Guus Sliepen [Sun, 12 Apr 2015 13:35:50 +0000 (15:35 +0200)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'dechamps/winmtu' into 1.1
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 12 Apr 2015 13:35:37 +0000 (15:35 +0200)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'dechamps/fsckwin' into 1.1
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 12 Apr 2015 13:34:50 +0000 (15:34 +0200)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'dechamps/staticfix' into 1.1
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 15 Mar 2015 10:00:56 +0000 (10:00 +0000)]
Make sure packet header structures are correctly packed on Windows.
Modern versions of GCC handle structure packing differently when
compiling for Windows, as reported in the following GCC bug report:
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52991
In practice, this affects tinc because it uses packed structs as a
convenient way to populate packet headers. "struct ip" is especially
affected - on Linux, sizeof(struct ip) returns 20 as expected, while on
Windows, it returns 24 because of the broken alignment.
This in turn completely breaks code that has to populate an IP header.
Specifically, this breaks route_ipv4_unreachable() which is responsible,
among other things, for the generation of ICMP Fragmentation Needed
messages. On Windows, these messages are corrupted beyond hope because
of this alignment issue. For TCP connections that are established
before tinc obtains a fix on the MTU (and thus are not MSS clamped),
this can result in massive disruption.
This commit fixes the issue by forcing GCC to use standard alignment
for all packed structures in the tinc codebase instead of the MSVC
alignment.
Etienne Dechamps [Sat, 14 Mar 2015 16:17:32 +0000 (16:17 +0000)]
Fix HAVE_DECL_RES_INIT conditionals.
HAVE_DECL_RES_INIT is generated using AC_CHECK_DECLS. tinc checks this
symbol using #ifdef, which is wrong because (according to autoconf docs)
the symbol is always defined, it's just set to zero if the check failed.
This broke the Windows build starting from
0b310bf406dbe58afe37fa31156b9ea47599d7be, because it introduced this
conditional in code that's not excluded from the Windows build.
Etienne Dechamps [Sat, 14 Mar 2015 16:07:54 +0000 (16:07 +0000)]
Fix invalid getuid() call on Windows.
This is breaking the Windows build. Regression was introduced in
268e3ffca7b45cfc736e1bc9bec7a113c6c45701.
Etienne Dechamps [Sat, 14 Mar 2015 14:04:50 +0000 (14:04 +0000)]
Don't send UDP probes past static relays.
Ironically, commit
0f8e2cc78cafe47a087d3fc9b480551b841aeb30 introduced
a regression on its own, since it accidently removed a return statement
that prevented try_tx_sptps() from sending UDP/MTU probes to nodes that
are past static relays.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 8 Mar 2015 20:17:27 +0000 (20:17 +0000)]
Throttle the rate of MTU_INFO messages.
This makes sure MTU_INFO messages are only sent at the maximum rate of
5 per second (by default). As usual with these "probe" mechanisms, the
rate of these messages cannot be higher than the rate of data packets
themselves, since they are sent from the RX path.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 8 Mar 2015 19:54:44 +0000 (19:54 +0000)]
Throttle the rate of UDP_INFO messages.
This makes sure UDP_INFO messages are only sent at the maximum rate of
5 per second (by default). As usual with these "probe" mechanisms, the
rate of these messages cannot be higher than the rate of data packets
themselves, since they are sent from the RX path.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 8 Mar 2015 18:54:50 +0000 (18:54 +0000)]
Add MTU_INFO protocol message.
In this commit, nodes use MTU_INFO messages to provide MTU information.
The issue this code is meant to address is the non-trivial problem of
finding the proper MTU when UDP SPTPS relays are involved. Currently,
tinc has no idea what the MTU looks like beyond the first relay, and
will arbitrarily use the first relay's MTU as the limit. This will fail
miserably if the MTU decreases after the first relay, forcing relays to
fall back to TCP. More generally, one should keep in mind that relay
paths can be arbitrarily complex, resulting in packets taking "epic
journeys" through the graph, switching back and forth between UDP (with
variable MTUs) and TCP multiple times along the path.
A solution that was considered consists in sending standard MTU probes
through the relays. This is inefficient (if there are 3 nodes on one
side of relay and 3 nodes on the other side, we end up with 3*3=9 MTU
discoveries taking place at the same time, while technically only
3+3=6 are needed) and would involve eyebrow-raising behaviors such as
probes being sent over TCP.
This commit implements an alternative solution, which consists in
the packet receiver sending MTU_INFO messages to the packet sender.
The message contains an MTU value which is set to maximum when the
message is originally sent. The message gets altered as it travels
through the metagraph, such that when the message arrives to the
destination, the MTU value contained in the message can be used to
send packets while making sure no relays will be forced to fall back to
TCP to deliver them.
The operating principles behind such a protocol message are similar to
how the UDP_INFO message works, but there is a key difference that
prevents us from simply reusing the same message: the UDP_INFO message
only cares about relay-to-relay links (i.e. it is sent between static
relays and the information it contains only makes sense between two
adjacent static relays), while the MTU_INFO cares about the end-to-end
MTU, including the entire relay path. Therefore, UDP_INFO messages stop
when they encounter static relays, while MTU_INFO messages don't stop
until they get to the original packet sender.
