Add fuzzing!

Reviewed-by: Emilia Käsper <emilia@openssl.org>

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index a6f5bf743a67277f6db7c9c2904364fd56962a5e..06549caef7dd7720034add4b8529bd9e0b9ed315 100644 (file)
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -57,6 +57,14 @@ Makefile
 
 # Executables
 /apps/openssl
+/fuzz/asn1
+/fuzz/asn1parse
+/fuzz/bignum
+/fuzz/bndiv
+/fuzz/conf
+/fuzz/cms
+/fuzz/server
+/fuzz/x509
 /test/sha256t
 /test/sha512t
 /test/gost2814789t

diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index f2909ceae101e70440ac485b1ff847dcf3adc141..52d4f934bcd34064b06197eae6c6ecf67ec02ca7 100755 (executable)
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ my @dtls = qw(dtls1 dtls1_2);
 
 my @disablables = (
     "afalgeng",
+    "asan",
     "asm",
     "async",
     "autoalginit",
@@ -299,6 +300,7 @@ my @disablables = (
     "engine",
     "err",
     "filenames",
+    "fuzz",
     "gost",
     "heartbeats",
     "hw(-.+)?",
@@ -337,6 +339,7 @@ my @disablables = (
     "threads",
     "tls",
     "ts",
+    "ubsan",
     "ui",
     "unit-test",
     "whirlpool",
@@ -357,14 +360,17 @@ my @deprecated_disablables = (
 # All of the following is disabled by default (RC5 was enabled before 0.9.8):
 
 our %disabled = ( # "what"         => "comment"
+                  "asan"               => "default",
                  "ec_nistp_64_gcc_128" => "default",
                  "egd"                 => "default",
+                 "fuzz"                => "default",
                  "md2"                 => "default",
                  "rc5"                 => "default",
                  "sctp"                => "default",
                  "ssl-trace"           => "default",
                  "ssl3"                => "default",
                  "ssl3-method"         => "default",
+                  "ubsan"              => "default",
                  "unit-test"           => "default",
                  "weak-ssl-ciphers"    => "default",
                  "zlib"                => "default",
@@ -1029,6 +1035,24 @@ if ($disabled{"dynamic-engine"}) {
         $config{dynamic_engines} = 1;
 }
 
+unless ($disabled{fuzz}) {
+    push $config{dirs}, "fuzz";
+    $config{cflags} .= "-fsanitize-coverage=edge,indirect-calls ";
+}
+
+unless ($disabled{asan}) {
+    $config{cflags} .= "-fsanitize=address ";
+}
+
+unless ($disabled{ubsan}) {
+    # -DPEDANTIC or -fnosanitize=aligmnent may also be required on some
+    # platforms.
+    $config{cflags} .= "-fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all ";
+}
+
+unless ($disabled{fuzz} && $disabled{asan} && $disabled{ubsan}) {
+    $config{cflags} .= "-fno-omit-frame-pointer -g ";
+}
 #
 # Platform fix-ups
 #

diff --git a/fuzz/README.md b/fuzz/README.md
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..948590d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# I Can Haz Fuzz?
+
+Or, how to fuzz OpenSSL with libfuzzer.
+
+Starting from a vanilla+OpenSSH server Ubuntu install.
+
+Use Chrome's handy recent build of clang. Older versions may also work.
+
+    $ sudo apt-get install git
+    $ mkdir git-work
+    $ git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/tools/clang
+    $ clang/scripts/update.py
+
+You may want to git pull and re-run the update from time to time.
+
+Update your path:
+
+    $ PATH=~/third_party/llvm-build/Release+Asserts/bin/:$PATH
+
+Get and build libFuzzer (there is a git mirror at
+https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm/tree/master/lib/Fuzzer if you prefer):
+
+    $ cd
+    $ sudo apt-get install subversion
+    $ mkdir svn-work
+    $ cd svn-work
+    $ svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk/lib/Fuzzer
+    $ cd Fuzzer
+    $ clang++ -c -g -O2 -std=c++11 *.cpp
+    $ ar r libFuzzer.a *.o
+    $ ranlib libFuzzer.a
+
+Configure for fuzzing:
+
+    $ CC=clang ./config enable-fuzz enable-asan enable-ubsan no-shared
+    $ sudo apt-get install make
+    $ LDCMD=clang++ make -j
+    $ fuzz/helper.py <fuzzer> <arguments>
+
+Where `<fuzzer>` is one of the executables in `fuzz/`. Most fuzzers do not
+need any command line arguments, but, for example, `asn1` needs the name of a
+data type.
+
+If you get a crash, you should find a corresponding input file in
+`fuzz/corpora/<fuzzer>-crash/`. You can reproduce the crash with
+
+    $ fuzz/<fuzzer> <crashfile>

