+++ /dev/null
-# vi: set sw=4 ts=4:
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
-
-=head1 SYNTAX
-
- BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or
-
- <function> [arguments...] # if symlinked
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single
-small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities
-you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip,
-tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small
-or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than
-their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
-the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.
-
-BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind.
-It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or
-features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded
-systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a shell (such as ash),
-and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae).
-
-=head1 USAGE
-
-When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when BusyBox
-is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself has been invoked.
-
-For example, entering
-
- ln -s ./BusyBox ls
- ./ls
-
-will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
-into BusyBox).
-
-You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the
-command line. For example, entering
-
- ./BusyBox ls
-
-will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
-
-=head1 COMMON OPTIONS
-
-Most BusyBox commands support the B<-h> option to provide a
-terse runtime description of their behavior.
-
-=head1 COMMANDS
-
-Currently defined functions include:
-
-adjtimex, ar, basename, busybox, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear,
-cmp, cp, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg,
-dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dutmp, echo, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free,
-freeramdisk, fsck.minix, getopt, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid,
-hostname, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, length, ln,
-loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum,
-mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nc,
-nslookup, ping, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, reboot,
-renice, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpmunpack, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sleep,
-sort, stty, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp,
-touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, unix2dos, update, uptime, usleep,
-uudecode, uuencode, watchdog, wc, wget, which, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, [
-
-=over 4
-
-=item B<adjtimex>
-
-adjtimex [B<-q>] [B<-o> offset] [B<-f> frequency] [B<-p> timeconstant] [B<-t> tick]
-
-Reads and optionally sets system timebase parameters.
-See adjtimex(2).
-
-Options:
-
- -q quiet mode - do not print
- -o offset time offset, microseconds
- -f frequency frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
- (positive values make the system clock run fast)
- -t tick microseconds per tick, usually 10000
- -p timeconstant
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<ar>
-
-ar -[ovR]{ptx} archive filenames
-
-Extract or list files from an ar archive.
-
-Options:
-
- -o preserve original dates
- -p extract to stdout
- -t list
- -x extract
- -v verbosely list files processed
- -R recursive action
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<basename>
-
-basename FILE [SUFFIX]
-
-Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE.
-If specified, also removes any trailing SUFFIX.
-
-Example:
-
- $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
- foo
- $ basename /usr/local/bin/
- bin
- $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
- bar
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<cat>
-
-cat [FILE]...
-
-Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to stdout.
-
-Example:
-
- $ cat /proc/uptime
- 110716.72 17.67
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<chgrp>
-
-chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
-
-Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.
-
-Options:
-
- -R Changes files and directories recursively.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<chmod>
-
-chmod [B<-R>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
-
-Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the
-symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst.
-
-Options:
-
- -R Changes files and directories recursively.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
- $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<chown>
-
-chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
-
-Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
-
-Options:
-
- -R Changes files and directories recursively.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- $ chown root /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- $ chown root.root /tmp/foo
- ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<chroot>
-
-chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]
-
-Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls -l /bin/ls
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
- $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
- $ chroot /mnt
- $ ls -l /bin/ls
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls*
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<chvt>
-
-chvt N
-
-Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<clear>
-
-clear
-
-Clear screen.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<cmp>
-
-cmp FILE1 [FILE2]
-
-Compare files.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<cp>
-
-cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
-
-Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
-
- -a Same as -dpR
- -d Preserves links
- -p Preserves file attributes if possible
- -f force (implied; ignored) - always set
- -R Copies directories recursively
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<cut>
-
-cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...
-
-Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.
-
-Options:
-
- -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
- -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
- -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
- -s Output only the lines containing delimiter
- -f N Print only these fields
- -n Ignored
-
-Example:
-
- $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' '
- Hello
- $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' '
- world
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<date>
-
-date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
-
-Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date.
-
-Options:
-
- -R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
- -d STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
- -s Sets time described by STRING
- -u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time
-
-Example:
-
- $ date
- Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dc>
-
-dc expression ...
-
-This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the
-following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor.