Note that, technically, the MTU that is obtained through this mechanism
can be slightly pessimistic, because it can be lowered by an
intermediate node that is not being used as a relay. Since nodes have no
way of knowing whether they'll be used as dynamic relays or not (and
have no say in the matter), this is not a trivial problem. That said,
this is highly unlikely to result in noticeable issues in realistic
scenarios.
Etienne Dechamps [Sat, 3 Jan 2015 17:46:33 +0000 (17:46 +0000)]
Add UDP_INFO protocol message.
In this commit, nodes use UDP_INFO messages to provide UDP address
information. The basic principle is that the node that receives packets
sends UDP_INFO messages to the node that's sending the packets. The
message originally contains no address information, and is (hopefully)
updated with relevant address information as it gets relayed through the
metagraph - specifically, each intermediate node will update the message
with its best guess as to what the address is while forwarding it.
When a node receives an UDP_INFO message, and it doesn't have a
confirmed UDP tunnel with the originator node, it will update its
records with the new address for that node, so that it always has the
best possible guess as to how to reach that node. This applies to the
destination node of course, but also to any intermediate nodes, because
there's no reason they should pass on the free intel, and because it
results in nice behavior in the presence of relay chains (multiple nodes
in a path all trying to reach the same destination).
If, on the other hand, the node does have a confirmed UDP tunnel, it
will ignore the address information contained in the message.
In all cases, if the node that receives the message is not the
destination node specified in the message, it will forward the message
but not before overriding the address information with the one from its
own records. If the node has a confirmed UDP tunnel, that means the
message is updated with the address of the confirmed tunnel; if not,
the message simply reflects the records of the intermediate node, which
just happen to be the contents of the UDP_INFO message it just got, so
it's simply forwarded with no modification.
This is similar to the way ANS_KEY messages are currently
overloaded to provide UDP address information, with two differences:
- UDP_INFO messages are sent way more often than ANS_KEY messages,
thereby keeping the address information fresh. Previously, if the UDP
situation were to change after the ANS_KEY message was sent, the
sender would virtually never get the updated information.
- Once a node puts address information in an ANS_KEY message, it is
never changed again as the message travels through the metagraph; in
contrast, UDP_INFO messages behave the opposite way, as they get
rewritten every time they travel through a node with a confirmed UDP
tunnel. The latter behavior seems more appropriate because UDP tunnel
information becomes more relevant as it moves closer to the
destination node. The ANS_KEY behavior is not satisfactory in some
cases such as multi-layered graphs where the first hop is located
before a NAT.
Ultimately, the rationale behind this whole process is to improve UDP
hole punching capabilities when port translation is in effect, and more
generally, to make tinc more reliable in (very) hostile network
conditions (such as multi-layered NAT).
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 14 Mar 2015 12:02:29 +0000 (12:02 +0000)]
--syslog and --logfile are mutually exclusive.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 14 Mar 2015 12:02:06 +0000 (12:02 +0000)]
Fix the case where we detach and use --logfile.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 14 Mar 2015 11:45:55 +0000 (11:45 +0000)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'seehuhn/1.1' into 1.1
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 14 Mar 2015 11:44:38 +0000 (11:44 +0000)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'dechamps/sptpsabort' into 1.1
Jochen Voss [Fri, 13 Mar 2015 11:05:22 +0000 (11:05 +0000)]
Add a new --syslog option for tincd.
This commit adds a new command line option for tincd which allows to
use tincd in non-detached mode with log messages still going to
syslog. The motivation for this change is to ease use of tincd
in Docker containers.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 8 Mar 2015 17:32:39 +0000 (17:32 +0000)]
Don't abort() willy-nilly in SPTPS code.
If receive_handshake() or the receive_record() user callback returns an
error, sptps_receive_data_datagram() crashes the entire process. This is
heavy-handed, makes tinc very brittle to certain failures (i.e.
unexpected packets), and is inconsistent with the rest of SPTPS code.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 8 Mar 2015 14:32:01 +0000 (14:32 +0000)]
Fix UDP/MTU discovery in intermediate SPTPS UDP relays.
Refactoring commit
81578484dc74fd92f1b01f71f882016f120ab1de seems to
have introduced a regression as it moved discovery code away from
send_sptps_data_priv() and within send_packet(). The issue is,
send_packet() is not called when the node is simply relaying an UDP
SPTPS packet: indeed, send_sptps_data_priv() is called directly from
handle_incoming_vpn_data() in that case.
As a result, try_tx_sptps() is not called in the relaying case, which in
practice means that a relay doesn't initiate UDP/MTU discovery with the
next relay (unless some other activity compels it to do so). This can
result in packets getting sent over TCP instead of UDP from the relay.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 8 Mar 2015 14:20:15 +0000 (14:20 +0000)]
Fix dynamic UDP SPTPS relaying.
Refactoring commit
0e653260478005eb7c824a9a1a3df04f39938cd6 broke UDP
SPTPS relaying by accidently removing try_tx_sptps() logic related to
establishing connectivity to so-called "dynamic" relays (i.e. relays
that are not specified by IndirectData configuration statements, but
are used on-the-fly to circumvent loss of direct UDP connectivity).
Specifically, the TX path was not trying to establish a tunnel to
dynamic relays (nexthop) anymore. This meant that MTU was not being
discovered with dynamic relays, which basically meant that all packets
being sent to dynamic relays went over TCP, thereby defeating the whole
purpose of SPTPS UDP relaying.
