1 /* origin: FreeBSD /usr/src/lib/msun/src/s_exp2f.c */
3 * Copyright (c) 2005 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
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33 redux = 0x1.8p23f / TBLSIZE,
39 static const double exp2ft[TBLSIZE] = {
59 * exp2f(x): compute the base 2 exponential of x
61 * Accuracy: Peak error < 0.501 ulp; location of peak: -0.030110927.
63 * Method: (equally-spaced tables)
66 * x = k + y, for integer k and |y| <= 1/2.
67 * Thus we have exp2f(x) = 2**k * exp2(y).
70 * y = i/TBLSIZE + z for integer i near y * TBLSIZE.
71 * Thus we have exp2(y) = exp2(i/TBLSIZE) * exp2(z),
72 * with |z| <= 2**-(TBLSIZE+1).
74 * We compute exp2(i/TBLSIZE) via table lookup and exp2(z) via a
75 * degree-4 minimax polynomial with maximum error under 1.4 * 2**-33.
76 * Using double precision for everything except the reduction makes
77 * roundoff error insignificant and simplifies the scaling step.
79 * This method is due to Tang, but I do not use his suggested parameters:
81 * Tang, P. Table-driven Implementation of the Exponential Function
82 * in IEEE Floating-Point Arithmetic. TOMS 15(2), 144-157 (1989).
87 union {float f; uint32_t i;} u = {x};
88 union {double f; uint64_t i;} uk;
91 /* Filter out exceptional cases. */
92 ix = u.i & 0x7fffffff;
93 if (ix > 0x42fc0000) { /* |x| > 126 */
94 if (u.i >= 0x43000000 && u.i < 0x80000000) { /* x >= 128 */
98 if (u.i >= 0x80000000) { /* x < -126 */
99 if (u.i >= 0xc3160000 || (u.i & 0x0000ffff))
100 FORCE_EVAL(-0x1p-149f/x);
101 if (u.i >= 0xc3160000) /* x <= -150 */
104 } else if (ix <= 0x33000000) { /* |x| <= 0x1p-25 */
108 /* Reduce x, computing z, i0, and k. */
113 uk.i = (uint64_t)(0x3ff + k)<<52;
117 /* Compute r = exp2(y) = exp2ft[i0] * p(z). */
120 r = r + t * (P1 + z * P2) + t * (z * z) * (P3 + z * P4);