name);
+ priv->skip_preamble = priv->mode & SPI_PREAMBLE;
+ }
+
+All we have really done here is change the pointers and print the device name
+instead of the bus number. Other local static functions can be treated in
+the same way.
+
+
+Set up the per-child data and child pre-probe function
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+To minimise the pain and complexity of the SPI subsystem while the driver
+model change-over is in place, struct spi_slave is used to reference a
+SPI bus slave, even though that slave is actually a struct udevice. In fact
+struct spi_slave is the device's child data. We need to make sure this space
+is available. It is possible to allocate more space that struct spi_slave
+needs, but this is the minimum.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ U_BOOT_DRIVER(exynos_spi) = {
+ ...
+ .per_child_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct spi_slave),
+ }
+
+
+Optional: Set up cs_info() if you want it
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Sometimes it is useful to know whether a SPI chip select is valid, but this
+is not obvious from outside the driver. In this case you can provide a
+method for cs_info() to deal with this. If you don't provide it, then the
+device tree will be used to determine what chip selects are valid.
+
+Return -ENODEV if the supplied chip select is invalid, or 0 if it is valid.
+If you don't provide the cs_info() method, -ENODEV is assumed for all
+chip selects that do not appear in the device tree.
+
+
+Test it
+-------
+
+Now that you have the code written and it compiles, try testing it using
+the 'sf test' command. You may need to enable CONFIG_CMD_SF_TEST for your
+board.
+
+
+Prepare patches and send them to the mailing lists
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+You can use 'tools/patman/patman' to prepare, check and send patches for
+your work. See the README for details.
+
+A little note about SPI uclass features
+---------------------------------------
+
+The SPI uclass keeps some information about each device 'dev' on the bus:
+
+ struct dm_spi_slave_platdata:
+ This is device_get_parent_platdata(dev).
+ This is where the chip select number is stored, along with
+ the default bus speed and mode. It is automatically read
+ from the device tree in spi_child_post_bind(). It must not
+ be changed at run-time after being set up because platform
+ data is supposed to be immutable at run-time.
+ struct spi_slave:
+ This is device_get_parentdata(dev).
+ Already mentioned above. It holds run-time information about
+ the device.
+
+There are also some SPI uclass methods that get called behind the scenes:
+
+ spi_post_bind():
+ Called when a new bus is bound.
+ This scans the device tree for devices on the bus, and binds
+ each one. This in turn causes spi_child_post_bind() to be
+ called for each, which reads the device tree information
+ into the parent (per-child) platform data.
+ spi_child_post_bind():
+ Called when a new child is bound.
+ As mentioned above this reads the device tree information
+ into the per-child platform data
+ spi_child_pre_probe():
+ Called before a new child is probed.
+ This sets up the mode and speed in struct spi_slave by
+ copying it from the parent's platform data for this child.
+ It also sets the 'dev' pointer, needed to permit passing
+ 'struct spi_slave' around the place without needing a
+ separate 'struct udevice' pointer.
+
+The above housekeeping makes it easier to write your SPI driver.
+++ /dev/null
-How to port a SPI driver to driver model
-========================================
-
-Here is a rough step-by-step guide. It is based around converting the
-exynos SPI driver to driver model (DM) and the example code is based
-around U-Boot v2014.10-rc2 (commit be9f643). This has been updated for
-v2015.04.
-
-It is quite long since it includes actual code examples.
-
-Before driver model, SPI drivers have their own private structure which
-contains 'struct spi_slave'. With driver model, 'struct spi_slave' still
-exists, but now it is 'per-child data' for the SPI bus. Each child of the
-SPI bus is a SPI slave. The information that was stored in the
-driver-specific slave structure can now be port in private data for the
-SPI bus.
-
-For example, struct tegra_spi_slave looks like this:
-
-struct tegra_spi_slave {
- struct spi_slave slave;
- struct tegra_spi_ctrl *ctrl;
-};
-
-In this case 'slave' will be in per-child data, and 'ctrl' will be in the
-SPI's buses private data.
-
-
-0. How long does this take?