Note that this bug could easily go unnoticed if a tunnel was established
with the dynamic tunnel for some other reason (i.e. exchanging actual
data packets with the relay node).
xentec [Tue, 17 Feb 2015 03:02:35 +0000 (04:02 +0100)]
Fix compile errors introduced in
cfe9285adf391ab66faeb5def811fe08e47a221a
Compiling with `--disable-legacy-protocol` resulted in failure caused by the missing exclusion of some symbols in net_packet.c.
Guus Sliepen [Mon, 16 Feb 2015 07:42:30 +0000 (08:42 +0100)]
Suppress warnings about parsing
Ed25519 keys when they are not present.
Guus Sliepen [Mon, 16 Feb 2015 07:26:49 +0000 (08:26 +0100)]
Document that --force should precede commands.
Sven-Haegar Koch [Tue, 10 Feb 2015 00:17:12 +0000 (01:17 +0100)]
Fixed variables.test testsuite after 'Make "tinc add" idempotent.' change.
Guus Sliepen [Mon, 9 Feb 2015 14:23:59 +0000 (15:23 +0100)]
Make "tinc add" idempotent.
When calling "tinc add" multiple times with the same variable and value,
make sure only one unique line is added to the configuration file.
Guus Sliepen [Mon, 9 Feb 2015 14:16:36 +0000 (15:16 +0100)]
Always call res_init() before getaddrinfo().
Unfortunately, glibc assumes that /etc/resolv.conf is a static file that
never changes. Even on servers, /etc/resolv.conf might be a dynamically
generated file, and we never know when it changes. So just call
res_init() every time, so glibc uses up-to-date nameserver information.
Guus Sliepen [Thu, 15 Jan 2015 21:57:56 +0000 (22:57 +0100)]
Add the "fsck" command to the CLI.
This will report possible problems in the configuration files, and in
some cases offers to fix them.
The code is far from perfect yet. It expects keys to be in their default
locations, it doesn't check for Public/PrivateKey[File] statemetns yet.
It also does not correctly handle
Ed25519 public keys yet.
Guus Sliepen [Mon, 12 Jan 2015 13:43:32 +0000 (14:43 +0100)]
Improve packet source detection.
When no UDP communication has been done yet, tinc establishes a guess
for the UDP address+port of each node. However, when there are multiple nodes
behind a NAT, tinc will guess the exact same address+port combination
for them, because it doesn't know about the NAT mappings yet. So when
receiving a packet, don't trust that guess unless we have confirmed UDP
communication.
This ensures try_harder() is called in such cases. However, this
function was actually very inefficient, trying to verify packets
multiple times for nodes with multiple edges. Only call try_mac() at
most once per node.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 16:44:50 +0000 (17:44 +0100)]
Send gratuitous type 2 probe replies.
If we receive any traffic from another node, we periodically send back a
gratuitous type 2 probe reply with the maximum received packet length.
On the other node, this causes the udp and perhaps mtu probe timers to
be reset, so it does not need to send a probe request. Gratuitous probe
replies from another node also count as received traffic for this
purpose, so for nodes that also have a meta-connection, UDP keepalive
packets in principle can now solely be type 2 replies. This reduces the
amount of probe traffic even more.
To work, gratuitous replies should be sent slightly more often than
udp_discovery_keepalive_interval, so probe requests won't be triggered.
This also means that the timer resolution must be smaller than the
difference between the two, and at the moment it's kind of a hack.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 15:14:05 +0000 (16:14 +0100)]
Send the size of the largest recently received packets in type 2 probe replies.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 15:12:57 +0000 (16:12 +0100)]
Move UDP probe reply code into its own function.
This reduces the level of indentation, and prepares for sending gratuitous type 2 probe replies.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 15:10:58 +0000 (16:10 +0100)]
Keep track of the largest UDP packet size received from a node.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 14:38:56 +0000 (15:38 +0100)]
Move detection of PMTU decrease to try_mtu().
When we have fixed the PMTU, n->mtuprobes == -1. When we send MTU probes
when mtuprobes == -1, decrease mtuprobes, and reset it back to -1 in
mtu_probe_h(). If mtuprobes < -1, send MTU probes every second, until
mtuprobes <= -4, in which case we will restart MTU discovery.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 13:44:27 +0000 (14:44 +0100)]
Send MTU probes only once every PingInterval.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 13:44:15 +0000 (14:44 +0100)]
Remove RTT and packet loss estimation code.
This is not working at all anymore. Just remove it, and we'll do another
attempt at RTT, bandwidth and packet loss estimation after the new
probing code stabilizes.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 12:53:16 +0000 (13:53 +0100)]
Only send small packets during UDP probes.
We are trying to decouple UDP probing from MTU probing, so only send
very small packets during UDP probing. This significantly reduces the
amount of traffic sent (54 to 67 bytes per probe instead of 1500 bytes).
This means the MTU probing code takes over sending PMTU sized probes,
but this commit does not take care of detecting PMTU decreases.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 12:51:55 +0000 (13:51 +0100)]
Immediately send our key when a meta-connection is established.
This is what 1.0 does, and speeds up the UDP probing.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 12:31:01 +0000 (13:31 +0100)]
Always keep UDP mappings alive for nodes that also have a meta-connection.
