oweals/openssl.git
16 years agoSubmitted by: Victor B. Wagner <vitus@cryptocom.ru>, steve
Dr. Stephen Henson [Tue, 4 Dec 2007 12:41:28 +0000 (12:41 +0000)]
Submitted by: Victor B. Wagner <vitus@cryptocom.ru>, steve

Use default algorithms for OCSP request and response signing. New command
line option to support other digest use for OCSP certificate IDs.

16 years agoChange submitted by Doug Kaufman. He writes:
Richard Levitte [Mon, 3 Dec 2007 09:02:29 +0000 (09:02 +0000)]
Change submitted by Doug Kaufman.  He writes:

  I just compiled the 9.9-dev version from the 12022007 tarball under
  DJGPP. There were only 2 changes needed, one for b_sock.c, since
  DJGPP with WATT32 doesn't define socklen_t and one for testtsa to
  handle DOS style path separators. I also noted what seems to be a
  typographical error in ts.pod. The test suite passes. The patch is
  attached.

  Since I am in the US, I have sent notifications to the Bureau of
  Industry and Security and to the NSA.

16 years agoSome assembler are allergic to lea reg,BYTE PTR[...].
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 2 Dec 2007 21:32:03 +0000 (21:32 +0000)]
Some assembler are allergic to lea reg,BYTE PTR[...].

Submitted by: Guenter Knauf

16 years agoStructure symbol decorations, optimize label handling...
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 24 Nov 2007 16:03:57 +0000 (16:03 +0000)]
Structure symbol decorations, optimize label handling...

16 years agoRebuild OID database: duplicates got in there somehow??
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 23 Nov 2007 00:34:00 +0000 (00:34 +0000)]
Rebuild OID database: duplicates got in there somehow??

16 years agoFix from stable branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 23 Nov 2007 00:19:24 +0000 (00:19 +0000)]
Fix from stable branch.

16 years agoAdd caRepository OID and sync object NIDs with OpenSSL 0.9.8.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 23 Nov 2007 00:14:59 +0000 (00:14 +0000)]
Add caRepository OID and sync object NIDs with OpenSSL 0.9.8.

16 years agoSynchronize x86nasm.pl with x86unix.pl.
Andy Polyakov [Thu, 22 Nov 2007 21:21:35 +0000 (21:21 +0000)]
Synchronize x86nasm.pl with x86unix.pl.

16 years agoCombat [bogus] relocations in some assember modules.
Andy Polyakov [Thu, 22 Nov 2007 20:51:48 +0000 (20:51 +0000)]
Combat [bogus] relocations in some assember modules.

16 years agoLookup public key ASN1 methods by string by iterating through all
Dr. Stephen Henson [Wed, 21 Nov 2007 17:25:58 +0000 (17:25 +0000)]
Lookup public key ASN1 methods by string by iterating through all
implementations instead of all added ENGINEs to cover case where an
ENGINE is not added.

16 years agoSubmitted by: "Victor B. Wagner" <vitus@cryptocom.ru>
Dr. Stephen Henson [Wed, 21 Nov 2007 12:39:12 +0000 (12:39 +0000)]
Submitted by: "Victor B. Wagner" <vitus@cryptocom.ru>

Update gost algorithm print routines.

16 years agoAvoid warning.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Tue, 20 Nov 2007 17:52:02 +0000 (17:52 +0000)]
Avoid warning.

16 years agoUpdate debug-steve targets.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Tue, 20 Nov 2007 17:51:45 +0000 (17:51 +0000)]
Update debug-steve targets.

16 years agoSubmitted by: "Victor B. Wagner" <vitus@cryptocom.ru>
Dr. Stephen Henson [Tue, 20 Nov 2007 13:37:51 +0000 (13:37 +0000)]
Submitted by: "Victor B. Wagner" <vitus@cryptocom.ru>

Make {d2i,i2d}_PrivateKey() fall back to PKCS#8 format if no legacy format
supported. Add support in d2i_AutoPrivateKey().

