Assembler support for IA-64. See the source code commentary for further
authorAndy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>
Mon, 28 May 2001 20:02:51 +0000 (20:02 +0000)
committerAndy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>
Mon, 28 May 2001 20:02:51 +0000 (20:02 +0000)
details (performance numbers and accompanying discussions:-). Note that
the code is not engaged in ./Configure yet. I'll add it later this week
along with updates for .spec file.

Submitted by:
Reviewed by:
PR:

crypto/bn/asm/ia64.S [new file with mode: 0644]

diff --git a/crypto/bn/asm/ia64.S b/crypto/bn/asm/ia64.S
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+.text
+.asciz "ia64.S, Version 1.0"
+.asciz "IA-64 ISA artwork by Andy Polyakov <appro@fy.chalmers.se>"
+
+//
+// ====================================================================
+// Written by Andy Polyakov <appro@fy.chalmers.se> for the OpenSSL
+// project.
+//
+// Rights for redistribution and usage in source and binary forms are
+// granted according to the OpenSSL license. Warranty of any kind is
+// disclaimed.
+// ====================================================================
+//
+
+// Q.  How much faster does it get?
+// A.  Here is the output from 'openssl speed rsa dsa' for vanilla
+//     0.9.6a compiled with gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat
+//     Linux 7.1 2.96-81):
+//
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     rsa  512 bits   0.0036s   0.0003s    275.3   2999.2
+//     rsa 1024 bits   0.0203s   0.0011s     49.3    894.1
+//     rsa 2048 bits   0.1331s   0.0040s      7.5    250.9
+//     rsa 4096 bits   0.9270s   0.0147s      1.1     68.1
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     dsa  512 bits   0.0035s   0.0043s    288.3    234.8
+//     dsa 1024 bits   0.0111s   0.0135s     90.0     74.2
+//
+//     And here is similar output but for this assembler
+//     implementation:-)
+//
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     rsa  512 bits   0.0021s   0.0001s    549.4   9638.5
+//     rsa 1024 bits   0.0055s   0.0002s    183.8   4481.1
+//     rsa 2048 bits   0.0244s   0.0006s     41.4   1726.3
+//     rsa 4096 bits   0.1295s   0.0018s      7.7    561.5
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     dsa  512 bits   0.0012s   0.0013s    891.9    756.6
+//     dsa 1024 bits   0.0023s   0.0028s    440.4    376.2
+//     
+//     Yes, you may argue that it's not fair comparison as it's
+//     possible to craft the C implementation with BN_UMULT_HIGH
+//     inline assembler macro. But of course! Here is the output
+//     with the macro:
+//
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     rsa  512 bits   0.0020s   0.0002s    495.0   6561.0
+//     rsa 1024 bits   0.0086s   0.0004s    116.2   2235.7
+//     rsa 2048 bits   0.0519s   0.0015s     19.3    667.3
+//     rsa 4096 bits   0.3464s   0.0053s      2.9    187.7
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     dsa  512 bits   0.0016s   0.0020s    613.1    510.5
+//     dsa 1024 bits   0.0045s   0.0054s    221.0    183.9
+//
+//     My code is still way faster, huh:-) And I believe that even
+//     higher performance can be achieved. Note that as keys get
+//     longer, performance gain is larger. Why? According to the
+//     profiler there is another player in the field, namely
+//     BN_from_montgomery consuming larger and larger portion of CPU
+//     time as keysize decreases. I therefore consider putting effort
+//     to assembler implementation of the following routine:
+//
+//     void bn_mul_add_mont (BN_ULONG *rp,BN_ULONG *np,int nl,BN_ULONG n0)
+//     {
+//     int      i,j;
+//     BN_ULONG v;
+//
+//     for (i=0; i<nl; i++)
+//             {
+//             v=bn_mul_add_words(rp,np,nl,(rp[0]*n0)&BN_MASK2);
+//             nrp++;
+//             rp++;
+//             if (((nrp[-1]+=v)&BN_MASK2) < v)
+//                     for (j=0; ((++nrp[j])&BN_MASK2) == 0; j++) ;
+//             }
+//     }
+//
+//     It might as well be beneficial to implement even combaX
+//     variants, as it appears as it can literally unleash the
+//     performance (see comment section to bn_mul_comba8 below).