-i.e. 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, and 'dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /' -> 16
-
-Example:
-
- $ dc 2 2 +
- 4
- $ dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /
- 16
- $ dc 0 1 and
- 0
- $ dc 0 1 or
- 1
- $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
- 64
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dd>
-
-dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
- [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|sync]
-
-Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options
-
- if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
- of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
- bs=N read and write N bytes at a time
- count=N copy only N input blocks
- skip=N skip N input blocks
- seek=N skip N output blocks
- conv=notrunc don't truncate output file
- conv=sync pad blocks with zeros
-
-Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024),
-MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824).
-
-Example:
-
- $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
- 4+0 records in
- 4+0 records out
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<deallocvt>
-
-deallocvt N
-
-Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<df>
-
-df [B<-hmk>] [filesystem ...]
-
-Print the filesystem space used and space available.
-
-Options:
-
- -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
- -m print sizes in megabytes
- -k print sizes in kilobytes(default)
-
-Example:
-
- $ df
- Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
- /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
- $ df /dev/sda3
- Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dirname>
-
-dirname [FILENAME ...]
-
-Strips non-directory suffix from FILENAME
-
-Example:
-
- $ dirname /tmp/foo
- /tmp
- $ dirname /tmp/foo/
- /tmp
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dmesg>
-
-dmesg [B<-c>] [B<-n> LEVEL] [B<-s> SIZE]
-
-Prints or controls the kernel ring buffer
-
-Options:
-
- -c Clears the ring buffer's contents after printing
- -n LEVEL Sets console logging level
- -s SIZE Use a buffer of size SIZE
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dos2unix>
-
-dos2unix [option] [file]
-
-Converts a text file to/from dos format to unix format.
-
-Options:
-
- -u output will be in UNIX format
- -d output will be in DOS format
-
-- when no option is given then input format will be automaticaly detected
-
- and converted to the oposite format on output
-- when no file is given, then stdin is used as input and stdout as output
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dpkg>
-
-dpkg [B<-i>|B<-r>|-B<-unpack>|-B<-configure>] my.deb
-
-WORK IN PROGRESS, only usefull for debian-installer
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dpkg_deb>
-
-dpkg_deb [B<-cefItxX>] file [argument]
-
-Perform actions on debian packages (.debs)
-
-Options:
-
- -c List contents of filesystem tree
- -e Extract control files to [argument] directory
- -f Display control field name starting with [argument]
- -I Display the control filenamed [argument]
- -t Extract filesystem tree to stdout in tar format
- -x Exctract packages filesystem tree to directory
- -X Verbose extract
-
-Example:
-
- $ dpkg-deb -X ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb /tmp
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<du>
-
-du [B<-lshmk>] [FILE]...
-
-Summarizes disk space used for each FILE and/or directory.
-Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.
-
-Options:
-
- -l count sizes many times if hard linked
- -s display only a total for each argument
- -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
- -m print sizes in megabytes
- -k print sizes in kilobytes(default)
-
-Example:
-
- $ du
- 16 ./CVS
- 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
- 80 ./kernel-patches
- 12 ./tests/CVS
- 36 ./tests
- 12 ./scripts/CVS
- 16 ./scripts
- 12 ./docs/CVS
- 104 ./docs
- 2417 .
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dumpkmap>
-
-dumpkmap > keymap
-
-Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output.
-
-Example:
-
- $ dumpkmap > keymap
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<dutmp>
-
-dutmp [FILE]
-
-Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE
-or stdin to stdout. (i.e. 'dutmp /var/run/utmp')
-
-Example:
-
- $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
- 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
- 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
- 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
- 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
- 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
- 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
- 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<echo>
-
-echo [B<-neE>] [ARG ...]
-
-Prints the specified ARGs to stdout
-
-Options:
-
- -n suppress trailing newline
- -e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
- -E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
-
-Example:
-
- $ echo "Erik is cool"
- Erik is cool
- $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
- Erik
- is
- cool
- $ echo "Erik
- is
- cool"
- Erik
- is
- cool
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<env>
-
-env [-] [B<-iu>] [name=value ...] [command]
-
-Prints the current environment or runs a program after setting
-up the specified environment.
-
-Options:
-
- -, -i start with an empty environment
- -u remove variable from the environment
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<expr>
-
-expr EXPRESSION
-
-Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.