16 years agoRebuild object cross reference table.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Tue, 20 Nov 2007 13:04:45 +0000 (13:04 +0000)]
Rebuild object cross reference table.

16 years agoTypos in man pages: dependant->dependent
Lutz Jänicke [Mon, 19 Nov 2007 09:18:03 +0000 (09:18 +0000)]
Typos in man pages: dependant->dependent

Submitted by: Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@bugol.de>

16 years agoShould reject signatures that we can't properly verify
Bodo Möller [Mon, 19 Nov 2007 07:25:55 +0000 (07:25 +0000)]
Should reject signatures that we can't properly verify
and couldn't generate
(as pointed out by Ernst G Giessmann)

16 years agofix typos
Bodo Möller [Mon, 19 Nov 2007 07:24:08 +0000 (07:24 +0000)]
fix typos

Submitted by: Ernst G. Giessmann

17 years agoFix buffer overflow.
Ben Laurie [Fri, 16 Nov 2007 14:41:09 +0000 (14:41 +0000)]
Fix buffer overflow.

17 years agoThe hash length check wasn't strict enough,
Bodo Möller [Fri, 16 Nov 2007 13:01:14 +0000 (13:01 +0000)]
The hash length check wasn't strict enough,
as pointed out by Ernst G Giessmann

17 years agoFix warnings.
Ben Laurie [Fri, 16 Nov 2007 03:03:01 +0000 (03:03 +0000)]
Fix warnings.

17 years agoCommit #16325 fixed one thing but broke DH with certain moduli.
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 3 Nov 2007 20:09:04 +0000 (20:09 +0000)]
Commit #16325 fixed one thing but broke DH with certain moduli.

17 years agoFix from stable branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Sat, 3 Nov 2007 13:09:34 +0000 (13:09 +0000)]
Fix from stable branch.

17 years agoAdd OIDs by CMP (RFC 4210) and CRMF (RFC 4211)
Lutz Jänicke [Thu, 1 Nov 2007 08:24:56 +0000 (08:24 +0000)]
Add OIDs by CMP (RFC 4210) and CRMF (RFC 4211)

Submitted by: Martin Peylo <martinmeis@googlemail.com>

17 years agoFix duplicate error codes.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 26 Oct 2007 23:54:46 +0000 (23:54 +0000)]
Fix duplicate error codes.

17 years agoGOST ENGINE information.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 26 Oct 2007 23:50:40 +0000 (23:50 +0000)]
GOST ENGINE information.

17 years ago1. Changes for s_client.c to make it return non-zero exit code in case
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 26 Oct 2007 12:06:36 +0000 (12:06 +0000)]
1. Changes for s_client.c to make it return non-zero exit code in case
of handshake failure

2. Changes to x509_certificate_type function (crypto/x509/x509type.c) to
make it recognize GOST certificates as EVP_PKT_SIGN|EVP_PKT_EXCH
(required for s3_srvr to accept GOST client certificates).

3. Changes to EVP
- adding of function EVP_PKEY_CTX_get0_peerkey
- Make function EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peerkey work for context with
  ENCRYPT operation, because we use peerkey field in the context to
  pass non-ephemeral secret key to GOST encrypt operation.
- added EVP_PKEY_CTRL_SET_IV control command. It is really
  GOST-specific, but it is used in SSL code, so it has to go
  in some header file, available during libssl compilation

4. Fix to HMAC to avoid call of OPENSSL_cleanse on undefined data

5. Include des.h if KSSL_DEBUG is defined into some libssl files, to
  make debugging output which depends on constants defined there, work
  and other KSSL_DEBUG output fixes

6. Declaration of real GOST ciphersuites, two authentication methods
   SSL_aGOST94 and SSL_aGOST2001 and one key exchange method SSL_kGOST

7. Implementation  of these methods.

8. Support for sending unsolicited serverhello extension if GOST
  ciphersuite is selected. It is require for interoperability with
  CryptoPro CSP 3.0 and 3.6 and controlled by
  SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG constant.
  This constant is added to SSL_OP_ALL, because it does nothing, if
  non-GOST ciphersuite is selected, and all implementation of GOST
  include compatibility with CryptoPro.