+//
+//     And finally for your reference the output for 0.9.6a compiled
+//     with SGIcc version 0.01.0-12 (keep in mind that for the moment
+//     of this writing it's not possible to convince SGIcc to use
+//     BN_UMULT_HIGH inline assembler macro, yet the code is fast,
+//     i.e. for a compiler generated one:-):
+//
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     rsa  512 bits   0.0022s   0.0002s    452.7   5894.3
+//     rsa 1024 bits   0.0097s   0.0005s    102.7   2002.9
+//     rsa 2048 bits   0.0578s   0.0017s     17.3    600.2
+//     rsa 4096 bits   0.3838s   0.0061s      2.6    164.5
+//                       sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
+//     dsa  512 bits   0.0018s   0.0022s    547.3    459.6
+//     dsa 1024 bits   0.0051s   0.0062s    196.6    161.3
+//
+//     Oh! Benchmarks were performed on 733MHz Lion-class Itanium
+//     system running Redhat Linux 7.1 (very special thanks to Ray
+//     McCaffity of Williams Communications for providing an account).
+//
+// Q.  What's the heck with 'rum 1<<5' at the end of every function?
+// A.  Well, by clearing the "upper FP registers written" bit of the
+//     User Mask I want to excuse the kernel from preserving upper
+//     (f32-f128) FP register bank over process context switch, thus
+//     minimizing bus bandwidth consumption during the switch (i.e.
+//     after PKI opration completes and the program is off doing
+//     something else like bulk symmetric encryption). Having said
+//     this, I also want to point out that it might be good idea
+//     to compile the whole toolkit (as well as majority of the
+//     programs for that matter) with -mfixed-range=f32-f127 command
+//     line option. No, it doesn't prevent the compiler from writing
+//     to upper bank, but at least discourages to do so. If you don't
+//     like the idea you have the option to compile the module with
+//     -Drum=nop.m in command line.
+//
+
+#if 1
+//
+// bn_[add|sub]_words routines.
+//
+// Loops are spinning in 2*(n+5) ticks on Itanuim (provided that the
+// data reside in L1 cache, i.e. 2 ticks away). It's possible to
+// compress the epilogue and get down to 2*n+6, but at the cost of
+// scalability (the neat feature of this implementation is that it
+// shall automagically spin in n+5 on "wider" IA-64 implementations:-)
+// I consider that the epilogue is short enough as it is to trade tiny
+// performance loss on Itanium for scalability.
+//
+// BN_ULONG bn_add_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, BN_ULONG *bp,int num)
+//
+.global        bn_add_words#
+.proc  bn_add_words#
+.align 64
+.space 32      // makes the loop body aligned at 64-byte boundary
+bn_add_words:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc           r2=ar.pfs,4,12,0,16
+       cmp4.le         p6,p0=r35,r0    };;
+{ .mfb mov             r8=r0                   // return value
+(p6)   br.ret.spnt.many        b0      };;
+
+       .save   ar.lc,r3
+{ .mib sub             r10=r35,r0,1
+       mov             r3=ar.lc
+       brp.loop.imp    .L_bn_add_words_ctop,.L_bn_add_words_cend-16
+                                       }
+       .body
+{ .mib mov             r14=r32                 // rp
+       mov             r9=pr           };;
+{ .mii mov             r15=r33                 // ap
+       mov             ar.lc=r10
+       mov             ar.ec=6         }
+{ .mib mov             r16=r34                 // bp
+       mov             pr.rot=1<<16    }
+
+.L_bn_add_words_ctop:  ;;
+{ .mii (p16)   ld8             r32=[r16],8       // b=*(bp++)
+       (p18)   add             r39=r37,r34
+       (p19)   cmp.ltu.unc     p56,p0=r40,r38  }
+{ .mfb (p0)    nop.m           0x0
+       (p0)    nop.f           0x0
+       (p0)    nop.b           0x0             }
+{ .mii (p16)   ld8             r35=[r15],8       // a=*(ap++)
+       (p58)   cmp.eq.or       p57,p0=-1,r41     // (p20)
+       (p58)   add             r41=1,r41       } // (p20)
+{ .mfb (p21)   st8             [r14]=r42,8       // *(rp++)=r
+       (p0)    nop.f           0x0
+       br.ctop.sptk    .L_bn_add_words_ctop    };;
+.L_bn_add_words_cend:
+
+{ .mii
+(p59)  add             r8=1,r8         // return value