This is necessary for assisting with UDP hole punching. But we don't
need to know the PMTU for this, so only send UDP probes.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 11 Jan 2015 00:52:37 +0000 (01:52 +0100)]
Fix segfault when sptps_test cannot open the key files.
Etienne Dechamps [Tue, 30 Dec 2014 09:56:30 +0000 (09:56 +0000)]
Fix typo in logging statement.
This was introduced in
cfe9285adf391ab66faeb5def811fe08e47a221a.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 10 Jan 2015 22:58:35 +0000 (23:58 +0100)]
Don't send probe replies if we don't have the other's key.
This can happen with the legacy protocol. Don't try to send anything
back in this case, otherwise it will be sent via TCP, which is silly.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 10 Jan 2015 22:52:23 +0000 (23:52 +0100)]
Proactively send our own key when we request another node's key.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 10 Jan 2015 22:33:55 +0000 (23:33 +0100)]
Fix size of type 2 probe replies.
Type 2 replies should be as small as possible. The minimum payload size
for probe packets is 14 bytes, otherwise they won't be recognized as
such.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 10 Jan 2015 22:00:51 +0000 (23:00 +0100)]
Correctly estimate the initial MTU for legacy packets.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 10 Jan 2015 21:28:47 +0000 (22:28 +0100)]
Try to clarify the new code in net_packet.c a bit.
Mainly by trying to reduce complex if statements, by splitting try_tx() into try_tx_legacy() and
try_tx_sptps(), since they don't share a lot of code.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 10 Jan 2015 21:26:33 +0000 (22:26 +0100)]
Remember whether we sent our key to another node.
In tinc 1.0.x, this was tracked in node->inkey, however in tinc 1.1 we have an abstraction layer for
the legacy cipher and digest, and we don't keep an explicit copy of the key around. We cannot use
cipher_active() or digest_active(), since it is possible to set both to the null algorithm. So add a bit to
node_status_t.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 4 Jan 2015 15:00:02 +0000 (16:00 +0100)]
Use global "now" in try_udp() and try_mtu().
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 4 Jan 2015 13:19:23 +0000 (14:19 +0100)]
Use void pointers for opaque data blobs in the SHA512 code.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 4 Jan 2015 13:15:35 +0000 (14:15 +0100)]
Fix indentation and some whitespace issues.
Etienne Dechamps [Sat, 3 Jan 2015 10:05:57 +0000 (10:05 +0000)]
Use a different UDP discovery interval if the tunnel is established.
This introduces a new configuration option,
UDPDiscoveryKeepaliveInterval, which is used as the UDP discovery
interval once the UDP tunnel is established. The pre-existing option,
UDPDiscoveryInterval, is therefore only used before UDP connectivity
is established.
The defaults are set so that tinc sends UDP pings more aggressively
if the tunnel is not established yet. This is appropriate since the
size of probes in that scenario is very small (16 bytes).
Etienne Dechamps [Thu, 1 Jan 2015 16:59:45 +0000 (16:59 +0000)]
Recalculate and resend MTU probes if they are too large for the system.
Currently, if a MTU probe is sent and gets rejected by the system
because it is too large (i.e. send() returns EMSGSIZE), the MTU
discovery algorithm is not aware of it and still behaves as if the probe
was actually sent.
This patch makes the MTU discovery algorithm recalculate and send a new
probe when this happens, so that the probe "slot" does not go to waste.
Etienne Dechamps [Wed, 31 Dec 2014 16:21:08 +0000 (16:21 +0000)]
Fine-tune the MTU discovery multiplier for the maxmtu < MTU case.
The original multiplier constant for the MTU discovery algorithm, 0.97,
assumes a somewhat pessmistic scenario where we don't get any help from
the OS - i.e. maxmtu never changes. This can happen if IP_MTU is not
usable and the OS doesn't reject overly large packets.
However, in most systems the OS will, in fact, contribute to the MTU
discovery process. In these situations, an actual MTU equal to maxmtu
is quite likely (as opposed to the maxmtu = 1518 case where that is
highly unlikely, unless the physical network supports jumbo frames).
It therefore makes sense to use a multiplier of 1 - that will make the
first probe length equal to maxmtu.
The best results are obtained if the OS supports the getsockopt(IP_MTU)
call, and its result is accurate. In that case, tinc will typically fix
the MTU after one single probe(!), like so:
Using system-provided maximum tinc MTU for foobar (1.2.3.4 port 655): 1442
Sending UDP probe length 1442 to foobar (1.2.3.4 port 655)
Got type 2 UDP probe reply 1442 from foobar (1.2.3.4 port 655)
Fixing MTU of foobar (1.2.3.4 port 655) to 1442 after 1 probes
Etienne Dechamps [Wed, 31 Dec 2014 16:12:11 +0000 (16:12 +0000)]
Add IP_MTU-based maxmtu estimation.
Linux provides a getsockopt() option, IP_MTU, to get the kernel's best
guess at a connection MTU. In practice, it seems to return the MTU of
the physical interface the socket is using.
This patch uses this option to initialize maxmtu to a better value when
MTU discovery starts.
Unfortunately, this is not supported on Windows. Winsock has options
such as SO_MAX_MSG_SIZE, SO_MAXDG and SO_MAXPATHDG but they seem useless
as they always return absurdly large values (typically, 65507), as
confirmed by http://support.microsoft.com/kb/822061/
Etienne Dechamps [Wed, 31 Dec 2014 09:26:14 +0000 (09:26 +0000)]
Don't send MTU probes smaller than 512 bytes.