9. Support for CertificateVerify message without length field. It is
   another CryptoPro bug, but support is made unconditional, because it
   does no harm for draft-conforming implementation.

10. In tls1_mac extra copy of stream mac context is no more done.
  When I've written currently commited code I haven't read
  EVP_DigestSignFinal manual carefully enough and haven't noticed that
  it does an internal digest ctx copying.

This implementation was tested against
1. CryptoPro CSP 3.6 client and server
2. Cryptopro CSP 3.0 server

17 years agoRelease OpenSSL 0.9.8g with various fixes to issues introduced with 0.9.8f
Lutz Jänicke [Fri, 19 Oct 2007 08:26:03 +0000 (08:26 +0000)]
Release OpenSSL 0.9.8g with various fixes to issues introduced with 0.9.8f

17 years agoFix from stable branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Thu, 18 Oct 2007 11:42:47 +0000 (11:42 +0000)]
Fix from stable branch.

17 years agoDon't let DTLS ChangeCipherSpec increment handshake sequence number.
Andy Polyakov [Wed, 17 Oct 2007 21:15:48 +0000 (21:15 +0000)]
Don't let DTLS ChangeCipherSpec increment handshake sequence number.
PR: 1587

17 years agoDon't lookup zero length session ID.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Wed, 17 Oct 2007 17:31:57 +0000 (17:31 +0000)]
Don't lookup zero length session ID.
PR: 1591

17 years agoFix from stable branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Wed, 17 Oct 2007 11:49:27 +0000 (11:49 +0000)]
Fix from stable branch.

17 years agoMake ssl compile [from 098-stable, bug is masked by default].
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 14 Oct 2007 14:09:13 +0000 (14:09 +0000)]
Make ssl compile [from 098-stable, bug is masked by default].

17 years agoBunch of constifications.
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 13 Oct 2007 15:51:32 +0000 (15:51 +0000)]
Bunch of constifications.

17 years agoFix warnings in d1_both.c [from 0.9.8-stable].
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 13 Oct 2007 11:00:52 +0000 (11:00 +0000)]
Fix warnings in d1_both.c [from 0.9.8-stable].

17 years agoDTLS fixes from 0.9.8-stable.
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 13 Oct 2007 10:57:02 +0000 (10:57 +0000)]
DTLS fixes from 0.9.8-stable.

17 years agoSynchronize CHANGES between 0.9.8 and HEAD.
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 13 Oct 2007 10:55:30 +0000 (10:55 +0000)]
Synchronize CHANGES between 0.9.8 and HEAD.

17 years ago0.9.8f.
Ben Laurie [Fri, 12 Oct 2007 10:56:10 +0000 (10:56 +0000)]
0.9.8f.

17 years agoUpdate CHANGES. Keep ordinals consistent.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 12 Oct 2007 00:15:09 +0000 (00:15 +0000)]
Update CHANGES. Keep ordinals consistent.

17 years agoNew release.
Ben Laurie [Thu, 11 Oct 2007 19:31:29 +0000 (19:31 +0000)]
New release.

17 years agoRespect cookie length set by app_gen_cookie_cb.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 9 Oct 2007 19:31:18 +0000 (19:31 +0000)]
Respect cookie length set by app_gen_cookie_cb.

Submitted by: Alex Lam

17 years agoMake DTLS1 record layer MAC calculation RFC compliant.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 9 Oct 2007 19:19:07 +0000 (19:19 +0000)]
Make DTLS1 record layer MAC calculation RFC compliant.

Submitted by: Alex Lam

17 years agoAddendum to commit #16654.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 9 Oct 2007 16:37:24 +0000 (16:37 +0000)]
Addendum to commit #16654.