diff --git a/fuzz/asn1.c b/fuzz/asn1.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..fc129a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/asn1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Fuzz ASN.1 parsing for various data structures. Specify which on the
+ * command line:
+ *
+ * asn1 <data structure>
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <openssl/asn1.h>
+#include <openssl/asn1t.h>
+#include <openssl/ec.h>
+#include <openssl/ocsp.h>
+#include <openssl/pkcs12.h>
+#include <openssl/ts.h>
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#include "fuzzer.h"
+
+static const ASN1_ITEM *item_type;
+
+int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int *argc, char ***argv) {
+    const char *cmd;
+    OPENSSL_assert(*argc > 1);
+
+    cmd = (*argv)[1];
+    (*argv)[1] = (*argv)[0];
+    ++*argv;
+    --*argc;
+
+    // TODO: make this work like d2i_test.c does, once its decided what the
+    // common scheme is!
+#define Y(t)  if (!strcmp(cmd, #t)) item_type = ASN1_ITEM_rptr(t)
+#define X(t)  else Y(t)
+
+    Y(ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+    X(AUTHORITY_INFO_ACCESS);
+    X(BIGNUM);
+    X(ECPARAMETERS);
+    X(ECPKPARAMETERS);
+    X(GENERAL_NAME);
+    X(GENERAL_SUBTREE);
+    X(NAME_CONSTRAINTS);
+    X(OCSP_BASICRESP);
+    X(OCSP_RESPONSE);
+    X(PKCS12);
+    X(PKCS12_AUTHSAFES);
+    X(PKCS12_SAFEBAGS);
+    X(PKCS7);
+    X(PKCS7_ATTR_SIGN);
+    X(PKCS7_ATTR_VERIFY);
+    X(PKCS7_DIGEST);
+    X(PKCS7_ENC_CONTENT);
+    X(PKCS7_ENCRYPT);
+    X(PKCS7_ENVELOPE);
+    X(PKCS7_RECIP_INFO);
+    X(PKCS7_SIGN_ENVELOPE);
+    X(PKCS7_SIGNED);
+    X(PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO);
+    X(POLICY_CONSTRAINTS);
+    X(POLICY_MAPPINGS);
+    X(SXNET);
+    //X(TS_RESP);  want to do this, but type is hidden, however d2i exists...
+    X(X509);
+    X(X509_CRL);
+    else
+        OPENSSL_assert(!"Bad type");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+    const uint8_t *b = buf;
+    ASN1_VALUE *o = ASN1_item_d2i(NULL, &b, len, item_type);
+    ASN1_item_free(o, item_type);
+    return 0;
+}

diff --git a/fuzz/asn1parse.c b/fuzz/asn1parse.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..63104fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/asn1parse.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Fuzz the parser used for dumping ASN.1 using "openssl asn1parse".
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <openssl/asn1.h>
+#include <openssl/x509.h>
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#include "fuzzer.h"
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+    static BIO *bio_out;
+
+    if (bio_out == NULL)
+        bio_out = BIO_new_file("/dev/null", "w");
+
+    (void)ASN1_parse_dump(bio_out, buf, len, 0, 0);
+    return 0;
+}

diff --git a/fuzz/bignum.c b/fuzz/bignum.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..28a439e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/bignum.c
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Confirm that a^b mod c agrees when calculated cleverly vs naively, for
+ * random a, b and c.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <openssl/bn.h>
+#include "fuzzer.h"
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+    int success = 0;
+    static BN_CTX *ctx;
+    static BN_MONT_CTX *mont;
+    static BIGNUM *b1;
+    static BIGNUM *b2;
+    static BIGNUM *b3;
+    static BIGNUM *b4;
+    static BIGNUM *b5;
+
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        b1 = BN_new();
+        b2 = BN_new();
+        b3 = BN_new();
+        b4 = BN_new();
+        b5 = BN_new();
+        ctx = BN_CTX_new();
+        mont = BN_MONT_CTX_new();
+    }
+    // Divide the input into three parts, using the values of the first two
+    // bytes to choose lengths, which generate b1, b2 and b3. Use three bits
+    // of the third byte to choose signs for the three numbers.
+    size_t l1 = 0, l2 = 0, l3 = 0;
+    int s1 = 0, s2 = 0, s3 = 0;
+    if (len > 2) {
+        len -= 3;
+        l1 = (buf[0] * len) / 255;
+        ++buf;
+        l2 = (buf[0] * (len - l1)) / 255;
+        ++buf;
+        l3 = len - l1 - l2;
+
+        s1 = buf[0] & 1;
+        s2 = buf[0] & 2;
+        s3 = buf[0] & 4;
+        ++buf;
+    }
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_bin2bn(buf, l1, b1) == b1);
+    BN_set_negative(b1, s1);
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_bin2bn(buf + l1, l2, b2) == b2);
+    BN_set_negative(b2, s2);
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_bin2bn(buf + l1 + l2, l3, b3) == b3);
+    BN_set_negative(b3, s3);
+
+    // mod 0 is undefined
+    if (BN_is_zero(b3)) {
+        success = 1;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_mod_exp(b4, b1, b2, b3, ctx));
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_mod_exp_simple(b5, b1, b2, b3, ctx));
+
+    success = BN_cmp(b4, b5) == 0;
+    if (!success) {
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b1);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b2);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b3);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b4);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b5);
+        putchar('\n');
+    }
+
+ done:
+    OPENSSL_assert(success);
+
+    return 0;
+}