If MTU discovery comes up with an MTU smaller than 512 bytes (e.g. due
to massive packet loss), it's pretty much guaranteed to be wrong. Even
if it's not, most Internet applications assume the MTU will be at least
512, so fixing the MTU to a small value is likely to cause trouble
anyway.
This also makes the discovery algorithm converge even faster, since the
interval it has to consider is smaller.
Etienne Dechamps [Tue, 30 Dec 2014 17:02:38 +0000 (17:02 +0000)]
Adjust MTU probe counts.
The recently introduced new MTU discovery algorithm converges much
faster than the previous one, which allows us to reduce the number
of probes required before we can confidently fix the MTU. This commit
reduces the number of initial discovery probes from 90 to 20. With the
new algorithm this is more than enough to get to the precise (byte-level
accuracy) MTU value; in cases of packet loss or weird MTU values for
which the algorithm is not optimized, we should get close to the actual
value, and then we rely on MTU increase detection (steady state probes)
to fine-tune it later if the need arises.
This patch also triggers MTU increase detection even if the MTU we have
is off by only one byte. Previously we only did that if it was off by at
least 8 bytes. Considering that (1) this should happen less often,
(2) restarting MTU discovery is cheaper than before and (3) having MTUs
that are subtly off from their intended values by just a few bytes
sounds like trouble, this sounds like a good idea.
Etienne Dechamps [Tue, 30 Dec 2014 16:34:48 +0000 (16:34 +0000)]
Use a smarter algorithm for choosing MTU discovery probe sizes.
Currently, tinc uses a naive algorithm for choosing MTU discovery probe
sizes, picking a size at random between minmtu and maxmtu.
This is of course suboptimal - since the behavior of probes is
deterministic (assuming no packet loss), it seems likely that using a
non-deterministic discovery algorithm will not yield the best results.
Furthermore, the randomness introduces a lot of variation in convergence
times.
The random solution also suffers from pathological cases - since it's
using a uniform distribution, it doesn't take into account the fact that
it's often more interesting to send small probes rather than large ones,
because getting replies is the only way we can make progress (assuming
the worst case scenario in which the OS doesn't know anything, therefore
keeping maxmtu constant). This can lead to absurd situations where the
discovery algorithm is close to the real MTU, but can't get to it
because the random number generator keeps generating numbers that are
past it.
The algorithm implemented in this patch aims to improve on the naive
random algorithm. It is organized around "cycles" of 8 probes; the sizes
of the probes decrease as we go through the cycle, thus making sure the
algorithm can cover lots of ground quickly (in case we're far from
actual MTU), but also examining the local area (in case we're close to
actual MTU). Using cycles ensures that the algorithm will "go back" to
large probes to better cover the new interval and to protect against
packet loss.
For the probe size itself, various mathematical models were simulated in
an attempt to find the one that converges the fastest; it has been
determined that using an exponential based on the size of the remaining
interval was the most effective option. The exponential is adjusted with
a magic multiplier fine-tuned to make tinc jump to the "most
interesting" (i.e. 1400+) section as soon as discovery starts.
Simulations indicate that assuming no packet loss and no help from the
OS (i.e. maxmtu stays constant), this algorithm will typically converge
to the *exact* MTU value in less than 10 probes, and will get within 8
bytes in less than 5 probes, for actual MTUs between 1417 and ~1450
(which is the range the algorithm is fine-tuned for). In contrast, the
previous algorithm gives results all over the place, sometimes taking
30+ probes to get in the ballpark. Because of the issues with the
distribution, the previous algorithm sometimes never gets to the precise
MTU value within any reasonable amount of time - in contrast, the new
algorithm will always get to the precise value in less than 30 probes,
even if the actual MTU is completely outside the optimized range.
Etienne Dechamps [Tue, 30 Dec 2014 10:47:56 +0000 (10:47 +0000)]
Remove bandwidth estimation code.
tinc bandwidth estimation has always been quite unreliable (at least in
my experience), but there's no chance of it working anymore since the
last changes to MTU discovery code, because packets are not sent in
batches of three anymore.
This commit removes the dead code - fortunately, nothing depends on this
estimation (it's not even shown in node info). We probably need be
smarter about this if we do want this estimation back.
Etienne Dechamps [Tue, 30 Dec 2014 10:16:32 +0000 (10:16 +0000)]
Send one MTU probe at a time.
Currently, tinc sends MTU probes in batches of three every second. This
commit changes that to send one packet every 333 milliseconds instead.
This change brings two benefits:
- It makes MTU probing faster, because MTU probe lengths are calculated
based on minmtu, and minmtu is adjusted based on the replies. When
sending batches of three packets, all three packets are based on the
same minmtu estimation; in contrast, by sending one packet more
frequently, each subsequent packet can benefit from the replies that
have been received since the last packet was sent. As a result, MTU
discovery converges much faster (2-3 times as fast, typically).
- It reduces network spikiness - it's more network-friendly to send
one packet from time to time as opposed to sending bursts.
Etienne Dechamps [Thu, 1 Jan 2015 16:04:08 +0000 (16:04 +0000)]
Use -1 to identify the post-initial MTU discovery state.