+       mov             pr=r9,-1
+       mov             ar.lc=r3        }
+{ .mbb nop.b           0x0
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+.endp  bn_add_words#
+
+//
+// BN_ULONG bn_sub_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, BN_ULONG *bp,int num)
+//
+.global        bn_sub_words#
+.proc  bn_sub_words#
+.align 64
+.space 32      // makes the loop body aligned at 64-byte boundary
+bn_sub_words:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc           r2=ar.pfs,4,12,0,16
+       cmp4.le         p6,p0=r35,r0    };;
+{ .mfb mov             r8=r0                   // return value
+(p6)   br.ret.spnt.many        b0      };;
+
+       .save   ar.lc,r3
+{ .mib sub             r10=r35,r0,1
+       mov             r3=ar.lc
+       brp.loop.imp    .L_bn_sub_words_ctop,.L_bn_sub_words_cend-16
+                                       }
+       .body
+{ .mib mov             r14=r32                 // rp
+       mov             r9=pr           };;
+{ .mii mov             r15=r33                 // ap
+       mov             ar.lc=r10
+       mov             ar.ec=6         }
+{ .mib mov             r16=r34                 // bp
+       mov             pr.rot=1<<16    }
+
+.L_bn_sub_words_ctop:  ;;
+{ .mii (p16)   ld8             r32=[r16],8       // b=*(bp++)
+       (p18)   sub             r39=r37,r34
+       (p19)   cmp.gtu.unc     p56,p0=r40,r38  }
+{ .mfb (p0)    nop.m           0x0
+       (p0)    nop.f           0x0
+       (p0)    nop.b           0x0             }
+{ .mii (p16)   ld8             r35=[r15],8       // a=*(ap++)
+       (p58)   cmp.eq.or       p57,p0=0,r41      // (p20)
+       (p58)   add             r41=-1,r41      } // (p20)
+{ .mbb (p21)   st8             [r14]=r42,8       // *(rp++)=r
+       (p0)    nop.b           0x0
+       br.ctop.sptk    .L_bn_sub_words_ctop    };;
+.L_bn_sub_words_cend:
+
+{ .mii
+(p59)  add             r8=1,r8         // return value
+       mov             pr=r9,-1
+       mov             ar.lc=r3        }
+{ .mbb nop.b           0x0
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+.endp  bn_sub_words#
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#define XMA_TEMPTATION
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+//
+// BN_ULONG bn_mul_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, int num, BN_ULONG w)
+//
+.global        bn_mul_words#
+.proc  bn_mul_words#
+.align 64
+.space 32      // makes the loop body aligned at 64-byte boundary
+bn_mul_words:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+#ifdef XMA_TEMPTATION
+{ .mfi alloc           r2=ar.pfs,4,0,0,0       };;
+#else
+{ .mfi alloc           r2=ar.pfs,4,4,0,8       };;
+#endif
+{ .mib mov             r8=r0                   // return value
+       cmp4.le         p6,p0=r34,r0
+(p6)   br.ret.spnt.many        b0              };;
+
+       .save   ar.lc,r3
+{ .mii sub     r10=r34,r0,1
+       mov     r3=ar.lc
+       mov     r9=pr                   };;
+
+       .body
+{ .mib setf.sig        f8=r35  // w
+       mov             pr.rot=0x400001<<16
+                       // ------^----- serves as (p48) at first (p26)
+       brp.loop.imp    .L_bn_mul_words_ctop,.L_bn_mul_words_cend-16
+                                       }
+
+#ifndef XMA_TEMPTATION
+
+{ .mii mov             r14=r32 // rp
+       mov             r15=r33 // ap
+       mov             ar.lc=r10       }
+{ .mii mov             r39=0   // serves as r33 at first (p26)
+       mov             ar.ec=12        }
+
+// This loop spins in 2*(n+11) ticks. It's scheduled for data in L2
+// cache (i.e. 9 ticks away) as floating point load/store instructions
+// bypass L1 cache and L2 latency is actually best-case scenario for
+// ldf8. The loop is not scalable and shall run in 2*(n+11) even on
+// "wider" IA-64 implementations. It's a trade-off here. n+22 loop
+// would give us ~5% in *overall* performance improvement on "wider"
+// IA-64, but would hurt Itanium for about same because of longer
+// epilogue. As it's a matter of few percents in either case I've
+// chosen to trade the scalability for development time (you can see
+// this very instruction sequence in bn_mul_add_words loop which in
+// turn is scalable).
