process robust list in pthread_exit to fix detached thread use-after-unmap

process robust list in pthread_exit to fix detached thread use-after-unmap

the robust list head lies in the thread structure, which is unmapped
before exit for detached threads. this leaves the kernel unable to
process the exiting thread's robust list, and with a dangling pointer
which may happen to point to new unrelated data at the time the kernel
processes it.

userspace processing of the robust list was already needed for
non-pshared robust mutexes in order to perform private futex wakes
rather than the shared ones the kernel would do, but it was
conditional on linking pthread_mutexattr_setrobust and did not bother
processing the pshared mutexes in the list, which requires additional
logic for the robust list pending slot in case pthread_exit is
interrupted by asynchronous process termination.

the new robust list processing code is linked unconditionally (inlined
in pthread_exit), handles both private and shared mutexes, and also
removes the kernel's reference to the robust list before unmapping and
exit if the exiting thread is detached.