diff --git a/fuzz/bndiv.c b/fuzz/bndiv.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c897de9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/bndiv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Confirm that if (d, r) = a / b, then b * d + r == a, and that sign(d) ==
+ * sign(a), and 0 <= r <= b
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <openssl/bn.h>
+#include "fuzzer.h"
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+    int success = 0;
+    static BN_CTX *ctx;
+    static BIGNUM *b1;
+    static BIGNUM *b2;
+    static BIGNUM *b3;
+    static BIGNUM *b4;
+    static BIGNUM *b5;
+
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        b1 = BN_new();
+        b2 = BN_new();
+        b3 = BN_new();
+        b4 = BN_new();
+        b5 = BN_new();
+        ctx = BN_CTX_new();
+    }
+    // We are going to split the buffer in two, sizes l1 and l2, giving b1 and
+    // b2.
+    size_t l1 = 0, l2 = 0;
+    // s1 and s2 will be the signs for b1 and b2.
+    int s1 = 0, s2 = 0;
+    if (len > 0) {
+        --len;
+        // Use first byte to divide the remaining buffer into 3Fths. I admit
+        // this disallows some number sizes. If it matters, better ideas are
+        // welcome (Ben).
+        l1 = ((buf[0] & 0x3f) * len) / 0x3f;
+        s1 = buf[0] & 0x40;
+        s2 = buf[0] & 0x80;
+        ++buf;
+        l2 = len - l1;
+    }
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_bin2bn(buf, l1, b1) == b1);
+    BN_set_negative(b1, s1);
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_bin2bn(buf + l1, l2, b2) == b2);
+    BN_set_negative(b2, s2);
+
+    // divide by 0 is an error
+    if (BN_is_zero(b2)) {
+        success = 1;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_div(b3, b4, b1, b2, ctx));
+    if (BN_is_zero(b1))
+        success = BN_is_zero(b3) && BN_is_zero(b4);
+    else if (BN_is_negative(b1))
+        success = (BN_is_negative(b3) != BN_is_negative(b2) || BN_is_zero(b3))
+            && (BN_is_negative(b4) || BN_is_zero(b4));
+    else
+        success = (BN_is_negative(b3) == BN_is_negative(b2)  || BN_is_zero(b3))
+            && (!BN_is_negative(b4) || BN_is_zero(b4));
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_mul(b5, b3, b2, ctx));
+    OPENSSL_assert(BN_add(b5, b5, b4));
+
+    success = success && BN_cmp(b5, b1) == 0;
+    if (!success) {
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b1);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b2);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b3);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b4);
+        putchar('\n');
+        BN_print_fp(stdout, b5);
+        putchar('\n');
+        printf("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", BN_is_negative(b1),
+               BN_is_negative(b2),
+               BN_is_negative(b3), BN_is_negative(b4), BN_is_zero(b4),
+               BN_is_negative(b3) != BN_is_negative(b2)
+               && (BN_is_negative(b4) || BN_is_zero(b4)),
+               BN_cmp(b5, b1));
+        puts("----\n");
+    }
+
+ done:
+    OPENSSL_assert(success);
+
+    return 0;
+}

diff --git a/fuzz/build.info b/fuzz/build.info
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..29d14b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/build.info
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+PROGRAMS=server asn1 asn1parse cms conf bignum bndiv
+
+SOURCE[server]=server.c
+INCLUDE[server]=../include ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer
+DEPEND[server]=../libcrypto ../libssl ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer/libFuzzer
+
+SOURCE[asn1]=asn1.c
+INCLUDE[asn1]=../include ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer
+DEPEND[asn1]=../libcrypto ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer/libFuzzer
+
+SOURCE[asn1parse]=asn1parse.c
+INCLUDE[asn1parse]=../include ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer
+DEPEND[asn1parse]=../libcrypto ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer/libFuzzer
+
+SOURCE[cms]=cms.c
+INCLUDE[cms]=../include ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer
+DEPEND[cms]=../libcrypto ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer/libFuzzer
+
+SOURCE[conf]=conf.c
+INCLUDE[conf]=../include ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer
+DEPEND[conf]=../libcrypto ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer/libFuzzer
+
+SOURCE[bignum]=bignum.c
+INCLUDE[bignum]=../include ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer
+DEPEND[bignum]=../libcrypto ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer/libFuzzer
+
+SOURCE[bndiv]=bndiv.c
+INCLUDE[bndiv]=../include ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer
+DEPEND[bndiv]=../libcrypto ../../../svn-work/Fuzzer/libFuzzer

diff --git a/fuzz/cms.c b/fuzz/cms.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..7b4fc3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/cms.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Test CMS DER parsing.
+ */
+
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+#include <openssl/cms.h>
+#include "fuzzer.h"
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+    BIO *in = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+    OPENSSL_assert((size_t)BIO_write(in, buf, len) == len);
+    CMS_ContentInfo *i = d2i_CMS_bio(in, NULL);
+    CMS_ContentInfo_free(i);
+    BIO_free(in);
+    return 0;
+}

diff --git a/fuzz/conf.c b/fuzz/conf.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..3e3f7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/conf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Test configuration parsing.
+ */
+
+#include <openssl/conf.h>
+#include "fuzzer.h"
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+    CONF *conf = NCONF_new(NULL);
+    BIO *in = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+    long eline;
+
+    OPENSSL_assert((size_t)BIO_write(in, buf, len) == len);
+    NCONF_load_bio(conf, in, &eline);
+    //NCONF_dump_fp(conf, stdout);
+    NCONF_free(conf);
+    BIO_free(in);
+
+    return 0;
+}

diff --git a/fuzz/fuzzer.h b/fuzz/fuzzer.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b3c3428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/fuzzer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
+int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int *argc, char ***argv);