-
-EXPRESSION may be:
-
- ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
- ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
- ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
- ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
- ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
- ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
- ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
- ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
- ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
- ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
- ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
- ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
- ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
- STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
- match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
- substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
- index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found,
- or 0
- length STRING length of STRING
- quote TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
- it is a keyword like `match' or an
- operator like `/'
- ( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-
-Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
-Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
-lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
-\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
-of characters matched or 0.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<false>
-
-false
-
-Return an exit code of FALSE (1).
-
-Example:
-
- $ false
- $ echo $?
- 1
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<fbset>
-
-fbset [options] [mode]
-
-Show and modify frame buffer settings
-
-Example:
-
- $ fbset
- mode "1024x768-76"
- # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
- geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
- timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
- accel false
- rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
- endmode
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<fdflush>
-
-fdflush DEVICE
-
-Forces floppy disk drive to detect disk change
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<find>
-
-find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
-
-Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is
-the current directory; default EXPRESSION is 'B<-print>'
-
-EXPRESSION may consist of:
-
- -follow Dereference symbolic links.
- -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
- -print Print (default and assumed).
-
- -type X Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
- -perm PERMS Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN);
- or exactly (NNN)
- -mtime TIME Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N);
- or exactly (N) days
-
-Example:
-
- $ find / -name /etc/passwd
- /etc/passwd
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<free>
-
-free
-
-Displays the amount of free and used system memory
-
-Example:
-
- $ free
- total used free shared buffers
- Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
- Swap: 128516 8404 120112
- Total: 386144 257128 129016
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<freeramdisk>
-
-freeramdisk DEVICE
-
-Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk.
-
-Example:
-
- $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<fsck_minix>
-
-fsck_minix [B<-larvsmf>] /dev/name
-
-Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.
-
-Options:
-
- -l Lists all filenames
- -r Perform interactive repairs
- -a Perform automatic repairs
- -v verbose
- -s Outputs super-block information
- -m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
- -f Force file system check.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<getopt>
-
-getopt [OPTIONS]...
-
-Parse command options
-
- -a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single -
- -l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized
- -n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported
- -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized
- -q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
- -Q, --quiet-output No normal output
- -s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions
- -T, --test Test for getopt(1) version
- -u, --unqote Do not quote the output
-
-Example:
-
- $ cat getopt.test
- #!/bin/sh
- GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
- -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"`
- if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi
- eval set -- "$GETOPT"
- while true ; do
- case $1 in
- -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
- -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
- -c|--c-long)
- case "$2" in
- "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
- *) echo "Option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
- esac ;;
- --) shift ; break ;;
- *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
- esac
- done
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<grep>
-
-grep [B<-ihHnqvs>] pattern [files...]
-
-Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
-
-Options:
-
- -H prefix output lines with filename where match was found
- -h suppress the prefixing filename on output
- -i ignore case distinctions
- -l list names of files that match
- -n print line number with output lines
- -q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
- -v select non-matching lines
- -s suppress file open/read error messages
-
-Example:
-
- $ grep root /etc/passwd
- root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
- $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
- root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<gunzip>
-
-gunzip [OPTION]... FILE
-
-Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').
-
-Options:
-
- -c Write output to standard output
- -t Test compressed file integrity
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
- $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<gzip>
-
-gzip [OPTION]... FILE
-
-Compress FILE with maximum compression.
-When FILE is '-', reads standard input. Implies B<-c>.
-
-Options:
-
- -c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz
- -d decompress
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
- $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<halt>
-
-halt
-
-Halt the system.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<head>
-
-head [OPTION] [FILE]...
-
-Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
-With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
-file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-
-Options:
-
- -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
-
-Example:
-
- $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
- root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
- daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<hostid>
-
-hostid
-
-Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<hostname>
-
-hostname [OPTION] {hostname | B<-F> file}
-
-Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given
-(or a file with the B<-F> parameter), the host name will be set.
