X509 *X509_new(void);
void X509_free(X509 *a);
void X509_up_ref(X509 *a);
+ STACK_OF(X509) *X509_chain_up_ref(STACK_OF(X509) *x);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
X509_up_ref() increments the reference count of B<a>.
+X509_chain_up_ref() increases the reference count of all certificates in
+chain B<x> and returns a copy of the stack.
+
=head1 NOTES
The function X509_up_ref() if useful if a certificate structure is being
used by several different operations each of which will free it up after
use: this avoids the need to duplicate the entire certificate structure.
+The function X509_chain_up_ref() doesn't just up the reference count of
+each certificate it also returns a copy of the stack, using sk_X509_dup(),
+but it serves a similar purpose: the returned chain persists after the
+original has been freed.
+
=head1 RETURN VALUES
If the allocation fails, X509_new() returns B<NULL> and sets an error
X509_free() and X509_up_ref() do not return a value.
+X509_chain_up_ref() returns a copy of the stack or B<NULL> if an error
+occurred.
+
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<d2i_X509(3)>,