diff --git a/fuzz/helper.py b/fuzz/helper.py
new file mode 100755 (executable)
index 0000000..75a9e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/helper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+"""Fuzzing helper, creates and uses corpus/crash directories.
+
+fuzzer.py <fuzzer> <extra fuzzer arguments>
+"""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+FUZZER = sys.argv[1]
+
+THIS_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+CORPORA_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(THIS_DIR, "corpora"))
+
+FUZZER_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(CORPORA_DIR, FUZZER))
+if not os.path.isdir(FUZZER_DIR):
+    os.mkdir(FUZZER_DIR)
+
+corpora = []
+
+def _create(d):
+    dd = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(CORPORA_DIR, d))
+    if not os.path.isdir(dd):
+        os.mkdir(dd)
+    corpora.append(dd)
+
+def _add(d):
+    dd = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(CORPORA_DIR, d))
+    if os.path.isdir(dd):
+        corpora.append(dd)
+
+def main():
+    _create(FUZZER)
+    _create(FUZZER + "-crash")
+    _add(FUZZER + "-seed")
+
+    cmd = ([os.path.abspath(os.path.join(THIS_DIR, FUZZER))]  + sys.argv[2:]
+           + ["-artifact_prefix=" + corpora[1] + "/"] + corpora)
+    print " ".join(cmd)
+    subprocess.call(cmd)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