-
-Options:
-
- -s Short
- -i Addresses for the hostname
- -d DNS domain name
- -F, --file FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
-
-Example:
-
- $ hostname
- slag
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<id>
-
-id [OPTIONS]... [USERNAME]
-
-Print information for USERNAME or the current user
-
-Options:
-
- -g prints only the group ID
- -u prints only the user ID
- -n print a name instead of a number (with for -ug)
- -r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)
-
-Example:
-
- $ id
- uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<ifconfig>
-
-ifconfig [B<-a>] <interface> [<address>]
-
-configure a network interface
-
-Options:
-
- [[-]broadcast [<address>]] [[-]pointopoint [<address>]]
- [netmask <address>] [dstaddr <address>]
- [outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>]
- [hw ether <address>] [metric <NN>] [mtu <NN>]
- [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
- [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen <NN>] [[-]dynamic]
- [mem_start <NN>] [io_addr <NN>] [irq <NN>]
- [up|down] ...
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<init>
-
-init
-
-Init is the parent of all processes.
-
-This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.
-
-BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of
-the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want
-runlevels, use sysvinit.
-
-BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found,
-it has the following default behavior:
-
- ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
- ::askfirst:/bin/sh
- ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
- ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
- ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
-
-if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also run:
-
- tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
- tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh
- tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh
-
-If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows:
-
- <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
-
- <id>:
-
- WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
- The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
- the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are
- appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to
- be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this
- field is left blank, the controlling tty is set to the console. Also
- note that if BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then only
- entries whose controlling tty is either the serial console or /dev/null
- will be run. BusyBox init does nothing with utmp. We don't need no
- stinkin' utmp.
-
- <runlevels>:
-
- The runlevels field is completely ignored.
-
- <action>:
-
- Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,
- once, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown.
-
- The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions
- that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified
- process exits.
-
- Run only-once actions:
-
- 'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all
- sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the
- completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run.
- 'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until
- the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asyncronous,
- therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'ctrlaltdel'
- actions are run when the system detects that someone on the system
- console has pressed the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination. Typically one
- wants to run 'reboot' at this point to cause the system to reboot.
- Finally the 'shutdown' action specifies the actions to taken when
- init is told to reboot. Unmounting filesystems and disabling swap
- is a very good here
-
- Run repeatedly actions:
-
- 'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process
- started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts
- it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from
- respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like
- respawn, except that before running the specified process it
- displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console."
- and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the
- specified process.
-
- Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an
- error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are
- run in the reverse order from how they appear in /etc/inittab.
-
- <process>:
-
- Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.
-
-Example /etc/inittab file:
-
- # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
- #
- ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
-
- # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
- #
- # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
- ::askfirst:-/bin/sh
- # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4
- tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
- tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh
- tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh
-
- # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
- #
- tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
- tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6
-
-
- # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
- #
- #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
- #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
- #
- # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
- #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2
-
- # Stuff to do before rebooting
- ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
- ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
- ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
-
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<insmod>
-
-insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...
-
-Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel.
-
-Options:
-
- -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
- -k Make module autoclean-able.
- -v verbose output
- -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module
- -x do not export externs
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<kill>
-
-kill [B<-signal>] process-id [process-id ...]
-
-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).
-
-Options:
-
- -l List all signal names and numbers.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ps | grep apache
- 252 root root S [apache]
- 263 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 264 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 265 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 266 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 267 www-data www-data S [apache]
- $ kill 252
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<killall>
-
-killall [B<-signal>] process-name [process-name ...]
-
-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).
-
-Options:
-
- -l List all signal names and numbers.
-
-Example:
-
- $ killall apache
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<klogd>
-
-klogd B<-n>
-
-Kernel logger.
-Options:
-
- -n Run as a foreground process.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<length>
-
-length STRING
-
-Prints out the length of the specified STRING.
-
-Example:
-
- $ length Hello
- 5
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<ln>
-
-ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY
-
-Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET
-
-You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
-
-Options:
-
- -s make symbolic links instead of hard links
- -f remove existing destination files
- -n no dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
-
-Example:
-
- $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
- $ ls -l /tmp/ls
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<loadacm>
-
-loadacm < mapfile
-
-Loads an acm from standard input.
-
-Example:
-
- $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<loadfont>
-
-loadfont < font
-
-Loads a console font from standard input.
-
-Example:
-
- $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<loadkmap>
-
-loadkmap < keymap
-
-Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input.
-
-Example:
-
- $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<logger>
-
-logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]
-
-Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.
-
-Options:
-
- -s Log to stderr as well as the system log.
- -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
- -p Enter the message with the specified priority.
