nmrpflash - Netgear Unbrick Utility
====================================
-This program uses Netgear's [NMRP protocol]
-(http://www.chubb.wattle.id.au/PeterChubb/nmrp.html)
-to flash a new firmware image to a compatible device. This utility has been
-successfully used on a Netgear EX2700 and DNG3700v2, but is likely to work
+`nmrpflash` uses Netgear's [NMRP protocol](http://www.chubb.wattle.id.au/PeterChubb/nmrp.html)
+to flash a new firmware image to a compatible device. It has been
+successfully used on a Netgear EX2700, DNG3700v2 and R6220, but is likely to work
with many other Netgear routers as well.
-Prebuilt binaries for Linux, OS X and Windows are available
+Prebuilt binaries for Linux, ~OS X~ macOS and Windows are available
[here](https://github.com/jclehner/nmrpflash/releases)
([WinPcap](https://www.winpcap.org/install/default.htm) is required on Windows).
```
Usage: nmrpflash [OPTIONS...]
-Options (-a, -i and -f and/or -c are mandatory):
+Options (-i and -f and/or -c are mandatory):
-a <ipaddr> IP address to assign to target device
+ -A <ipaddr> IP address to assign to interface
-c <command> Command to run before (or instead of) TFTP upload
-f <firmware> Firmware file
-F <filename> Remote filename to use during TFTP upload
### Using nmrpflash
-Connect your Netgear router to your computer using a network cable.
-Assign a static IP address to the network adapter that's plugged into
-the Netgear router.
+Your Netgear router must be connected to your network using an
+Ethernet cable. The device running `nmrpflash` must be connected
+to the same network, using either Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
-For this example, we'll assume that your network interface is `eth0`.
-First, we have to assign a static IP address to our network interface.
-In this example, we'll use `192.168.1.2`. All available network interfaces
-can be listed using
+All available network interfaces can be listed using
```
# nmrpflash -L
eth0 192.168.1.2 f2:11:a1:02:03:b1
```
-Now we can flash the image. The argument for the `-a` option needs
-to be a *free* IP address from the same subnet as the one used by your
-network interface; we'll use `192.168.1.254`. Firmware images can usually
-be downloaded directly from Netgear. For details on how to do this, see
-[here](#obtaining-firmware-images). Power on your device immediately
-after starting `nmrpflash`.
+Once you've determined the interface to use, we can flash the image. Firmware
+images can usually be downloaded directly from Netgear. Power on your device
+immediately after starting `nmrpflash`.
```
-# nmrpflash -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.254 -f EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img
+# nmrpflash -i eth0 -f EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img
Advertising NMRP server on eth0 ... /
Received configuration request from a4:2b:8c:00:00:01.
-Sending configuration: ip 192.168.1.254, mask 255.255.255.0.
+Sending configuration: ip 10.164.183.252, mask 255.255.255.0.
Received upload request: filename 'firmware'.
Uploading EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img ... OK
Waiting for remote to respond.
### Common issues
-In any case, run `nmrpflash` with `-vvv` before filing a bug report.
+In any case, run `nmrpflash` with `-vvv` before filing a bug report. Also,
+try connecting your Netgear router *directly* to the computer running
+`nmrpflash`.
-###### "Error while loading shared libraries: libpcap.so.0.8" (Linux)
+###### "Error while loading shared libraries: ..." (Linux)
-You must install your Linux distribution's `libpcap` package. In
-openSUSE or Ubuntu for example, install `libpcap0.8`. Other distros
-will have a similarily named package.
+You must install your Linux distribution's `libpcap` and `libnl-3`
+packages (exact names will vary depending on your distribution).
###### "The program can't start because wpcap.dll is missing" (Windows)
You could also try running `nmrpflash` with `-m` and specify your router's
MAC address. It's also possible that your device does not support the NMRP protocol.
-###### "Timeout while waiting for initial reply."
+###### "Timeout while waiting for ACK(0)/OACK."
-The device did not respond to `nmrpflash`'s TFTP upload request. This could indicate a bug
-in the TFTP code; try using an external tftp client (busybox in this example), by specifying
-the `-c` flag instead of the `-f` flag:
+The device did not respond to `nmrpflash`'s TFTP upload request. By default,
+`nmrpflash` will assign `10.164.183.252` to the target device, while adding `10.164.183.253`
+to the network interface specified by the `-i` flag. You can use `-a` to change the IP
+address assigned to the target (e.g. if your network is `192.168.1.0/24`, specify a *free*
+IP address, such as `-a 192.168.1.252`), and `-A` to change the IP address used for the
+network interface.
-`# nmrpflash -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.254 -c "busybox tftp -p -l EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img 192.168.1.254"`
+This error message could also indicate a bug in the TFTP code; try using an external tftp
+client (busybox in this example), by specifying the `-c` flag instead of the `-f` flag:
+
+`# nmrpflash -i eth0 -c 'busybox tftp -p -l EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img $IP'`
+
+The environment variable `IP` is set by `nmrpflash` (other environment variables
+are: `MAC`, `PORT`, `NETMASK`).
###### "Timeout while waiting for CLOSE_REQ."
[WinPcap Developer Pack](https://www.winpcap.org/devel.htm)
and extract it into the root folder of the nmrpflash sources.
-### Obtaining firmware images
-
-Firmware images can be downloaded directly from Netgear's FTP servers.
-For the Netgear EX2700 for example, download
-ftp://updates1.netgear.com/ex2700/ww/fileinfo.txt. At the top there
-should be an entry like this:
-
-```
-[Major1]
-file=EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img
-...
-```
-The download link for the latest firmware image for this device is thus:
-ftp://updates1.netgear.com/ex2700/ww/EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img. Substitute
-`ex2700` for your device (`wndr4300`, `wndr3700`, `r6100`, etc.). If
-neccessary, substitute `ww` (world-wide) for a specific region.
projects / oweals / nmrpflash.git / blobdiff