diff --git a/fuzz/server.c b/fuzz/server.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d3ed1ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/server.c
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL licenses, (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+ * or in the file LICENSE in the source distribution.
+ */
+
+// Shamelessly copied from BoringSSL and converted to C.
+
+// Test first part of SSL server handshake.
+
+
+#include <openssl/rand.h>
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#include "fuzzer.h"
+
+static const uint8_t kCertificateDER[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0xff, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0xe7, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+    0x02, 0x02, 0x11, 0x00, 0xb1, 0x84, 0xee, 0x34, 0x99, 0x98, 0x76, 0xfb,
+    0x6f, 0xb2, 0x15, 0xc8, 0x47, 0x79, 0x05, 0x9b, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09,
+    0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x30,
+    0x12, 0x31, 0x10, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x07,
+    0x41, 0x63, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x31,
+    0x35, 0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x37, 0x30, 0x30, 0x32, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x5a,
+    0x17, 0x0d, 0x31, 0x36, 0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x36, 0x30, 0x30, 0x32, 0x34,
+    0x35, 0x36, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x12, 0x31, 0x10, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
+    0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x07, 0x41, 0x63, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x30,
+    0x82, 0x01, 0x22, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7,
+    0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x30,
+    0x82, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xce, 0x47, 0xcb, 0x11,
+    0xbb, 0xd2, 0x9d, 0x8e, 0x9e, 0xd2, 0x1e, 0x14, 0xaf, 0xc7, 0xea, 0xb6,
+    0xc9, 0x38, 0x2a, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0x7e, 0xfb, 0xbc, 0xfc, 0x59, 0x42, 0xb9,
+    0x56, 0xf0, 0x4c, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0x31, 0x84, 0xbe, 0xac, 0x03, 0x9e, 0x71,
+    0x91, 0x85, 0xd8, 0x32, 0xbd, 0x00, 0xea, 0xac, 0x65, 0xf6, 0x03, 0xc8,
+    0x0f, 0x8b, 0xfd, 0x6e, 0x58, 0x88, 0x04, 0x41, 0x92, 0x74, 0xa6, 0x57,
+    0x2e, 0x8e, 0x88, 0xd5, 0x3d, 0xda, 0x14, 0x3e, 0x63, 0x88, 0x22, 0xe3,
+    0x53, 0xe9, 0xba, 0x39, 0x09, 0xac, 0xfb, 0xd0, 0x4c, 0xf2, 0x3c, 0x20,
+    0xd6, 0x97, 0xe6, 0xed, 0xf1, 0x62, 0x1e, 0xe5, 0xc9, 0x48, 0xa0, 0xca,
+    0x2e, 0x3c, 0x14, 0x5a, 0x82, 0xd4, 0xed, 0xb1, 0xe3, 0x43, 0xc1, 0x2a,
+    0x59, 0xa5, 0xb9, 0xc8, 0x48, 0xa7, 0x39, 0x23, 0x74, 0xa7, 0x37, 0xb0,
+    0x6f, 0xc3, 0x64, 0x99, 0x6c, 0xa2, 0x82, 0xc8, 0xf6, 0xdb, 0x86, 0x40,
+    0xce, 0xd1, 0x85, 0x9f, 0xce, 0x69, 0xf4, 0x15, 0x2a, 0x23, 0xca, 0xea,
+    0xb7, 0x7b, 0xdf, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x5f, 0xff, 0x7a, 0x49, 0x49, 0x0e, 0xe7,
+    0x02, 0x51, 0x45, 0x13, 0xe8, 0x90, 0x64, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x26, 0x2b, 0x5d,
+    0xfc, 0xe4, 0xb5, 0x86, 0x89, 0x43, 0x22, 0x4c, 0xf3, 0x3b, 0xf3, 0x09,
+    0xc4, 0xa4, 0x10, 0x80, 0xf2, 0x46, 0xe2, 0x46, 0x8f, 0x76, 0x50, 0xbf,
+    0xaf, 0x2b, 0x90, 0x1b, 0x78, 0xc7, 0xcf, 0xc1, 0x77, 0xd0, 0xfb, 0xa9,
+    0xfb, 0xc9, 0x66, 0x5a, 0xc5, 0x9b, 0x31, 0x41, 0x67, 0x01, 0xbe, 0x33,
+    0x10, 0xba, 0x05, 0x58, 0xed, 0x76, 0x53, 0xde, 0x5d, 0xc1, 0xe8, 0xbb,
+    0x9f, 0xf1, 0xcd, 0xfb, 0xdf, 0x64, 0x7f, 0xd7, 0x18, 0xab, 0x0f, 0x94,
+    0x28, 0x95, 0x4a, 0xcc, 0x6a, 0xa9, 0x50, 0xc7, 0x05, 0x47, 0x10, 0x41,
+    0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0xa3, 0x50, 0x30, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06,
+    0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x05,
+    0xa0, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x25, 0x04, 0x0c, 0x30, 0x0a,
+    0x06, 0x08, 0x2b, 0x06, 0x01, 0x05, 0x05, 0x07, 0x03, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0c,