+.L_bn_mul_words_ctop:  ;;
+{ .mfi (p25)   getf.sig        r36=f49                 // low
+       (p21)   xmpy.lu         f45=f37,f8
+       (p27)   cmp.ltu         p52,p48=r39,r38 }
+{ .mfi (p16)   ldf8            f32=[r15],8
+       (p21)   xmpy.hu         f38=f37,f8
+       (p0)    nop.i           0x0             };;
+{ .mii (p26)   getf.sig        r32=f43                 // high
+       (p48)   add             r38=r37,r33             // (p26)
+       (p52)   add             r38=r37,r33,1   }       // (p26)
+{ .mfb (p27)   st8             [r14]=r39,8
+       (p0)    nop.f           0x0
+       br.ctop.sptk    .L_bn_mul_words_ctop    };;
+.L_bn_mul_words_cend:
+
+{ .mii nop.m           0x0
+(p49)  add             r8=r34,r0
+(p53)  add             r8=r34,r0,1     }
+{ .mfb nop.m   0x0
+       nop.f   0x0
+       nop.b   0x0                     }
+
+#else  // XMA_TEMPTATION
+
+       setf.sig        f37=r0  // serves as carry at (p18) tick
+       mov             ar.lc=r10
+       mov             ar.ec=5
+
+// Most of you examining this code very likely wonder why in the name
+// of Intel the following loop is commented out? Indeed, it looks so
+// neat that you find it hard to believe that it's something wrong
+// with it, right? The catch is that every iteration depends on the
+// result from previous one and the latter isn't available instantly.
+// The loop therefore spins at the latency of xma minus 1, or in other
+// words at 6*(n+4) ticks:-( Compare to the "production" loop above
+// that runs in 2*(n+11) where the low latency problem is worked around
+// by moving the dependency to one-tick latent interger ALU. Note that
+// "distance" between ldf8 and xma is not latency of ldf8, but the
+// *difference* between xma and ldf8 latencies.
+.L_bn_mul_words_ctop:  ;;
+{ .mfi (p16)   ldf8            f32=[r33],8
+       (p18)   xma.hu          f38=f34,f8,f39  }
+{ .mfb (p20)   stf8            [r32]=f37,8
+       (p18)   xma.lu          f35=f34,f8,f39
+       br.ctop.sptk    .L_bn_mul_words_ctop    };;
+.L_bn_mul_words_cend:
+
+       getf.sig        r8=f41          // the return value
+
+#endif // XMA_TEMPTATION
+
+{ .mii nop.m           0x0
+       mov             pr=r9,-1
+       mov             ar.lc=r3        }
+{ .mfb rum             1<<5            // clear um.mfh
+       nop.f           0x0
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+.endp  bn_mul_words#
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+//
+// BN_ULONG bn_mul_add_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, int num, BN_ULONG w)
+//
+.global        bn_mul_add_words#
+.proc  bn_mul_add_words#
+.align 64
+//.space       0       // makes the loop split at 64-byte boundary
+bn_mul_add_words:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc           r2=ar.pfs,4,12,0,16
+       cmp4.le         p6,p0=r34,r0    };;
+{ .mfb mov             r8=r0                   // return value
+(p6)   br.ret.spnt.many        b0      };;
+
+       .save   ar.lc,r3
+{ .mii sub     r10=r34,r0,1
+       mov     r3=ar.lc
+       mov     r9=pr                   };;
+
+       .body
+{ .mib setf.sig        f8=r35  // w
+       mov             pr.rot=0x400001<<16
+                       // ------^----- serves as (p48) at first (p26)
+       brp.loop.imp    .L_bn_mul_add_words_ctop,.L_bn_mul_add_words_cend-16
+                                       }
+{ .mii mov             r14=r32 // rp
+       mov             r15=r33 // ap
+       mov             ar.lc=r10       }
+{ .mii mov             r39=0   // serves as r33 at first (p26)
+       mov             r18=r32 // rp copy
+       mov             ar.ec=14        }
+
+// This loop spins in 3*(n+13) ticks on Itanium and should spin in
+// 2*(n+13) on "wider" IA-64 implementations (to be verified with new
+// ยต-architecture manuals as they become available). As usual it's
+// possible to compress the epilogue, down to 10 in this case, at the
+// cost of scalability. Compressed (and therefore non-scalable) loop
+// running at 3*(n+10) would buy you ~10% on Itanium but take ~35%
+// from "wider" IA-64 so let it be scalable! Special attention was
+// paid for having the loop body split at 64-byte boundary. ld8 is
+// scheduled for L1 cache as the data is more than likely there.