17 years agosize_t-fy crypto/buffer.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 9 Oct 2007 15:52:07 +0000 (15:52 +0000)]
size_t-fy crypto/buffer.

17 years agoignore a few additionally generated files
Ralf S. Engelschall [Tue, 9 Oct 2007 09:56:44 +0000 (09:56 +0000)]
ignore a few additionally generated files

17 years agoAddendum to commit #16651.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 7 Oct 2007 14:34:59 +0000 (14:34 +0000)]
Addendum to commit #16651.

17 years agoMake it possible to link VC static lib with either /MT or /MD application.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 7 Oct 2007 12:55:36 +0000 (12:55 +0000)]
Make it possible to link VC static lib with either /MT or /MD application.
PR: 1230

17 years agoProhibit RC4 in DTLS.
Andy Polyakov [Fri, 5 Oct 2007 21:04:56 +0000 (21:04 +0000)]
Prohibit RC4 in DTLS.

17 years agoFix from fips branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 5 Oct 2007 16:53:31 +0000 (16:53 +0000)]
Fix from fips branch.

17 years agoOff by one fix from stable branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Thu, 4 Oct 2007 12:07:52 +0000 (12:07 +0000)]
Off by one fix from stable branch.

17 years agoSwitch to bn-s390x (it's faster on keys longer than 512 bits) and mention
Andy Polyakov [Mon, 1 Oct 2007 07:38:32 +0000 (07:38 +0000)]
Switch to bn-s390x (it's faster on keys longer than 512 bits) and mention
s390x assembler pack in CHANAGES.

17 years agoOops! This was erroneously left out commit #16632.
Andy Polyakov [Mon, 1 Oct 2007 06:27:21 +0000 (06:27 +0000)]
Oops! This was erroneously left out commit #16632.

17 years agoBasic idea behind explicit IV is to make it unpredictable for attacker.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 30 Sep 2007 22:01:36 +0000 (22:01 +0000)]
Basic idea behind explicit IV is to make it unpredictable for attacker.
Until now it was xor between CBC residue and 1st block from last datagram,
or in other words still predictable.

17 years agoMake ChangeCipherSpec compliant with DTLS RFC4347.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 30 Sep 2007 21:19:30 +0000 (21:19 +0000)]
Make ChangeCipherSpec compliant with DTLS RFC4347.

17 years agoDTLS RFC4347 says HelloVerifyRequest resets Finished MAC.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 30 Sep 2007 19:34:36 +0000 (19:34 +0000)]
DTLS RFC4347 says HelloVerifyRequest resets Finished MAC.

17 years agoDTLS RFC4347 requires client to use rame random field in reply to
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 30 Sep 2007 19:15:27 +0000 (19:15 +0000)]
DTLS RFC4347 requires client to use rame random field in reply to
HelloVerifyRequest.

17 years agoSwitch to RFC-compliant version encoding in DTLS.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 30 Sep 2007 18:53:54 +0000 (18:53 +0000)]
Switch to RFC-compliant version encoding in DTLS.

17 years agoMove no status notification to ssl_check_serverhello_tlsext() to ensure
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 28 Sep 2007 17:45:11 +0000 (17:45 +0000)]
Move no status notification to ssl_check_serverhello_tlsext() to ensure
no status is notified even if no server extensions are present.

17 years agoTypo.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Fri, 28 Sep 2007 17:18:18 +0000 (17:18 +0000)]
Typo.

17 years agoYet another ARM update. It appears to be more appropriate to make
Andy Polyakov [Thu, 27 Sep 2007 16:27:03 +0000 (16:27 +0000)]
Yet another ARM update. It appears to be more appropriate to make
developers responsible for -march choice.

17 years agoMove -march=armv4t to ./config.
Andy Polyakov [Thu, 27 Sep 2007 07:43:58 +0000 (07:43 +0000)]
Move -march=armv4t to ./config.

17 years agoMinor ARMv4 update.
Andy Polyakov [Thu, 27 Sep 2007 07:20:31 +0000 (07:20 +0000)]
Minor ARMv4 update.