+    0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00,
+    0x30, 0x19, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x11, 0x04, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x82,
+    0x0e, 0x66, 0x75, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0x2e, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67,
+    0x73, 0x73, 0x6c, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7,
+    0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x92,
+    0xde, 0xef, 0x96, 0x06, 0x7b, 0xff, 0x71, 0x7d, 0x4e, 0xa0, 0x7d, 0xae,
+    0xb8, 0x22, 0xb4, 0x2c, 0xf7, 0x96, 0x9c, 0x37, 0x1d, 0x8f, 0xe7, 0xd9,
+    0x47, 0xff, 0x3f, 0xe9, 0x35, 0x95, 0x0e, 0xdd, 0xdc, 0x7f, 0xc8, 0x8a,
+    0x1e, 0x36, 0x1d, 0x38, 0x47, 0xfc, 0x76, 0xd2, 0x1f, 0x98, 0xa1, 0x36,
+    0xac, 0xc8, 0x70, 0x38, 0x0a, 0x3d, 0x51, 0x8d, 0x0f, 0x03, 0x1b, 0xef,
+    0x62, 0xa1, 0xcb, 0x2b, 0x4a, 0x8c, 0x12, 0x2b, 0x54, 0x50, 0x9a, 0x6b,
+    0xfe, 0xaf, 0xd9, 0xf6, 0xbf, 0x58, 0x11, 0x58, 0x5e, 0xe5, 0x86, 0x1e,
+    0x3b, 0x6b, 0x30, 0x7e, 0x72, 0x89, 0xe8, 0x6b, 0x7b, 0xb7, 0xaf, 0xef,
+    0x8b, 0xa9, 0x3e, 0xb0, 0xcd, 0x0b, 0xef, 0xb0, 0x0c, 0x96, 0x2b, 0xc5,
+    0x3b, 0xd5, 0xf1, 0xc2, 0xae, 0x3a, 0x60, 0xd9, 0x0f, 0x75, 0x37, 0x55,
+    0x4d, 0x62, 0xd2, 0xed, 0x96, 0xac, 0x30, 0x6b, 0xda, 0xa1, 0x48, 0x17,
+    0x96, 0x23, 0x85, 0x9a, 0x57, 0x77, 0xe9, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x37, 0x03, 0xba,
+    0x49, 0x77, 0x40, 0x3b, 0x76, 0x4b, 0xda, 0xc1, 0x04, 0x57, 0x55, 0x34,
+    0x22, 0x83, 0x45, 0x29, 0xab, 0x2e, 0x11, 0xff, 0x0d, 0xab, 0x55, 0xb1,
+    0xa7, 0x58, 0x59, 0x05, 0x25, 0xf9, 0x1e, 0x3d, 0xb7, 0xac, 0x04, 0x39,
+    0x2c, 0xf9, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x68, 0xfb, 0x8e, 0x35, 0x71, 0x32, 0xff, 0x70,
+    0xe9, 0x46, 0x6d, 0x5c, 0x06, 0x90, 0x88, 0x23, 0x48, 0x0c, 0x50, 0xeb,
+    0x0a, 0xa9, 0xae, 0xe8, 0xfc, 0xbe, 0xa5, 0x76, 0x94, 0xd7, 0x64, 0x22,
+    0x38, 0x98, 0x17, 0xa4, 0x3a, 0xa7, 0x59, 0x9f, 0x1d, 0x3b, 0x75, 0x90,
+    0x1a, 0x81, 0xef, 0x19, 0xfb, 0x2b, 0xb7, 0xa7, 0x64, 0x61, 0x22, 0xa4,
+    0x6f, 0x7b, 0xfa, 0x58, 0xbb, 0x8c, 0x4e, 0x77, 0x67, 0xd0, 0x5d, 0x58,
+    0x76, 0x8a, 0xbb,
+};
+
+static const uint8_t kRSAPrivateKeyDER[] = {
+    0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xa5, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0xce, 0x47, 0xcb, 0x11, 0xbb, 0xd2, 0x9d, 0x8e, 0x9e, 0xd2, 0x1e, 0x14,
+    0xaf, 0xc7, 0xea, 0xb6, 0xc9, 0x38, 0x2a, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0x7e, 0xfb, 0xbc,
+    0xfc, 0x59, 0x42, 0xb9, 0x56, 0xf0, 0x4c, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0x31, 0x84, 0xbe,
+    0xac, 0x03, 0x9e, 0x71, 0x91, 0x85, 0xd8, 0x32, 0xbd, 0x00, 0xea, 0xac,
+    0x65, 0xf6, 0x03, 0xc8, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0xfd, 0x6e, 0x58, 0x88, 0x04, 0x41,
+    0x92, 0x74, 0xa6, 0x57, 0x2e, 0x8e, 0x88, 0xd5, 0x3d, 0xda, 0x14, 0x3e,
+    0x63, 0x88, 0x22, 0xe3, 0x53, 0xe9, 0xba, 0x39, 0x09, 0xac, 0xfb, 0xd0,
+    0x4c, 0xf2, 0x3c, 0x20, 0xd6, 0x97, 0xe6, 0xed, 0xf1, 0x62, 0x1e, 0xe5,
+    0xc9, 0x48, 0xa0, 0xca, 0x2e, 0x3c, 0x14, 0x5a, 0x82, 0xd4, 0xed, 0xb1,
+    0xe3, 0x43, 0xc1, 0x2a, 0x59, 0xa5, 0xb9, 0xc8, 0x48, 0xa7, 0x39, 0x23,
+    0x74, 0xa7, 0x37, 0xb0, 0x6f, 0xc3, 0x64, 0x99, 0x6c, 0xa2, 0x82, 0xc8,
+    0xf6, 0xdb, 0x86, 0x40, 0xce, 0xd1, 0x85, 0x9f, 0xce, 0x69, 0xf4, 0x15,
+    0x2a, 0x23, 0xca, 0xea, 0xb7, 0x7b, 0xdf, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x5f, 0xff, 0x7a,
+    0x49, 0x49, 0x0e, 0xe7, 0x02, 0x51, 0x45, 0x13, 0xe8, 0x90, 0x64, 0x21,
+    0x0c, 0x26, 0x2b, 0x5d, 0xfc, 0xe4, 0xb5, 0x86, 0x89, 0x43, 0x22, 0x4c,
+    0xf3, 0x3b, 0xf3, 0x09, 0xc4, 0xa4, 0x10, 0x80, 0xf2, 0x46, 0xe2, 0x46,
+    0x8f, 0x76, 0x50, 0xbf, 0xaf, 0x2b, 0x90, 0x1b, 0x78, 0xc7, 0xcf, 0xc1,
+    0x77, 0xd0, 0xfb, 0xa9, 0xfb, 0xc9, 0x66, 0x5a, 0xc5, 0x9b, 0x31, 0x41,
+    0x67, 0x01, 0xbe, 0x33, 0x10, 0xba, 0x05, 0x58, 0xed, 0x76, 0x53, 0xde,
+    0x5d, 0xc1, 0xe8, 0xbb, 0x9f, 0xf1, 0xcd, 0xfb, 0xdf, 0x64, 0x7f, 0xd7,
+    0x18, 0xab, 0x0f, 0x94, 0x28, 0x95, 0x4a, 0xcc, 0x6a, 0xa9, 0x50, 0xc7,