- This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.
-
-Example:
-
- $ logger "hello"
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<logname>
-
-logname
-
-Print the name of the current user.
-
-Example:
-
- $ logname
- root
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<logread>
-
-logread
-
-Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer).
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<ls>
-
-ls [B<-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk>] [filenames...]
-
-List directory contents
-
-Options:
-
- -1 list files in a single column
- -A do not list implied . and ..
- -a do not hide entries starting with .
- -C list entries by columns
- -c with -l: show ctime
- -d list directory entries instead of contents
- -e list both full date and full time
- -F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
- -i list the i-node for each file
- -l use a long listing format
- -n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
- -p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
- -L list entries pointed to by symbolic links
- -R list subdirectories recursively
- -r sort the listing in reverse order
- -S sort the listing by file size
- -s list the size of each file, in blocks
- -T NUM assume Tabstop every NUM columns
- -t with -l: show modification time
- -u with -l: show access time
- -v sort the listing by version
- -w NUM assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
- -x list entries by lines instead of by columns
- -X sort the listing by extension
- -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
- -k print sizes in kilobytes(default)
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<lsmod>
-
-lsmod
-
-List the currently loaded kernel modules.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<makedevs>
-
-makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]
-
-Creates a range of block or character special files
-
-TYPEs include:
-
- b: Make a block (buffered) device.
- c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
- p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.
-
-FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device.
-LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created.
-If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as well.
-
-For example:
-
- makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 -> ttyS2-ttyS63
- makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s -> hda,hda1-hda8
-
-Example:
-
- $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
- [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
- $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
- [creates hda,hda1-hda8]
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<md5sum>
-
-md5sum [OPTION] [FILE]...
-or: md5sum [OPTION] B<-c> [FILE]
-
-Print or check MD5 checksums.
-
-Options:
-With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-
- -b read files in binary mode
- -c check MD5 sums against given list
- -t read files in text mode (default)
- -g read a string
-
-The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:
-
- -s don't output anything, status code shows success
- -w warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines
-
-Example:
-
- $ md5sum < busybox
- 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003
- $ md5sum busybox
- 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
- $ md5sum -c -
- 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
- busybox: OK
- ^D
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mkdir>
-
-mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...
-
-Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist
-
-Options:
-
- -m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
- -p no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-
-Example:
-
- $ mkdir /tmp/foo
- $ mkdir /tmp/foo
- /tmp/foo: File exists
- $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
- /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
- $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mkfifo>
-
-mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
-
-Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
-
-Options:
-
- -m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mkfs_minix>
-
-mkfs_minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks]
-
-Make a MINIX filesystem.
-
-Options:
-
- -c Check the device for bad blocks
- -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
- -i INODES Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
- -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
- -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mknod>
-
-mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
-
-Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).
-
-Options:
-
- -m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
-
-TYPEs include:
-
- b: Make a block (buffered) device.
- c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
- p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.
-
-Example:
-
- $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
- $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mkswap>
-
-mkswap [B<-c>] [B<-v0>|B<-v1>] device [block-count]
-
-Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.
-
-Options:
-
- -c Check for read-ability.
- -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
- -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels >
- 2.1.117).
- block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mktemp>
-
-mktemp [B<-q>] TEMPLATE
-
-Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE.
-TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).
-
-Example:
-
- $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
- /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
- $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
- -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<more>
-
-more [FILE ...]
-
-More is a filter for viewing FILE one screenful at a time.
-
-Example:
-
- $ dmesg | more
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mount>
-
-mount [flags] device directory [B<-o> options,more-options]
-
-Mount a filesystem
-
-Flags:
-
- -a: Mount all filesystems in fstab.
- -f: "Fake" Add entry to mount table but don't mount it.
- -n: Don't write a mount table entry.
- -o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below.
- -r: Mount the filesystem read-only.
- -t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type.
- -w: Mount for reading and writing (default).
-
-Options for use with the "B<-o>" flag:
-
- async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
- atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
- dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
- exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
- loop: Mounts a file via loop device.
- suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
- remount: Re-mount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
- ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write.