17 years agoARMv4 assembler pack.
Andy Polyakov [Thu, 27 Sep 2007 07:09:46 +0000 (07:09 +0000)]
ARMv4 assembler pack.

17 years ago10% performance tweak in 64-bit mode.
Andy Polyakov [Thu, 27 Sep 2007 06:19:25 +0000 (06:19 +0000)]
10% performance tweak in 64-bit mode.

17 years agoSupport for certificate status TLS extension.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Wed, 26 Sep 2007 21:56:59 +0000 (21:56 +0000)]
Support for certificate status TLS extension.

17 years agoMake sha512-armv4.pl byte-order neutral.
Andy Polyakov [Wed, 26 Sep 2007 12:17:33 +0000 (12:17 +0000)]
Make sha512-armv4.pl byte-order neutral.

17 years agoClarify commentary in sha512-sparcv9.pl.
Andy Polyakov [Wed, 26 Sep 2007 12:16:32 +0000 (12:16 +0000)]
Clarify commentary in sha512-sparcv9.pl.

17 years agoTypos
Lutz Jänicke [Mon, 24 Sep 2007 11:22:58 +0000 (11:22 +0000)]
Typos
PR: 1578
Submitted by: Charles Longeau <chl@tuxfamily.org>

17 years agoPort from 0.9.8-stable
Lutz Jänicke [Mon, 24 Sep 2007 11:01:18 +0000 (11:01 +0000)]
Port from 0.9.8-stable

17 years agoUse accept flag for new session ticket write.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Sun, 23 Sep 2007 15:55:15 +0000 (15:55 +0000)]
Use accept flag for new session ticket write.

17 years agoproperly handle length-zero opaque PRF input values
Bodo Möller [Sun, 23 Sep 2007 11:30:53 +0000 (11:30 +0000)]
properly handle length-zero opaque PRF input values
(which are pointless, but still might occur)

17 years agofix length parameter in SSL_set_tlsext_opaque_prf_input() calls
Bodo Möller [Sun, 23 Sep 2007 11:08:59 +0000 (11:08 +0000)]
fix length parameter in SSL_set_tlsext_opaque_prf_input() calls

17 years agoImplement the Opaque PRF Input TLS extension
Bodo Möller [Fri, 21 Sep 2007 06:54:24 +0000 (06:54 +0000)]
Implement the Opaque PRF Input TLS extension
(draft-rescorla-tls-opaque-prf-input-00.txt), and do some cleanups and
bugfixes on the way.  In particular, this fixes the buffer bounds
checks in ssl_add_clienthello_tlsext() and in ssl_add_serverhello_tlsext().

Note that the opaque PRF Input TLS extension is not compiled by default;
see CHANGES.

17 years agoFix indentation in d1_both.c.
Andy Polyakov [Wed, 19 Sep 2007 16:38:15 +0000 (16:38 +0000)]
Fix indentation in d1_both.c.

17 years agoFix dependencies. Make depend.
Ben Laurie [Wed, 19 Sep 2007 14:53:18 +0000 (14:53 +0000)]
Fix dependencies. Make depend.

17 years agoThe other half of make errors.
Ben Laurie [Wed, 19 Sep 2007 14:51:28 +0000 (14:51 +0000)]
The other half of make errors.

17 years agomake errors.
Ben Laurie [Wed, 19 Sep 2007 14:29:59 +0000 (14:29 +0000)]
make errors.

17 years agofix warning
Bodo Möller [Wed, 19 Sep 2007 01:43:59 +0000 (01:43 +0000)]
fix warning

17 years agoClean up error codes a bit.
Bodo Möller [Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:58:58 +0000 (00:58 +0000)]
Clean up error codes a bit.
(engines/ccgost/ remains utter chaos, though; "make errors" is not happy.)

17 years agoAddenum to "Constify obj_dat.[ch]."
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 22:15:31 +0000 (22:15 +0000)]
Addenum to "Constify obj_dat.[ch]."