+    0x05, 0x47, 0x10, 0x41, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01,
+    0x01, 0x00, 0xa8, 0x47, 0xb9, 0x4a, 0x06, 0x47, 0x93, 0x71, 0x3d, 0xef,
+    0x7b, 0xca, 0xb4, 0x7c, 0x0a, 0xe6, 0x82, 0xd0, 0xe7, 0x0d, 0xa9, 0x08,
+    0xf6, 0xa4, 0xfd, 0xd8, 0x73, 0xae, 0x6f, 0x56, 0x29, 0x5e, 0x25, 0x72,
+    0xa8, 0x30, 0x44, 0x73, 0xcf, 0x56, 0x26, 0xb9, 0x61, 0xde, 0x42, 0x81,
+    0xf4, 0xf0, 0x1f, 0x5d, 0xcb, 0x47, 0xf2, 0x26, 0xe9, 0xe0, 0x93, 0x28,
+    0xa3, 0x10, 0x3b, 0x42, 0x1e, 0x51, 0x11, 0x12, 0x06, 0x5e, 0xaf, 0xce,
+    0xb0, 0xa5, 0x14, 0xdd, 0x82, 0x58, 0xa1, 0xa4, 0x12, 0xdf, 0x65, 0x1d,
+    0x51, 0x70, 0x64, 0xd5, 0x58, 0x68, 0x11, 0xa8, 0x6a, 0x23, 0xc2, 0xbf,
+    0xa1, 0x25, 0x24, 0x47, 0xb3, 0xa4, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x96, 0xb7, 0x1f, 0xf4,
+    0x44, 0xd4, 0xd1, 0xe9, 0xfc, 0x33, 0x68, 0x5e, 0xe2, 0x68, 0x99, 0x9c,
+    0x91, 0xe8, 0x72, 0xc9, 0xd7, 0x8c, 0x80, 0x20, 0x8e, 0x77, 0x83, 0x4d,
+    0xe4, 0xab, 0xf9, 0x74, 0xa1, 0xdf, 0xd3, 0xc0, 0x0d, 0x5b, 0x05, 0x51,
+    0xc2, 0x6f, 0xb2, 0x91, 0x02, 0xec, 0xc0, 0x02, 0x1a, 0x5c, 0x91, 0x05,
+    0xf1, 0xe3, 0xfa, 0x65, 0xc2, 0xad, 0x24, 0xe6, 0xe5, 0x3c, 0xb6, 0x16,
+    0xf1, 0xa1, 0x67, 0x1a, 0x9d, 0x37, 0x56, 0xbf, 0x01, 0xd7, 0x3b, 0x35,
+    0x30, 0x57, 0x73, 0xf4, 0xf0, 0x5e, 0xa7, 0xe8, 0x0a, 0xc1, 0x94, 0x17,
+    0xcf, 0x0a, 0xbd, 0xf5, 0x31, 0xa7, 0x2d, 0xf7, 0xf5, 0xd9, 0x8c, 0xc2,
+    0x01, 0xbd, 0xda, 0x16, 0x8e, 0xb9, 0x30, 0x40, 0xa6, 0x6e, 0xbd, 0xcd,
+    0x4d, 0x84, 0x67, 0x4e, 0x0b, 0xce, 0xd5, 0xef, 0xf8, 0x08, 0x63, 0x02,
+    0xc6, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0x67, 0x92, 0xe2, 0x23, 0x9d, 0x27, 0x22, 0x1d, 0xc6,
+    0x67, 0x5e, 0x66, 0xbf, 0x03, 0xb8, 0xa9, 0x67, 0xd4, 0x39, 0xd8, 0x75,
+    0xfa, 0xe8, 0xed, 0x56, 0xb8, 0x81, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xf7, 0x46,
+    0x68, 0xc6, 0x13, 0xf8, 0xba, 0x0f, 0x83, 0xdb, 0x05, 0xa8, 0x25, 0x00,
+    0x70, 0x9c, 0x9e, 0x8b, 0x12, 0x34, 0x0d, 0x96, 0xcf, 0x0d, 0x98, 0x9b,
+    0x8d, 0x9c, 0x96, 0x78, 0xd1, 0x3c, 0x01, 0x8c, 0xb9, 0x35, 0x5c, 0x20,
+    0x42, 0xb4, 0x38, 0xe3, 0xd6, 0x54, 0xe7, 0x55, 0xd6, 0x26, 0x8a, 0x0c,
+    0xf6, 0x1f, 0xe0, 0x04, 0xc1, 0x22, 0x42, 0x19, 0x61, 0xc4, 0x94, 0x7c,
+    0x07, 0x2e, 0x80, 0x52, 0xfe, 0x8d, 0xe6, 0x92, 0x3a, 0x91, 0xfe, 0x72,
+    0x99, 0xe1, 0x2a, 0x73, 0x76, 0xb1, 0x24, 0x20, 0x67, 0xde, 0x28, 0xcb,
+    0x0e, 0xe6, 0x52, 0xb5, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0x8b, 0x1e, 0x6a, 0x1d, 0x09, 0x26,
+    0xb9, 0xa7, 0x61, 0xba, 0xf8, 0x79, 0xd2, 0x66, 0x57, 0x28, 0xd7, 0x31,
+    0xb5, 0x0b, 0x27, 0x19, 0x1e, 0x6f, 0x46, 0xfc, 0x54, 0x95, 0xeb, 0x78,
+    0x01, 0xb6, 0xd9, 0x79, 0x5a, 0x4d, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0xd5, 0x8f,
+    0x16, 0x53, 0x2f, 0x57, 0x93, 0xbf, 0x09, 0x75, 0xbf, 0x63, 0x40, 0x3d,
+    0x27, 0xfd, 0x23, 0x21, 0xde, 0x9b, 0xe9, 0x73, 0x3f, 0x49, 0x02, 0xd2,
+    0x38, 0x96, 0xcf, 0xc3, 0xba, 0x92, 0x07, 0x87, 0x52, 0xa9, 0x35, 0xe3,
+    0x0c, 0xe4, 0x2f, 0x05, 0x7b, 0x37, 0xa5, 0x40, 0x9c, 0x3b, 0x94, 0xf7,
+    0xad, 0xa0, 0xee, 0x3a, 0xa8, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x11, 0x1f, 0xd8, 0x9a, 0x80,
+    0x42, 0x3d, 0x7f, 0xa4, 0xb8, 0x9a, 0xaa, 0xea, 0x72, 0xc1, 0xe3, 0xed,
+    0x06, 0x60, 0x92, 0x37, 0xf9, 0xba, 0xfb, 0x9e, 0xed, 0x05, 0xa6, 0xd4,
+    0x72, 0x68, 0x4f, 0x63, 0xfe, 0xd6, 0x10, 0x0d, 0x4f, 0x0a, 0x93, 0xc6,
+    0xb9, 0xd7, 0xaf, 0xfd, 0xd9, 0x57, 0x7d, 0xcb, 0x75, 0xe8, 0x93, 0x2b,
+    0xae, 0x4f, 0xea, 0xd7, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x58, 0x44, 0x82, 0x0f, 0x84, 0x5d,
+    0x62, 0x11, 0x78, 0xea, 0x5f, 0xc5, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x82, 0x0c,
+    0xc1, 0xe6, 0x0b, 0x72, 0xf1, 0x48, 0x5f, 0xac, 0xbd, 0x98, 0xe5, 0x7d,
+    0x09, 0xbd, 0x15, 0x95, 0x47, 0x09, 0xa1, 0x6c, 0x03, 0x91, 0xbf, 0x05,
+    0x70, 0xc1, 0x3e, 0x52, 0x64, 0x99, 0x0e, 0xa7, 0x98, 0x70, 0xfb, 0xf6,
+    0xeb, 0x9e, 0x25, 0x9d, 0x8e, 0x88, 0x30, 0xf2, 0xf0, 0x22, 0x6c, 0xd0,
+    0xcc, 0x51, 0x8f, 0x5c, 0x70, 0xc7, 0x37, 0xc4, 0x69, 0xab, 0x1d, 0xfc,
