EVP: add missing common functionality

EVP: add missing common functionality

This adds the missing functions that should be common for all
fetchable EVP sub-APIs:

EVP_KEYMGMT_is_a(), EVP_KEYMGMT_do_all_provided(), EVP_KEYEXCH_is_a(),
EVP_KEYEXCH_do_all_provided(), EVP_KDF_is_a(), EVP_MD_is_a(),
EVP_SIGNATURE_do_all_provided(), EVP_SIGNATURE_is_a().

This also renames EVP_MD_do_all_ex(), EVP_CIPHER_do_all_ex(),
EVP_KDF_do_all_ex(), EVP_MAC_do_all_ex() to change '_ex'
to '_provided'.

Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tmraz@fedoraproject.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/9979)