17 years agoMinor formatting fixes in crypto/sha/asm.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 21:12:02 +0000 (21:12 +0000)]
Minor formatting fixes in crypto/sha/asm.

17 years agoWire RC4 key_table to read-only segment.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 21:10:32 +0000 (21:10 +0000)]
Wire RC4 key_table to read-only segment.

17 years agoConstify obj_dat.[ch], as well as minimize linker relocations.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 21:05:21 +0000 (21:05 +0000)]
Constify obj_dat.[ch], as well as minimize linker relocations.

17 years agoWire DES weak_keys to read-only segment.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 20:58:33 +0000 (20:58 +0000)]
Wire DES weak_keys to read-only segment.

17 years agoEliminate redundant make rule.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 20:57:06 +0000 (20:57 +0000)]
Eliminate redundant make rule.

17 years agoMinimize stack utilization in probable_prime.
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 20:52:05 +0000 (20:52 +0000)]
Minimize stack utilization in probable_prime.

17 years agoRemove excessive whitespaces from bio.h
Andy Polyakov [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 20:48:39 +0000 (20:48 +0000)]
Remove excessive whitespaces from bio.h

17 years agoMake sure that BN_from_montgomery keeps the BIGNUMS in proper format
Bodo Möller [Tue, 18 Sep 2007 16:35:28 +0000 (16:35 +0000)]
Make sure that BN_from_montgomery keeps the BIGNUMS in proper format

17 years agoUpdate from stable branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Mon, 17 Sep 2007 17:54:31 +0000 (17:54 +0000)]
Update from stable branch.

17 years agoUpdate from stable branch.
Dr. Stephen Henson [Mon, 17 Sep 2007 17:31:53 +0000 (17:31 +0000)]
Update from stable branch.

17 years agoMention aes in enc.pod.
Andy Polyakov [Mon, 17 Sep 2007 16:42:35 +0000 (16:42 +0000)]
Mention aes in enc.pod.
PR: 1529

17 years agoMention SHA2 in openssl.pod.
Andy Polyakov [Mon, 17 Sep 2007 15:56:55 +0000 (15:56 +0000)]
Mention SHA2 in openssl.pod.
PR: 1575

17 years agoRemove pq_compat.h.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 16 Sep 2007 19:29:35 +0000 (19:29 +0000)]
Remove pq_compat.h.

17 years agoMinor sha[256|512]-586 performance tweaks.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 16 Sep 2007 18:47:24 +0000 (18:47 +0000)]
Minor sha[256|512]-586 performance tweaks.

17 years agoIt's inappropraite to override application signal, nor is it appropriate
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 16 Sep 2007 18:35:02 +0000 (18:35 +0000)]
It's inappropraite to override application signal, nor is it appropriate
to shut down Winsock unless we know it won't be used [and we never do].
PR: 1439

17 years agoMinor fix in link_[oa].hpux.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 16 Sep 2007 14:11:00 +0000 (14:11 +0000)]
Minor fix in link_[oa].hpux.

17 years agoBSD run-time linkers apparently demand RPATH on .so objects.
Andy Polyakov [Sun, 16 Sep 2007 12:23:47 +0000 (12:23 +0000)]
BSD run-time linkers apparently demand RPATH on .so objects.
PR: 1381

17 years agoMake bn2dec work on "SIXTY_FOUR_BIT" platforms.
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 15 Sep 2007 17:05:11 +0000 (17:05 +0000)]
Make bn2dec work on "SIXTY_FOUR_BIT" platforms.
PR: 1456

17 years agoRemove sha512-sse2.pl.
Andy Polyakov [Sat, 15 Sep 2007 13:45:17 +0000 (13:45 +0000)]
Remove sha512-sse2.pl.

17 years agoEngage new x86 assembler modules.
Andy Polyakov [Fri, 14 Sep 2007 21:06:14 +0000 (21:06 +0000)]
Engage new x86 assembler modules.