+// Indeed, bn_mul_words has put it there a moment ago:-)
+.L_bn_mul_add_words_ctop:      ;;
+{ .mfi (p25)   getf.sig        r36=f49                 // low
+       (p21)   xmpy.lu         f45=f37,f8
+       (p27)   cmp.ltu         p52,p48=r39,r38 }
+{ .mfi (p16)   ldf8            f32=[r15],8
+       (p21)   xmpy.hu         f38=f37,f8
+       (p27)   add             r43=r43,r39     };;
+{ .mii (p26)   getf.sig        r32=f43                 // high
+       (p48)   add             r38=r37,r33             // (p26)
+       (p52)   add             r38=r37,r33,1   }       // (p26)
+{ .mfb (p27)   cmp.ltu.unc     p56,p0=r43,r39
+       (p0)    nop.f           0x0
+       (p0)    nop.b           0x0             }
+{ .mii (p26)   ld8             r42=[r18],8
+       (p58)   cmp.eq.or       p57,p0=-1,r44
+       (p58)   add             r44=1,r44       }
+{ .mfb (p29)   st8             [r14]=r45,8
+       (p0)    nop.f           0x0
+       br.ctop.sptk    .L_bn_mul_add_words_ctop};;
+.L_bn_mul_add_words_cend:
+
+{ .mii nop.m           0x0
+(p51)  add             r8=r36,r0
+(p55)  add             r8=r36,r0,1     }
+{ .mfb nop.m   0x0
+       nop.f   0x0
+       nop.b   0x0                     };;
+{ .mii
+(p59)  add             r8=1,r8
+       mov             pr=r9,-1
+       mov             ar.lc=r3        }
+{ .mfb rum             1<<5            // clear um.mfh
+       nop.f           0x0
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+.endp  bn_mul_add_words#
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+//
+// void bn_sqr_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, int num)
+//
+.global        bn_sqr_words#
+.proc  bn_sqr_words#
+.align 64
+.space 32      // makes the loop body aligned at 64-byte boundary 
+bn_sqr_words:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc           r2=ar.pfs,3,0,0,0
+       sxt4            r34=r34         };;
+{ .mii cmp.le          p6,p0=r34,r0
+       mov             r8=r0           }       // return value
+{ .mfb nop.f           0x0
+(p6)   br.ret.spnt.many        b0      };;
+
+       .save   ar.lc,r3
+{ .mii sub     r10=r34,r0,1
+       mov     r3=ar.lc
+       mov     r9=pr                   };;
+
+       .body
+{ .mib
+       mov             pr.rot=1<<16
+       brp.loop.imp    .L_bn_sqr_words_ctop,.L_bn_sqr_words_cend-16
+                                       }
+{ .mii add             r34=8,r32
+       mov             ar.lc=r10
+       mov             ar.ec=18        }
+
+// 2*(n+17) on Itanium, (n+17) on "wider" IA-64 implementations. It's
+// possible to compress the epilogue (I'm getting tired to write this
+// comment over and over) and get down to 2*n+16 at the cost of
+// scalability. The decision will very likely be reconsidered after the
+// benchmark program is profiled. I.e. if perfomance gain on Itanium
+// will appear larger than loss on "wider" IA-64, then the loop should
+// be explicitely split and the epilogue compressed.
+.L_bn_sqr_words_ctop:  ;;
+{ .mfi (p16)   ldf8            f32=[r33],8
+       (p25)   xmpy.lu         f42=f41,f41
+       (p0)    nop.i           0x0             }
+{ .mib (p33)   stf8            [r32]=f50,16
+       (p0)    nop.i           0x0
+       (p0)    nop.b           0x0             }
+{ .mfi (p0)    nop.m           0x0
+       (p25)   xmpy.hu         f52=f41,f41
+       (p0)    nop.i           0x0             }
+{ .mib (p33)   stf8            [r34]=f60,16
+       (p0)    nop.i           0x0
+       br.ctop.sptk    .L_bn_sqr_words_ctop    };;
+.L_bn_sqr_words_cend:
+
+{ .mii nop.m           0x0
+       mov             pr=r9,-1
+       mov             ar.lc=r3        }
+{ .mfb rum             1<<5            // clear um.mfh
+       nop.f           0x0
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+.endp  bn_sqr_words#
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+// Apparently we win nothing by implementing special bn_mul_comba8.