This is a minor cosmetic nit to emphasise the distinction between the
initial MTU discovery phase, and the post-initial phase (i.e. maxmtu
checking).
Furthermore, this is an improvement with regard to the DRY (Don't
Repeat Yourself) principle, as the maximum mtuprobes value is only
written once.
Etienne Dechamps [Thu, 1 Jan 2015 10:32:14 +0000 (10:32 +0000)]
Fix MTU as soon as possible.
If a probe reply is received that makes minmtu equal to maxmtu, we
have to wait until try_mtu() runs to realize that. Since try_mtu()
runs after a packet is sent, this means there is at least one packet
(possibly more, depending on timing) that won't benefit from the
fixed MTU. This also happens when maxmtu is updated from the send()
path.
This commit fixes that by making sure we check whether the MTU can be
fixed every time minmtu or maxmtu is touched.
Etienne Dechamps [Mon, 29 Dec 2014 17:05:19 +0000 (17:05 +0000)]
Move try_mtu() closer to try_tx().
This moves related functions together, and is a pure cut-and-paste
change. The reason it was not done in the previous commit is because it
would have made the diff harder to review.
Etienne Dechamps [Mon, 29 Dec 2014 16:47:49 +0000 (16:47 +0000)]
Move PMTU discovery code into the TX path.
Currently, the PMTU discovery code is run by a timeout callback,
independently of tunnel activity. This commit moves it into the TX
path, meaning that send_mtu_probe_handler() is only called if a
packet is about to be sent. Consequently, it has been renamed to
try_mtu() for consistency with try_tx(), try_udp() and try_sptps().
Running PMTU discovery code only as part of the TX path prevents
PMTU discovery from generating unreasonable amounts of traffic when
the "real" traffic is negligible. One extreme example is sending one
real packet and then going silent: in the current code this one little
packet will result in the entire PMTU discovery algorithm being run
from start to finish, resulting in absurd write traffic amplification.
With this patch, PMTU discovery stops as soon as "real" packets stop
flowing, and will be no more aggressive than the underlying traffic.
Furthermore, try_mtu() only runs if there is confirmed UDP
connectivity as per the UDP discovery mechanism. This prevents
unnecessary network chatter - previously, the PMTU discovery code
would send bursts of (potentially large) probe packets every second
even if there was nothing on the other side. With this patch, the
PMTU code only does that if something replied to the lightweight UDP
discovery pings.
These inefficiencies were made even worse when the node is not a
direct neighbour, as tinc will use PMTU discovery both on the
destination node *and* the relay. UDP discovery is more lightweight for
this purpose.
As a bonus, this code simplifies overall code somewhat - state is
easier to manage when code is run in predictable contexts as opposed
to "surprise callbacks". In addition, there is no need to call PMTU
discovery code outside of net_packet.c anymore, thereby simplifying
module boundaries.
Etienne Dechamps [Mon, 29 Dec 2014 16:11:04 +0000 (16:11 +0000)]
Remove PMTU discovery code redundant with UDP discovery.
This is a rewrite of the send_mtu_probe_handler() function to make it
focus on the actual discovery of PMTU. In particular, the PMTU
discovery code doesn't care about tunnel state anymore - it only cares
about doing the initial PMTU discovery, and once that's done, making
sure PMTU did not increase by checking it from time to time. All other
duties have already been rewritten in the UDP discovery code.
As a result, the send_mtu_probe_handler(), which previously implemented
a nightmarish state machine which was very difficult to follow and
understand, has been massively simplified. We moved from four persistent
states to only two - initial discovery and steady state.
Furthermore, a side effect is that network chatter is reduced: instead
of sending bursts of three minmtu-sized packets in the steady state,
there is only one such packet that's sent from the UDP discovery code.
However, that introduces a slight regression in the bandwidth estimation
code, which relies on three-packet bursts in order to function.
Considering that this estimation is extremely unreliable (in my
experience) and isn't relied on by anything, this seems like an
acceptable regression.
Etienne Dechamps [Mon, 29 Dec 2014 15:40:55 +0000 (15:40 +0000)]
Move responsibility for local discovery to UDP discovery.
Since UDP discovery is the place where UDP feasibility is checked, it
makes sense to test for local connectivity as well. This was previously
done as part of PMTU discovery.
Etienne Dechamps [Mon, 29 Dec 2014 10:34:39 +0000 (10:34 +0000)]
Add UDP discovery mechanism.
This adds a new mechanism by which tinc can determine if a node is
reachable via UDP. The new mechanism is currently redundant with the
PMTU discovery mechanism - that will be fixed in a future commit.
Conceptually, the UDP discovery mechanism works similarly to PMTU
discovery: it sends UDP probes (of minmtu size, to make sure the tunnel
is fully usable), and assumes UDP is usable if it gets replies. It
assumes UDP is broken if too much time has passed since the last reply.
The big difference with the current PMTU discovery mechanism, however,
is that UDP discovery probes are only triggered as part of the
packet TX path (through try_tx()). This is quite interesting, because
it means tinc will never send UDP pings more often than normal packets,
and most importantly, it will automatically stop sending pings as soon
as packets stop flowing, thereby nicely reducing network chatter.