-
-There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
-You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
-
-Example:
-
- $ mount
- /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
- proc on /proc type proc (rw)
- devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
- $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
- $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mt>
-
-mt [B<-f> device] opcode value
-
-Control magnetic tape drive operation
-
-Available Opcodes:
-
-bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase
-fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2
-ras3 reset retension rew rewoffline seek setblk setdensity
-setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<mv>
-
-mv SOURCE DEST
-or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
-
-Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
-
-Example:
-
- $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<nc>
-
-nc [IP] [port]
-
-Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port
-
-Example:
-
- $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
- 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
- help
- 214-Commands supported:
- 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
- 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
- quit
- 221 foobar closing connection
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<nslookup>
-
-nslookup [HOST]
-
-Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
-
-Example:
-
- $ nslookup localhost
- Server: default
- Address: default
-
- Name: debian
- Address: 127.0.0.1
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<ping>
-
-ping [OPTION]... host
-
-Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
-
-Options:
-
- -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings.
- -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).
- -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start
- and when finished.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ping localhost
- PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
- 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
-
- --- debian ping statistics ---
- 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
- round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<pivot_root>
-
-pivot_root new_root put_old
-
-Move the current root file system to put_old and make new_root
-the new root file system.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<poweroff>
-
-poweroff
-
-Halt the system and request that the kernel shut off the power.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<printf>
-
-printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]
-
-Formats and prints ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT,
-Where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf.
-
-Example:
-
- $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
- Val=5
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<ps>
-
-ps
-
-Report process status
-
-This version of ps accepts no options.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ps
- PID Uid Gid State Command
- 1 root root S init
- 2 root root S [kflushd]
- 3 root root S [kupdate]
- 4 root root S [kpiod]
- 5 root root S [kswapd]
- 742 andersen andersen S [bash]
- 743 andersen andersen S -bash
- 745 root root S [getty]
- 2990 andersen andersen R ps
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<pwd>
-
-pwd
-
-Print the full filename of the current working directory.
-
-Example:
-
- $ pwd
- /root
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<rdate>
-
-rdate [OPTION] HOST
-
-Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST.
-
-Options:
-
- -s Set the system date and time (default).
- -p Print the date and time.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<readlink>
-
-readlink
-
-Read a symbolic link.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<reboot>
-
-reboot
-
-Reboot the system.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<renice>
-
-renice priority pid [pid ...]
-
-Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range
-from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0
-(default priority) to B<-20> (almost nothing else ever gets to run).
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<reset>
-
-reset
-
-Resets the screen.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<rm>
-
-rm [OPTION]... FILE...
-
-Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to
-indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
-
-Options:
-
- -i always prompt before removing each destinations
- -f remove existing destinations, never prompt
- -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively
-
-Example:
-
- $ rm -rf /tmp/foo
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<rmdir>
-
-rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
-
-Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
-
-Example:
-
- # rmdir /tmp/foo
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<rmmod>
-
-rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
-
-Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.
-
-Options:
-
- -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules.
-
-Example:
-
- $ rmmod tulip
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<route>
-
-route [{add|del|flush}]
-
-Edit the kernel's routing tables
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<rpmunpack>
-
-rpmunpack < package.rpm | gunzip | cpio B<-idmuv>
-
-Extracts an rpm archive.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<sed>
-
-sed [B<-Vhnef>] pattern [files...]
-
-Options:
-
- -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space
- -e script add the script to the commands to be executed
- -f scriptfile add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed
- -h display this help message
-
-If no B<-e> or B<-f> is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the
-sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input
-files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read.
-
-Example:
-
- $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
- bar
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<setkeycodes>
-
-setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
-
-Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
-allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
-
-SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal),
-and KEYCODE is given in decimal
-
-Example:
-
- $ setkeycodes e030 127
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<sh>
-
-sh [FILE]...
-or: sh B<-c> command [args]...
-
-lash: The BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
-
-This command does not yet have proper documentation.
-
-Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes,
-redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts, and has a
-sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not (yet) support
-Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like "if-then-else", "while", and such
-use ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and extremely small shell,
-this will do the job.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<sleep>
-
-sleep N
-
-Pause for N seconds.
-
-Example:
-
- $ sleep 2
- [2 second delay results]
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<sort>
-
-sort [B<-nru>] [FILE]...