-
-You should be able to complete this within 2 hours, including testing but
-excluding preparing the patches. The API is basically the same as before
-with only minor changes:
-
-- methods to set speed and mode are separated out
-- cs_info is used to get information on a chip select
-
-
-1. Enable driver mode for SPI and SPI flash
-
-Add these to your board config:
-
-CONFIG_DM_SPI
-CONFIG_DM_SPI_FLASH
-
-
-2. Add the skeleton
-
-Put this code at the bottom of your existing driver file:
-
-struct spi_slave *spi_setup_slave(unsigned int busnum, unsigned int cs,
- unsigned int max_hz, unsigned int mode)
-{
- return NULL;
-}
-
-struct spi_slave *spi_setup_slave_fdt(const void *blob, int slave_node,
- int spi_node)
-{
- return NULL;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_ofdata_to_platdata(struct udevice *dev)
-{
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_probe(struct udevice *dev)
-{
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_remove(struct udevice *dev)
-{
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_claim_bus(struct udevice *dev)
-{
-
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_release_bus(struct udevice *dev)
-{
-
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_xfer(struct udevice *dev, unsigned int bitlen,
- const void *dout, void *din, unsigned long flags)
-{
-
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_set_speed(struct udevice *dev, uint speed)
-{
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_spi_set_mode(struct udevice *dev, uint mode)
-{
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static int exynos_cs_info(struct udevice *bus, uint cs,
- struct spi_cs_info *info)
-{
- return -ENODEV;
-}
-
-static const struct dm_spi_ops exynos_spi_ops = {
- .claim_bus = exynos_spi_claim_bus,
- .release_bus = exynos_spi_release_bus,
- .xfer = exynos_spi_xfer,
- .set_speed = exynos_spi_set_speed,
- .set_mode = exynos_spi_set_mode,
- .cs_info = exynos_cs_info,
-};
-
-static const struct udevice_id exynos_spi_ids[] = {
- { .compatible = "samsung,exynos-spi" },
- { }
-};
-
-U_BOOT_DRIVER(exynos_spi) = {
- .name = "exynos_spi",
- .id = UCLASS_SPI,
- .of_match = exynos_spi_ids,
- .ops = &exynos_spi_ops,
- .ofdata_to_platdata = exynos_spi_ofdata_to_platdata,
- .probe = exynos_spi_probe,
- .remove = exynos_spi_remove,
-};
-
-
-3. Replace 'exynos' in the above code with your driver name
-
-
-4. #ifdef out all of the code in your driver except for the above
-
-This will allow you to get it building, which means you can work
-incrementally. Since all the methods return an error initially, there is
-less chance that you will accidentally leave something in.
-
-Also, even though your conversion is basically a rewrite, it might help
-reviewers if you leave functions in the same place in the file,
-particularly for large drivers.
-
-
-5. Add some includes
-
-Add these includes to your driver:
-
-#include <dm.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-
-6. Build
-
-At this point you should be able to build U-Boot for your board with the
-empty SPI driver. You still have empty methods in your driver, but we will
-write these one by one.
-
-7. Set up your platform data structure
-
-This will hold the information your driver to operate, like its hardware
-address or maximum frequency.
-
-You may already have a struct like this, or you may need to create one
-from some of the #defines or global variables in the driver.
-
-Note that this information is not the run-time information. It should not
-include state that changes. It should be fixed throughout the live of
-U-Boot. Run-time information comes later.
-
-Here is what was in the exynos spi driver:
-
-struct spi_bus {
- enum periph_id periph_id;
- s32 frequency; /* Default clock frequency, -1 for none */
- struct exynos_spi *regs;
- int inited; /* 1 if this bus is ready for use */
- int node;
- uint deactivate_delay_us; /* Delay to wait after deactivate */
-};
-
-Of these, inited is handled by DM and node is the device tree node, which
-DM tells you. The name is not quite right. So in this case we would use:
-
-struct exynos_spi_platdata {
- enum periph_id periph_id;
- s32 frequency; /* Default clock frequency, -1 for none */
- struct exynos_spi *regs;
- uint deactivate_delay_us; /* Delay to wait after deactivate */
-};
-
-
-8a. Write ofdata_to_platdata() [for device tree only]
-
-This method will convert information in the device tree node into a C
-structure in your driver (called platform data). If you are not using
-device tree, go to 8b.
-
-DM will automatically allocate the struct for us when we are using device
-tree, but we need to tell it the size:
-
-U_BOOT_DRIVER(spi_exynos) = {
-...
- .platdata_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct exynos_spi_platdata),
-
-
-Here is a sample function. It gets a pointer to the platform data and
-fills in the fields from device tree.