+// Yes, it is possible to reduce the number of multiplications by
+// almost factor of two, but then the amount of additions would
+// increase by factor of two (as we would have to perform those
+// otherwise performed by xma ourselves). Normally we would trade
+// anyway as multiplications are way more expensive, but not this
+// time... Multiplication kernel is fully pipelined and as we drain
+// one 128-bit multiplication result per clock cycle multiplications
+// are effectively as inexpensive as additions. Special implementation
+// might become of interest for "wider" IA-64 implementation as you'll
+// be able to get through the multiplication phase faster (there won't
+// be any stall issues as discussed in the commentary section below and
+// you therefore will be able to employ all 4 FP units)... But these
+// Itanium days it's simply too hard to justify the effort so I just
+// drop down to bn_mul_comba8 code:-)
+//
+// void bn_sqr_comba8(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a)
+//
+.global        bn_sqr_comba8#
+.proc  bn_sqr_comba8#
+.align 64
+bn_sqr_comba8:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc   r2=ar.pfs,2,1,0,0
+       mov     r34=r33
+       add     r14=8,r33               };;
+       .body
+{ .mii add     r17=8,r34
+       add     r15=16,r33
+       add     r18=16,r34              }
+{ .mfb add     r16=24,r33
+       br      .L_cheat_entry_point8   };;
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+// I've estimated this routine to run in ~120 ticks, but in reality
+// (i.e. according to ar.itc) it takes ~160 ticks. Are those extra
+// cycles consumed for instructions fetch? Or did I misinterpret some
+// clause in Itanium ยต-architecture manual? Comments are welcomed and
+// highly appreciated.
+//
+// However! It should be noted that even 160 ticks is darn good result
+// as it's over 10 (yes, ten, spelled as t-e-n) times faster than the
+// C version (compiled with gcc with inline assembler). I really
+// kicked compiler's butt here, didn't I? Yeah! This brings us to the
+// following statement. It's damn shame that this routine isn't called
+// very often nowadays! According to the profiler most CPU time is
+// consumed by bn_mul_add_words called from BN_from_montgomery. In
+// order to estimate what we're missing, I've compared the performance
+// of this routine against "traditional" implementation, i.e. against
+// following routine:
+//
+// void bn_mul_comba8(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b)
+// {   r[ 8]=bn_mul_words(    &(r[0]),a,8,b[0]);
+//     r[ 9]=bn_mul_add_words(&(r[1]),a,8,b[1]);
+//     r[10]=bn_mul_add_words(&(r[2]),a,8,b[2]);
+//     r[11]=bn_mul_add_words(&(r[3]),a,8,b[3]);
+//     r[12]=bn_mul_add_words(&(r[4]),a,8,b[4]);
+//     r[13]=bn_mul_add_words(&(r[5]),a,8,b[5]);
+//     r[14]=bn_mul_add_words(&(r[6]),a,8,b[6]);
+//     r[15]=bn_mul_add_words(&(r[7]),a,8,b[7]);
+// }
+//
+// The one below is over 8 times faster than the one above:-( Even
+// more reasons to "combafy" bn_mul_add_mont...
+//
+// And yes, this routine really made me wish there were an optimizing
+// assembler! It also feels like it deserves a dedication.
+//
+//     To my wife for being there and to my kids...