-
-Sorts lines of text in the specified files
-
-Options:
-
- -u suppress duplicate lines
- -r sort in reverse order
- -n sort numerics
-
-Example:
-
- $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
- a
- b
- c
- d
- e
- f
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<stty>
-
-stty [B<-a>|g] [B<-F> device] [SETTING]...
-
-Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline,
-and deviations from stty sane.
-
-Options:
-
- -F device open device instead of stdin
- -a print all current settings in human-readable form
- -g print in stty-readable form
- [SETTING] see documentation
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<swapoff>
-
-swapoff [OPTION] [device]
-
-Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
-
-Options:
-
- -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<swapon>
-
-swapon [OPTION] [device]
-
-Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
-
-Options:
-
- -a Start swapping on all swap devices
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<sync>
-
-sync
-
-Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<syslogd>
-
-syslogd [OPTION]...
-
-Linux system and kernel logging utility.
-Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
-
-Options:
-
- -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
- -n Run as a foreground process
- -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
- -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
- -L Log locally and via network logging (default is network only)
-
-Example:
-
- $ syslogd -R masterlog:514
- $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<tail>
-
-tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
-
-Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
-With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
-file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-
-Options:
-
- -c N[kbm] output the last N bytes
- -n N[kbm] print last N lines instead of last 10
- -f output data as the file grows
- -q never output headers giving file names
- -s SEC wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
- -v always output headers giving file names
-
-If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with
-the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items
-in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).
-
-Example:
-
- $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
- nameserver 10.0.0.1
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<tar>
-
-tar -[cxtvO] [-B<-exclude> File] [B<-X> File][B<-f> tarFile] [FILE(s)] ...
-
-Create, extract, or list files from a tar file.
-
-Main operation mode:
-
- c create
- x extract
- t list
-
-File selection:
-
- f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
- O extract to stdout
- exclude file to exclude
- X file with names to exclude
-
-Informative output:
-
- v verbosely list files processed
-
-Example:
-
- $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
- $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<tee>
-
-tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
-
-Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-
-Options:
-
- -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-
-Example:
-
- $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
- $ cat /tmp/foo
- Hello
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<telnet>
-
-telnet host [port]
-
-Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another
-computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<test>
-
-test EXPRESSION
- or [ EXPRESSION ]
-
-Checks file types and compares values returning an exit
-code determined by the value of EXPRESSION.
-
-Example:
-
- $ test 1 -eq 2
- $ echo $?
- 1
- $ test 1 -eq 1
- $ echo $?
- 0
- $ [ -d /etc ]
- $ echo $?
- 0
- $ [ -d /junk ]
- $ echo $?
- 1
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<tftp>
-
-tftp command SOURCE DEST
-
-Transfers a file from/to a tftp server using "octet" mode.
-
-Commands:
-
- get Get file from server SOURCE and store to local DEST.
- put Put local file SOURCE to server DEST.
-
-When naming a server, use the syntax "server:file".
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<touch>
-
-touch [B<-c>] file [file ...]
-
-Update the last-modified date on the given file[s].
-
-Options:
-
- -c Do not create any files
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
- $ touch /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<tr>
-
-tr [B<-cds>] STRING1 [STRING2]
-
-Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from
-standard input, writing to standard output.
-
-Options:
-
- -c take complement of STRING1
- -d delete input characters coded STRING1
- -s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
-
-Example:
-
- $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
- hello world
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<true>
-
-true
-
-Return an exit code of TRUE (0).
-
-Example:
-
- $ true
- $ echo $?
- 0
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<tty>
-
-tty
-
-Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-
-Options:
-
- -s print nothing, only return an exit status
-
-Example:
-
- $ tty
- /dev/tty2
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<umount>
-
-umount [flags] filesystem|directory
-
-Unmount file systems
-
-Flags:
-
- -a Unmount all file systems in /etc/mtab
- -n Don't erase /etc/mtab entries
- -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
- -f Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
- -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
-
-Example:
-
- $ umount /dev/hdc1
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<uname>
-
-uname [OPTION]...
-
-Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as B<-s>.