-
-static int exynos_spi_ofdata_to_platdata(struct udevice *bus)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_platdata *plat = bus->platdata;
- const void *blob = gd->fdt_blob;
- int node = dev_of_offset(bus);
-
- plat->regs = (struct exynos_spi *)fdtdec_get_addr(blob, node, "reg");
- plat->periph_id = pinmux_decode_periph_id(blob, node);
-
- if (plat->periph_id == PERIPH_ID_NONE) {
- debug("%s: Invalid peripheral ID %d\n", __func__,
- plat->periph_id);
- return -FDT_ERR_NOTFOUND;
- }
-
- /* Use 500KHz as a suitable default */
- plat->frequency = fdtdec_get_int(blob, node, "spi-max-frequency",
- 500000);
- plat->deactivate_delay_us = fdtdec_get_int(blob, node,
- "spi-deactivate-delay", 0);
- debug("%s: regs=%p, periph_id=%d, max-frequency=%d, deactivate_delay=%d\n",
- __func__, plat->regs, plat->periph_id, plat->frequency,
- plat->deactivate_delay_us);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-8b. Add the platform data [non-device-tree only]
-
-Specify this data in a U_BOOT_DEVICE() declaration in your board file:
-
-struct exynos_spi_platdata platdata_spi0 = {
- .periph_id = ...
- .frequency = ...
- .regs = ...
- .deactivate_delay_us = ...
-};
-
-U_BOOT_DEVICE(board_spi0) = {
- .name = "exynos_spi",
- .platdata = &platdata_spi0,
-};
-
-You will unfortunately need to put the struct definition into a header file
-in this case so that your board file can use it.
-
-
-9. Add the device private data
-
-Most devices have some private data which they use to keep track of things
-while active. This is the run-time information and needs to be stored in
-a structure. There is probably a structure in the driver that includes a
-'struct spi_slave', so you can use that.
-
-struct exynos_spi_slave {
- struct spi_slave slave;
- struct exynos_spi *regs;
- unsigned int freq; /* Default frequency */
- unsigned int mode;
- enum periph_id periph_id; /* Peripheral ID for this device */
- unsigned int fifo_size;
- int skip_preamble;
- struct spi_bus *bus; /* Pointer to our SPI bus info */
- ulong last_transaction_us; /* Time of last transaction end */
-};
-
-
-We should rename this to make its purpose more obvious, and get rid of
-the slave structure, so we have:
-
-struct exynos_spi_priv {
- struct exynos_spi *regs;
- unsigned int freq; /* Default frequency */
- unsigned int mode;
- enum periph_id periph_id; /* Peripheral ID for this device */
- unsigned int fifo_size;
- int skip_preamble;
- ulong last_transaction_us; /* Time of last transaction end */
-};
-
-
-DM can auto-allocate this also:
-
-U_BOOT_DRIVER(spi_exynos) = {
-...
- .priv_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct exynos_spi_priv),
-
-
-Note that this is created before the probe method is called, and destroyed
-after the remove method is called. It will be zeroed when the probe
-method is called.
-
-
-10. Add the probe() and remove() methods
-
-Note: It's a good idea to build repeatedly as you are working, to avoid a
-huge amount of work getting things compiling at the end.
-
-The probe method is supposed to set up the hardware. U-Boot used to use
-spi_setup_slave() to do this. So take a look at this function and see
-what you can copy out to set things up.
-
-
-static int exynos_spi_probe(struct udevice *bus)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_platdata *plat = dev_get_platdata(bus);
- struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
-
- priv->regs = plat->regs;
- if (plat->periph_id == PERIPH_ID_SPI1 ||
- plat->periph_id == PERIPH_ID_SPI2)
- priv->fifo_size = 64;
- else
- priv->fifo_size = 256;
-
- priv->skip_preamble = 0;
- priv->last_transaction_us = timer_get_us();
- priv->freq = plat->frequency;
- priv->periph_id = plat->periph_id;
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-This implementation doesn't actually touch the hardware, which is somewhat
-unusual for a driver. In this case we will do that when the device is
-claimed by something that wants to use the SPI bus.
-
-For remove we could shut down the clocks, but in this case there is
-nothing to do. DM frees any memory that it allocated, so we can just
-remove exynos_spi_remove() and its reference in U_BOOT_DRIVER.