Of course, there are small drawbacks in some edge cases: for example,
if a node only sends one packet every minute to another node, these
packets will only be sent over TCP, because the interval between packets
is too long for tinc to maintain the UDP tunnel. I consider this a
feature, not a bug: I believe it is appropriate to use TCP in scenarios
where traffic is negligible, so that we don't pollute the network with
pings just to maintain a UDP tunnel that's seeing negligible usage.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 28 Dec 2014 17:29:03 +0000 (17:29 +0000)]
Move try_sptps() closer to try_tx().
This moves related functions together. try_tx() is at the right place
since its only caller is send_packet().
This is a pure cut-and-paste change. The reason it was not done in the
previous commit is because it would have made the diff harder to review.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 28 Dec 2014 17:16:27 +0000 (17:16 +0000)]
Add the try_tx() function.
Currently, the TX path (starting from send_packet()) in tinc has three
responsabilities:
- Making sure packets can be sent (e.g. fetching SPTPS keys);
- Making sure they can be sent optimally (e.g. fetching non-SPTPS keys
so that UDP can be used);
- Sending the actual packet, if feasible.
The first two are closely related; the third one, however, can be
cleanly separated from the other two - meaning, we can loosen code
coupling between sending packets and "optimizing" the way packets are
sent. This will become increasingly important as future commits will
move more tunnel establishment and maintenance code into the TX path,
so we will benefit from a cleaner separation of concerns.
This is especially relevant because of the dual nature of the TX path
(SPTPS versus non-SPTPS), which can make things really complicated when
trying to share low-level code between both.
In this commit, code related to establishing or improving tunnels is
moved away from the core TX path by introducing the "try_*()" family of
function, of which try_sptps() already existed before this commit.
This is a pure refactoring; this commit shouldn't introduce any change
in behavior.
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 12 Oct 2014 18:44:33 +0000 (19:44 +0100)]
Clarify the send_mtu_probe() function.
This cleans up the PMTU probing function a little bit. It moves the
low-level sending of packets to a separate function, so that the code
reads naturally instead of using a weird for loop with "special
indexes". In addition, comments are moved inside the body of the
function for additional context.
This shouldn't introduce any change of behavior, except for local
discovery which has some minor logic fixes and which now always uses
small packets (16 bytes) because there's no need for a full-length
probe just to try the local network.
Guus Sliepen [Wed, 31 Dec 2014 23:52:39 +0000 (00:52 +0100)]
Fixes for bugs in src/Makefile.am and tincctl.c introduced by
cfe9285adf391ab66faeb5def811fe08e47a221a.
Guus Sliepen [Tue, 30 Dec 2014 10:16:08 +0000 (11:16 +0100)]
Add missing nolegacy/crypto.c and prf.c.
Guus Sliepen [Mon, 29 Dec 2014 21:57:18 +0000 (22:57 +0100)]
Allow tinc to be compiled without OpenSSL.
The option "--disable-legacy-protocol" was added to the configure
script. The new protocol does not depend on any external crypto
libraries, so when the option is used tinc is no longer linked to
OpenSSL's libcrypto.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 27 Dec 2014 08:22:31 +0000 (09:22 +0100)]
Releasing 1.1pre11.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 27 Dec 2014 08:20:46 +0000 (09:20 +0100)]
Add BroadcastSubnet and DeviceStandby options to the manual and completion.
Guus Sliepen [Sat, 27 Dec 2014 08:08:34 +0000 (09:08 +0100)]
Better default paths for log and PID files on Windows.
Guus Sliepen [Fri, 26 Dec 2014 17:22:13 +0000 (18:22 +0100)]
Remove AES-GCM support.
Guus Sliepen [Fri, 26 Dec 2014 17:12:28 +0000 (18:12 +0100)]
Linux doesn't like .PHONY .o files.
In order to please every OS, make version.c .PHONY again, and add an
empty rule to make version.c.
Guus Sliepen [Fri, 26 Dec 2014 16:53:40 +0000 (17:53 +0100)]
We don't depend on ECDH functions from OpenSSL anymore.
Guus Sliepen [Fri, 26 Dec 2014 14:58:28 +0000 (15:58 +0100)]
BSD make doesn't like .PHONY .c files.
It then thinks there should be a rule to make the .c file, which does
not exist of course. Luckily, we can tell it that version.o is .PHONY,
and this will still cause the .o file to be regenerated and linked into
the binaries everytime make is called.
Guus Sliepen [Fri, 26 Dec 2014 14:40:09 +0000 (15:40 +0100)]
Check whether res_init() really lives in libresolv.
On some platforms (Mac OS X for example), the res_init() function requires
linking with libresolv. On others (Linux, OpenBSD for example), res_init()
lives in libc.
Guus Sliepen [Fri, 26 Dec 2014 13:59:15 +0000 (14:59 +0100)]
Update THANKS file.
Guus Sliepen [Fri, 26 Dec 2014 13:38:01 +0000 (14:38 +0100)]
Allow running tinc without RSA keys.
This allows one to run tinc with only
Ed25519 keys, forcing tinc to
always use the SPTPS protocol.
Guus Sliepen [Thu, 25 Dec 2014 17:13:24 +0000 (18:13 +0100)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'groxxda/gui-fixes' into 1.1
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 12 Oct 2014 11:14:46 +0000 (12:14 +0100)]
Use plain old PACKET for TCP packets sent directly to a neighbor.
Currently, when sending packets over TCP where the final recipient is
a node we have a direct metaconnection to, tinc first establishes a
SPTPS handshake between the two neighbors.