+//
+// void bn_mul_comba8(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b)
+//
+#define        carry1  r14
+#define        carry2  r15
+#define        carry3  r34
+.global        bn_mul_comba8#
+.proc  bn_mul_comba8#
+.align 64
+bn_mul_comba8:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc   r2=ar.pfs,3,0,0,0
+       add     r14=8,r33
+       add     r17=8,r34               }
+       .body
+{ .mii add     r15=16,r33
+       add     r18=16,r34
+       add     r16=24,r33              };;
+.L_cheat_entry_point8:
+{ .mmi add     r19=24,r34
+
+       ldf8    f32=[r33],32            }
+
+{ .mmi ldf8    f120=[r34],32
+       ldf8    f121=[r17],32           };;
+{ .mmi ldf8    f122=[r18],32
+       ldf8    f123=[r19],32           }
+{ .mmi ldf8    f124=[r34]
+       ldf8    f125=[r17]              }
+{ .mmi ldf8    f126=[r18]
+       ldf8    f127=[r19]              }
+
+{ .mmi ldf8    f33=[r14],32
+       ldf8    f34=[r15],32            }
+{ .mmi ldf8    f35=[r16],32
+       ldf8    f36=[r33]               }
+{ .mmi ldf8    f37=[r14]
+       ldf8    f38=[r15]               }
+{ .mfi ldf8    f39=[r16]
+// -------\ Entering multiplier's heaven /-------
+// ------------\                    /------------
+// -----------------\          /-----------------
+// ----------------------\/----------------------
+               xma.hu  f41=f32,f120,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f40=f32,f120,f0         };; // (*)
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f51=f32,f121,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f50=f32,f121,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f61=f32,f122,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f60=f32,f122,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f71=f32,f123,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f70=f32,f123,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f81=f32,f124,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f80=f32,f124,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f91=f32,f125,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f90=f32,f125,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f101=f32,f126,f0        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f100=f32,f126,f0        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f111=f32,f127,f0        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f110=f32,f127,f0        };;;;
+// (*) You can argue that splitting at every second bundle would
+//     prevent "wider" IA-64 implementations from achieving the peak
+//     performance. Well, not really... The catch is that if you
+//     intend to keep 4 FP units busy by splitting at every fourth
+//     bundle and thus perform these 16 multiplications in 4 ticks,
+//     the first bundle *below* would stall because the result from
+//     the first xma bundle *above* won't be available for another 3
+//     ticks (if not more, being an optimist, I assume that "wider"
+//     implementation will have same latency:-). This stall will hold
+//     you back and the performance would be as if every second bundle
+//     were split *anyway*...
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r16=f40
+               xma.hu  f42=f33,f120,f41
+       add             r33=8,r32               }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f41=f33,f120,f41        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r24=f50
+               xma.hu  f52=f33,f121,f51        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f51=f33,f121,f51        };;
+{ .mfi st8             [r32]=r16,16
+               xma.hu  f62=f33,f122,f61        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f61=f33,f122,f61        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f72=f33,f123,f71        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f71=f33,f123,f71        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f82=f33,f124,f81        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f81=f33,f124,f81        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f92=f33,f125,f91        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f91=f33,f125,f91        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f102=f33,f126,f101      }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f101=f33,f126,f101      };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f112=f33,f127,f111      }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f111=f33,f127,f111      };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r25=f41
+               xma.hu  f43=f34,f120,f42        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f42=f34,f120,f42        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r16=f60
+               xma.hu  f53=f34,f121,f52        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f52=f34,f121,f52        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r17=f51
+               xma.hu  f63=f34,f122,f62
+       add             r25=r25,r24             }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f62=f34,f122,f62
+       mov             carry1=0                };;
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24
+               xma.hu  f73=f34,f123,f72        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f72=f34,f123,f72        };;
+{ .mfi st8             [r33]=r25,16
+               xma.hu  f83=f34,f124,f82
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f82=f34,f124,f82        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f93=f34,f125,f92        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f92=f34,f125,f92        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f103=f34,f126,f102      }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f102=f34,f126,f102      };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f113=f34,f127,f112      }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f112=f34,f127,f112      };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r18=f42
+               xma.hu  f44=f35,f120,f43
+       add             r17=r17,r16             }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f43=f35,f120,f43        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r24=f70
+               xma.hu  f54=f35,f121,f53        }
+{ .mfi mov             carry2=0
+               xma.lu  f53=f35,f121,f53        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r25=f61
+               xma.hu  f64=f35,f122,f63
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16           }
+{ .mfi add             r18=r18,r17
+               xma.lu  f63=f35,f122,f63        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r26=f52
+               xma.hu  f74=f35,f123,f73
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17
+               xma.lu  f73=f35,f123,f73
+       add             r18=r18,carry1          };;
+{ .mfi
+               xma.hu  f84=f35,f124,f83
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,carry1