-
-
-11. Implement set_speed()
-
-This should set up clocks so that the SPI bus is running at the right
-speed. With the old API spi_claim_bus() would normally do this and several
-of the following functions, so let's look at that function:
-
-int spi_claim_bus(struct spi_slave *slave)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_slave *spi_slave = to_exynos_spi(slave);
- struct exynos_spi *regs = spi_slave->regs;
- u32 reg = 0;
- int ret;
-
- ret = set_spi_clk(spi_slave->periph_id,
- spi_slave->freq);
- if (ret < 0) {
- debug("%s: Failed to setup spi clock\n", __func__);
- return ret;
- }
-
- exynos_pinmux_config(spi_slave->periph_id, PINMUX_FLAG_NONE);
-
- spi_flush_fifo(slave);
-
- reg = readl(®s->ch_cfg);
- reg &= ~(SPI_CH_CPHA_B | SPI_CH_CPOL_L);
-
- if (spi_slave->mode & SPI_CPHA)
- reg |= SPI_CH_CPHA_B;
-
- if (spi_slave->mode & SPI_CPOL)
- reg |= SPI_CH_CPOL_L;
-
- writel(reg, ®s->ch_cfg);
- writel(SPI_FB_DELAY_180, ®s->fb_clk);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-It sets up the speed, mode, pinmux, feedback delay and clears the FIFOs.
-With DM these will happen in separate methods.
-
-
-Here is an example for the speed part:
-
-static int exynos_spi_set_speed(struct udevice *bus, uint speed)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_platdata *plat = bus->platdata;
- struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
- int ret;
-
- if (speed > plat->frequency)
- speed = plat->frequency;
- ret = set_spi_clk(priv->periph_id, speed);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
- priv->freq = speed;
- debug("%s: regs=%p, speed=%d\n", __func__, priv->regs, priv->freq);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-12. Implement set_mode()
-
-This should adjust the SPI mode (polarity, etc.). Again this code probably
-comes from the old spi_claim_bus(). Here is an example:
-
-
-static int exynos_spi_set_mode(struct udevice *bus, uint mode)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
- uint32_t reg;
-
- reg = readl(&priv->regs->ch_cfg);
- reg &= ~(SPI_CH_CPHA_B | SPI_CH_CPOL_L);
-
- if (mode & SPI_CPHA)
- reg |= SPI_CH_CPHA_B;
-
- if (mode & SPI_CPOL)
- reg |= SPI_CH_CPOL_L;
-
- writel(reg, &priv->regs->ch_cfg);
- priv->mode = mode;
- debug("%s: regs=%p, mode=%d\n", __func__, priv->regs, priv->mode);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-13. Implement claim_bus()
-
-This is where a client wants to make use of the bus, so claims it first.
-At this point we need to make sure everything is set up ready for data
-transfer. Note that this function is wholly internal to the driver - at
-present the SPI uclass never calls it.
-
-Here again we look at the old claim function and see some code that is
-needed. It is anything unrelated to speed and mode:
-
-static int exynos_spi_claim_bus(struct udevice *bus)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
-
- exynos_pinmux_config(priv->periph_id, PINMUX_FLAG_NONE);
- spi_flush_fifo(priv->regs);
-
- writel(SPI_FB_DELAY_180, &priv->regs->fb_clk);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-The spi_flush_fifo() function is in the removed part of the code, so we
-need to expose it again (perhaps with an #endif before it and '#if 0'
-after it). It only needs access to priv->regs which is why we have
-passed that in:
-
-/**
- * Flush spi tx, rx fifos and reset the SPI controller
- *
- * @param regs Pointer to SPI registers
- */
-static void spi_flush_fifo(struct exynos_spi *regs)
-{
- clrsetbits_le32(®s->ch_cfg, SPI_CH_HS_EN, SPI_CH_RST);
- clrbits_le32(®s->ch_cfg, SPI_CH_RST);
- setbits_le32(®s->ch_cfg, SPI_TX_CH_ON | SPI_RX_CH_ON);
-}
-
-
-14. Implement release_bus()
-
-This releases the bus - in our example the old code in spi_release_bus()
-is a call to spi_flush_fifo, so we add:
-
-static int exynos_spi_release_bus(struct udevice *bus)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
-
- spi_flush_fifo(priv->regs);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-
-15. Implement xfer()
-
-This is the final method that we need to create, and it is where all the
-work happens. The method parameters are the same as the old spi_xfer() with
-the addition of a 'struct udevice' so conversion is pretty easy. Start
-by copying the contents of spi_xfer() to your new xfer() method and proceed
-from there.