It turns out this SPTPS tunnel is not actually useful, because the
packet is only being sent over one metaconnection with no intermediate
nodes, and the metaconnection itself is already secured using a separate
SPTPS handshake.
Therefore it seems simpler and more efficient to simply send these
packets directly over the metaconnection itself without any additional
layer. This commits implements this solution without any changes to the
metaprotocol, since the appropriate message already exists: it's the
good old "plaintext" PACKET message.
This change brings two significant benefits:
- Packets to neighbors can be sent immediately - there is no initial
delay and packet loss previously caused by the SPTPS handshake;
- Performance of sending packets to neighbors over TCP is greatly
improved since the data only goes through one round of encryption
instead of two.
Conflicts:
src/net_packet.c
Etienne Dechamps [Sun, 12 Oct 2014 10:41:08 +0000 (11:41 +0100)]
Don't spontaneously start SPTPS with neighbors.
Currently, when tinc establishes a metaconnection, it automatically
starts a VPN SPTPS tunnel with the other side of the metaconnection.
It is not clear what this is trying to accomplish. Having a
metaconnection with a node does not necessarily mean we're going to send
packets to that node. This patch removes this behavior, thereby
simplifying code paths and removing unnecessary network chatter.
Naturally, this introduces a slight delay (as well as at least one
initial packet loss) between the moment a metaconnection is established
and the moment VPN packets can be exchanged between the two nodes.
However this is no different to the non-neighbor case, so it makes
things more consistent and therefore easier to reason about.
Guus Sliepen [Wed, 24 Dec 2014 21:23:24 +0000 (22:23 +0100)]
Add a variable offset to vpn_packet_t, drop sptps_packet_t.
The offset value indicates where the actual payload starts, so we can
process both legacy and SPTPS UDP packets without having to do casting
tricks and/or moving memory around.
Guus Sliepen [Wed, 24 Dec 2014 21:15:40 +0000 (22:15 +0100)]
Use void pointers for opaque data blobs in the SPTPS code.
Guus Sliepen [Wed, 24 Dec 2014 16:31:33 +0000 (17:31 +0100)]
Fix memory leaks found by Valgrind.
Guus Sliepen [Wed, 24 Dec 2014 16:06:05 +0000 (17:06 +0100)]
Don't use myself->name in device_disable(), it's already freed.
Guus Sliepen [Wed, 24 Dec 2014 15:59:08 +0000 (16:59 +0100)]
Don't pass uninitialized bytes to ioctl().
Guus Sliepen [Wed, 24 Dec 2014 15:54:12 +0000 (16:54 +0100)]
Avoid using OpenSSL's random number functions.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 14 Dec 2014 12:05:30 +0000 (13:05 +0100)]
Fix reception of SPTPS UDP packets.
Some bugs were introduced in
46fa12e666badb79e480c4b2399787551f8266d0.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 14 Dec 2014 11:42:03 +0000 (12:42 +0100)]
Fix segfault when receiving UDP packets with an unknown source address.
Guus Sliepen [Mon, 8 Dec 2014 07:43:15 +0000 (08:43 +0100)]
Changes that should have been in commit
46fa12e666badb79e480c4b2399787551f8266d0.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 7 Dec 2014 23:58:09 +0000 (00:58 +0100)]
Make UDP packet handling more efficient.
Limit the amount of address/ID lookups to the minimum in all cases:
1) Legacy packets, need an address lookup.
2) Indirect SPTPS packets, need an address lookup + two ID lookups.
3) Direct SPTPS packets, need an ID or an address lookup.
So we start with an address lookup. If the source is an 1.1 node, we know it's an SPTPS packet,
and then the check for direct packets is a simple check if dstid is zero. If not, do the srcid and dstid
lookup. If the source is an 1.0 node, we don't have to do anything else.
If the address is unknown, we first check whether it's from a 1.1 node by assuming it has a valid srcid
and verifying the packet. If not, use the old try_harder().
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 7 Dec 2014 23:44:38 +0000 (00:44 +0100)]
Avoid memmove() for legacy UDP packets.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 7 Dec 2014 21:11:37 +0000 (22:11 +0100)]
Cache node IDs in a hash table for faster lookups.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 7 Dec 2014 21:10:16 +0000 (22:10 +0100)]
Add an explicit hash_delete() function.
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 7 Dec 2014 20:42:20 +0000 (21:42 +0100)]
Better log messages when we already know the peer's key during an upgrade.
If the peer presents a different one from the one we already know, log
an error. Otherwise, log an informational message, and terminate in the
same way as we would if we didn't already have that key.
Sven-Haegar Koch [Fri, 5 Dec 2014 02:06:44 +0000 (03:06 +0100)]
Try handling the case when the first side knows the ecdsa key of
the second, but the second not the key of the first.
(And both have the experimental protocol enabled)
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 7 Dec 2014 16:25:30 +0000 (17:25 +0100)]
Log an error message with the node's name when receiving bad SPTPS packets.
The SPTPS code doesn't know about nodes, so when it logs an error about
a bad packet, it doesn't log which node it came from. So add a log
message with the node's name and hostname in receive_udppacket().
Guus Sliepen [Sun, 7 Dec 2014 16:20:18 +0000 (17:20 +0100)]
Check validity of
Ed25519 key during an upgrade.