-
-Options:
-
- -a print all information
- -m the machine (hardware) type
- -n print the machine's network node hostname
- -r print the operating system release
- -s print the operating system name
- -p print the host processor type
- -v print the operating system version
-
-Example:
-
- $ uname -a
- Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<uniq>
-
-uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
-
-Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT
-(or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
-
-Options:
-
- -c prefix lines by the number of occurrences
- -d only print duplicate lines
- -u only print unique lines
-
-Example:
-
- $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
- a
- b
- c
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<unix2dos>
-
-unix2dos [option] [file]
-
-See 'dos2unix -B<-help>' for help!
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<update>
-
-update [options]
-
-Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.
-
-Options:
-
- -S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
- -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
- -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<uptime>
-
-uptime
-
-Display the time since the last boot.
-
-Example:
-
- $ uptime
- 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<usleep>
-
-usleep N
-
-Pause for N microseconds.
-
-Example:
-
- $ usleep 1000000
- [pauses for 1 second]
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<uudecode>
-
-uudecode [FILE]...
-
-Uudecode a file that is uuencoded.
-
-Options:
-
- -o FILE direct output to FILE
-
-Example:
-
- $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
- $ ls -l busybox
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<uuencode>
-
-uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE
-
-Uuencode a file.
-
-Options:
-
- -m use base64 encoding as of RFC1521
-
-Example:
-
- $ uuencode busybox busybox
- begin 755 busybox
- <encoded file snipped>
- $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
- $
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<vi>
-
-vi [OPTION] [FILE]...
-
-edit FILE.
-
-Options:
-
- -R Read-only- do not write to the file.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<watchdog>
-
-watchdog DEV
-
-Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<wc>
-
-wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
-
-Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if
-more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.
-
-Options:
-
- -c print the byte counts
- -l print the newline counts
- -L print the length of the longest line
- -w print the word counts
-
-Example:
-
- $ wc /etc/passwd
- 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<wget>
-
-wget [B<-c>] [B<-q>] [B<-O> file] url
-
-wget retrieves files via HTTP or FTP
-
-Options:
-
- -c continue retrieval of aborted transfers
- -q quiet mode - do not print
- -O save to filename ('-' for stdout)
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<which>
-
-which [COMMAND ...]
-
-Locates a COMMAND.
-
-Example:
-
- $ which login
- /bin/login
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<whoami>
-
-whoami
-
-Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<xargs>
-
-xargs [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
-
-Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input.
-
-Example:
-
- $ ls | xargs gzip
- $ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<yes>
-
-yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...
-
-Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=item B<zcat>
-
-zcat FILE
-
-Uncompress to stdout.
-
--------------------------------
-
-=back
-
-=head1 LIBC NSS
-
-GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C
-library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data,
-such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it
-will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that make use of NSS.
-This allows you to run an embedded system without the need for installing an
-/etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* libraries installed.
-
-If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for authentication
-via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will need to adjust the
-BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have enough space to install
-of that stuff on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities.
-
-=head1 SEE ALSO
-
-textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc...
-
-=head1 MAINTAINER
-
-Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com>
-
-=head1 AUTHORS
-
-The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether
-they know it or not.
-
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Erik Andersen <andersen@lineo.com>, <andersee@debian.org>
-
- Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
- core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
-
-=for html <br>
-
-John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>
-
- du, head, nslookup, sort, tee, uniq (so Kraai could rewrite them ;-),
- documentation
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
-
- expr, hostid, logname, tty, wc, whoami, yes
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
-
- tiny-ls(ls)
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
-
- fbset, ping, hostname, and mkfifo
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
-
- more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
- various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
-
- various fixes, shell rewrite
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
-
- cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Sterling Huxley <sterling@europa.com>
-
- vi (!!!)
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
-
- mktemp.c
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu>
-
- documentation, bugfixes
-
-=for html <br>
-
-John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
-
- dirname, tr
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>
-
- ar.c
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
-
- cmdedit, stty-port, locale, various fixes
- and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
-
- Original author of BusyBox. His code is still in many apps.
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
-
- wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
-
- Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>
-
- Remote logging feature for syslogd
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
-
- mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Mark Whitley <markw@lineo.com>
-
- sed remix, bug fixes, style-guide, etc.
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
-
- gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
-
-=for html <br>
-
-Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
-
- tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
-
-=cut
-
-# $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.102 2001/04/17 23:57:23 beppu Exp $
projects / oweals / busybox.git / commitdiff