-
-If (flags & SPI_XFER_BEGIN) is non-zero then xfer() normally calls an
-activate function, something like this:
-
-void spi_cs_activate(struct spi_slave *slave)
-{
- struct exynos_spi_slave *spi_slave = to_exynos_spi(slave);
-
- /* If it's too soon to do another transaction, wait */
- if (spi_slave->bus->deactivate_delay_us &&
- spi_slave->last_transaction_us) {
- ulong delay_us; /* The delay completed so far */
- delay_us = timer_get_us() - spi_slave->last_transaction_us;
- if (delay_us < spi_slave->bus->deactivate_delay_us)
- udelay(spi_slave->bus->deactivate_delay_us - delay_us);
- }
-
- clrbits_le32(&spi_slave->regs->cs_reg, SPI_SLAVE_SIG_INACT);
- debug("Activate CS, bus %d\n", spi_slave->slave.bus);
- spi_slave->skip_preamble = spi_slave->mode & SPI_PREAMBLE;
-}
-
-The new version looks like this:
-
-static void spi_cs_activate(struct udevice *dev)
-{
- struct udevice *bus = dev->parent;
- struct exynos_spi_platdata *pdata = dev_get_platdata(bus);
- struct exynos_spi_priv *priv = dev_get_priv(bus);
-
- /* If it's too soon to do another transaction, wait */
- if (pdata->deactivate_delay_us &&
- priv->last_transaction_us) {
- ulong delay_us; /* The delay completed so far */
- delay_us = timer_get_us() - priv->last_transaction_us;
- if (delay_us < pdata->deactivate_delay_us)
- udelay(pdata->deactivate_delay_us - delay_us);
- }
-
- clrbits_le32(&priv->regs->cs_reg, SPI_SLAVE_SIG_INACT);
- debug("Activate CS, bus '%s'\n", bus->name);
- priv->skip_preamble = priv->mode & SPI_PREAMBLE;
-}
-
-All we have really done here is change the pointers and print the device name
-instead of the bus number. Other local static functions can be treated in
-the same way.
-
-
-16. Set up the per-child data and child pre-probe function
-
-To minimise the pain and complexity of the SPI subsystem while the driver
-model change-over is in place, struct spi_slave is used to reference a
-SPI bus slave, even though that slave is actually a struct udevice. In fact
-struct spi_slave is the device's child data. We need to make sure this space
-is available. It is possible to allocate more space that struct spi_slave
-needs, but this is the minimum.
-
-U_BOOT_DRIVER(exynos_spi) = {
-...
- .per_child_auto_alloc_size = sizeof(struct spi_slave),
-}
-
-
-17. Optional: Set up cs_info() if you want it
-
-Sometimes it is useful to know whether a SPI chip select is valid, but this
-is not obvious from outside the driver. In this case you can provide a
-method for cs_info() to deal with this. If you don't provide it, then the
-device tree will be used to determine what chip selects are valid.
-
-Return -ENODEV if the supplied chip select is invalid, or 0 if it is valid.
-If you don't provide the cs_info() method, -ENODEV is assumed for all
-chip selects that do not appear in the device tree.
-
-
-18. Test it
-
-Now that you have the code written and it compiles, try testing it using
-the 'sf test' command. You may need to enable CONFIG_CMD_SF_TEST for your
-board.
-
-
-19. Prepare patches and send them to the mailing lists
-
-You can use 'tools/patman/patman' to prepare, check and send patches for
-your work. See the README for details.
-
-20. A little note about SPI uclass features:
-
-The SPI uclass keeps some information about each device 'dev' on the bus:
-
- struct dm_spi_slave_platdata - this is device_get_parent_platdata(dev)
- This is where the chip select number is stored, along with
- the default bus speed and mode. It is automatically read
- from the device tree in spi_child_post_bind(). It must not
- be changed at run-time after being set up because platform
- data is supposed to be immutable at run-time.
- struct spi_slave - this is device_get_parentdata(dev)
- Already mentioned above. It holds run-time information about
- the device.
-
-There are also some SPI uclass methods that get called behind the scenes:
-
- spi_post_bind() - called when a new bus is bound
- This scans the device tree for devices on the bus, and binds
- each one. This in turn causes spi_child_post_bind() to be
- called for each, which reads the device tree information
- into the parent (per-child) platform data.
- spi_child_post_bind() - called when a new child is bound
- As mentioned above this reads the device tree information
- into the per-child platform data
- spi_child_pre_probe() - called before a new child is probed
- This sets up the mode and speed in struct spi_slave by
- copying it from the parent's platform data for this child.
- It also sets the 'dev' pointer, needed to permit passing
- 'struct spi_slave' around the place without needing a
- separate 'struct udevice' pointer.
-
-The above housekeeping makes it easier to write your SPI driver.
projects / oweals / u-boot.git / commitdiff