+    0xed, 0x3a, 0x03, 0xbb, 0xa2, 0xad, 0xb6, 0xea, 0x89, 0x6b, 0x67, 0x4b,
+    0x96, 0xaa, 0xd9, 0xcc, 0xc8, 0x4b, 0xfa, 0x18, 0x21, 0x08, 0xb2, 0xa3,
+    0xb9, 0x3e, 0x61, 0x99, 0xdc, 0x5a, 0x97, 0x9c, 0x73, 0x6a, 0xb9, 0xf9,
+    0x68, 0x03, 0x24, 0x5f, 0x55, 0x77, 0x9c, 0xb4, 0xbe, 0x7a, 0x78, 0x53,
+    0x68, 0x48, 0x69, 0x53, 0xc8, 0xb1, 0xf5, 0xbf, 0x98, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x1e,
+    0x98, 0xa8, 0x36, 0x50, 0xa0, 0xb1, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x90, 0x88,
+    0x30, 0x71, 0xc7, 0xfe, 0x9b, 0x6d, 0x95, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x79, 0xfc, 0x85,
+    0xe7, 0x44, 0x78, 0xbc, 0x79, 0x6e, 0x47, 0x86, 0xc9, 0xf3, 0xdd, 0xc6,
+    0xec, 0xa9, 0x94, 0x9f, 0x40, 0xeb, 0x87, 0xd0, 0xdb, 0xee, 0xcd, 0x1b,
+    0x87, 0x23, 0xff, 0x76, 0xd4, 0x37, 0x8a, 0xcd, 0xb9, 0x6e, 0xd1, 0x98,
+    0xf6, 0x97, 0x8d, 0xe3, 0x81, 0x6d, 0xc3, 0x4e, 0xd1, 0xa0, 0xc4, 0x9f,
+    0xbd, 0x34, 0xe5, 0xe8, 0x53, 0x4f, 0xca, 0x10, 0xb5, 0xed, 0xe7, 0x16,
+    0x09, 0x54, 0xde, 0x60, 0xa7, 0xd1, 0x16, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0xb7, 0xbe, 0x7a,
+    0xd5, 0x9b, 0x26, 0xef, 0xe4, 0x0e, 0x77, 0xfa, 0xa9, 0xdd, 0xdc, 0xb9,
+    0x88, 0x19, 0x23, 0x70, 0xc7, 0xe1, 0x60, 0xaf, 0x8c, 0x73, 0x04, 0xf7,
+    0x71, 0x17, 0x81, 0x36, 0x75, 0xbb, 0x97, 0xd7, 0x75, 0xb6, 0x8e, 0xbc,
+    0xac, 0x9c, 0x6a, 0x9b, 0x24, 0x89, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x5a, 0x2b, 0xc7,
+    0x6b, 0x8c, 0x65, 0xdb, 0x04, 0x73, 0xab, 0x25, 0xe1, 0x5b, 0xbc, 0x3c,
+    0xcf, 0x5a, 0x3c, 0x04, 0xae, 0x97, 0x2e, 0xfd, 0xa4, 0x97, 0x1f, 0x05,
+    0x17, 0x27, 0xac, 0x7c, 0x30, 0x85, 0xb4, 0x82, 0x3f, 0x5b, 0xb7, 0x94,
+    0x3b, 0x7f, 0x6c, 0x0c, 0xc7, 0x16, 0xc6, 0xa0, 0xbd, 0x80, 0xb0, 0x81,
+    0xde, 0xa0, 0x23, 0xa6, 0xf6, 0x75, 0x33, 0x51, 0x35, 0xa2, 0x75, 0x55,
+    0x70, 0x4d, 0x42, 0xbb, 0xcf, 0x54, 0xe4, 0xdb, 0x2d, 0x88, 0xa0, 0x7a,
+    0xf2, 0x17, 0xa7, 0xdd, 0x13, 0x44, 0x9f, 0x5f, 0x6b, 0x2c, 0x42, 0x42,
+    0x8b, 0x13, 0x4d, 0xf9, 0x5b, 0xf8, 0x33, 0x42, 0xd9, 0x9e, 0x50, 0x1c,
+    0x7c, 0xbc, 0xfa, 0x62, 0x85, 0x0b, 0xcf, 0x99, 0xda, 0x9e, 0x04, 0x90,
+    0xb2, 0xc6, 0xb2, 0x0a, 0x2a, 0x7c, 0x6d, 0x6a, 0x40, 0xfc, 0xf5, 0x50,
+    0x98, 0x46, 0x89, 0x82, 0x40,
+};
+
+static SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+static void Init() {
+    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
+    const uint8_t *bufp = kRSAPrivateKeyDER;
+    RSA *privkey = d2i_RSAPrivateKey(NULL, &bufp, sizeof(kRSAPrivateKeyDER));
+    OPENSSL_assert(privkey != NULL);
+    EVP_PKEY *pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
+    EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA(pkey, privkey);
+    int ret = SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx, pkey);
+    OPENSSL_assert(ret == 1);
+    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
+    bufp = kCertificateDER;
+    X509 *cert = d2i_X509(NULL, &bufp, sizeof(kCertificateDER));
+    OPENSSL_assert(cert != NULL);
+    ret = SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx, cert);
+    OPENSSL_assert(ret == 1);
+    X509_free(cert);
+  }
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+    if (ctx == NULL)
+        Init();
+    // TODO: make this work for OpenSSL. There's a PREDICT define that may do
+    // the job.
+    // TODO: use the ossltest engine (optionally?) to disable crypto checks.
+    //RAND_reset_for_fuzzing();
+
+    // This only fuzzes the initial flow from the client so far.
+    SSL *server = SSL_new(ctx);
+    BIO *in = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+    BIO *out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+    SSL_set_bio(server, in, out);
+    SSL_set_accept_state(server);
+    OPENSSL_assert((size_t)BIO_write(in, buf, len) == len);
+    if (SSL_do_handshake(server) == 1) {
+        // Keep reading application data until error or EOF.
+        uint8_t tmp[1024];
+        for (;;) {
+            if (SSL_read(server, tmp, sizeof(tmp)) <= 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    SSL_free(server);
+    return 0;
+}