+               xma.lu  f83=f35,f124,f83        };;
+{ .mfi st8             [r32]=r18,16
+               xma.hu  f94=f35,f125,f93
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f93=f35,f125,f93        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f104=f35,f126,f103      }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f103=f35,f126,f103      };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f114=f35,f127,f113      }
+{ .mfi mov             carry1=0
+               xma.lu  f113=f35,f127,f113
+       add             r25=r25,r24             };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r27=f43
+               xma.hu  f45=f36,f120,f44
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f44=f36,f120,f44        
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r16=f80
+               xma.hu  f55=f36,f121,f54
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f54=f36,f121,f54        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r17=f71
+               xma.hu  f65=f36,f122,f64
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f64=f36,f122,f64
+       add             r27=r27,r26             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r18=f62
+               xma.hu  f75=f36,f123,f74
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,r26
+               xma.lu  f74=f36,f123,f74
+       add             r27=r27,carry2          };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r19=f53
+               xma.hu  f85=f36,f124,f84
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f84=f36,f124,f84
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,carry2        };;
+{ .mfi st8             [r33]=r27,16
+               xma.hu  f95=f36,f125,f94
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f94=f36,f125,f94        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f105=f36,f126,f104      }
+{ .mfi mov             carry2=0
+               xma.lu  f104=f36,f126,f104
+       add             r17=r17,r16             };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f115=f36,f127,f114
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f114=f36,f127,f114
+       add             r18=r18,r17             };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r20=f44
+               xma.hu  f46=f37,f120,f45
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17
+               xma.lu  f45=f37,f120,f45
+       add             r19=r19,r18             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r24=f90
+               xma.hu  f56=f37,f121,f55        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f55=f37,f121,f55        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r25=f81
+               xma.hu  f66=f37,f122,f65
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,r18
+               xma.lu  f65=f37,f122,f65
+       add             r20=r20,r19             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r26=f72
+               xma.hu  f76=f37,f123,f75
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r20,r19
+               xma.lu  f75=f37,f123,f75
+       add             r20=r20,carry1          };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r27=f63
+               xma.hu  f86=f37,f124,f85
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f85=f37,f124,f85
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r20,carry1        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r28=f54
+               xma.hu  f96=f37,f125,f95
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi st8             [r32]=r20,16
+               xma.lu  f95=f37,f125,f95        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f106=f37,f126,f105      }
+{ .mfi mov             carry1=0
+               xma.lu  f105=f37,f126,f105
+       add             r25=r25,r24             };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f116=f37,f127,f115
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f115=f37,f127,f115
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r29=f45
+               xma.hu  f47=f38,f120,f46
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25
+               xma.lu  f46=f38,f120,f46
+       add             r27=r27,r26             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r16=f100
+               xma.hu  f57=f38,f121,f56
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,r26
+               xma.lu  f56=f38,f121,f56
+       add             r28=r28,r27             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r17=f91
+               xma.hu  f67=f38,f122,f66
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r28,r27
+               xma.lu  f66=f38,f122,f66
+       add             r29=r29,r28             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r18=f82
+               xma.hu  f77=f38,f123,f76
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r29,r28
+               xma.lu  f76=f38,f123,f76
+       add             r29=r29,carry2          };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r19=f73
+               xma.hu  f87=f38,f124,f86
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f86=f38,f124,f86
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r29,carry2        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r20=f64
+               xma.hu  f97=f38,f125,f96
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi st8             [r33]=r29,16
+               xma.lu  f96=f38,f125,f96        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r21=f55
+               xma.hu  f107=f38,f126,f106      }
+{ .mfi mov             carry2=0
+               xma.lu  f106=f38,f126,f106
+       add             r17=r17,r16             };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f117=f38,f127,f116
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f116=f38,f127,f116
+       add             r18=r18,r17             };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r22=f46
+               xma.hu  f48=f39,f120,f47
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17
+               xma.lu  f47=f39,f120,f47
+       add             r19=r19,r18             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r24=f110
+               xma.hu  f58=f39,f121,f57
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,r18
+               xma.lu  f57=f39,f121,f57
+       add             r20=r20,r19             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r25=f101
+               xma.hu  f68=f39,f122,f67
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r20,r19
+               xma.lu  f67=f39,f122,f67
+       add             r21=r21,r20             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r26=f92
+               xma.hu  f78=f39,f123,f77
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r21,r20
+               xma.lu  f77=f39,f123,f77
+       add             r22=r22,r21             };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r27=f83
+               xma.hu  f88=f39,f124,f87
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r22,r21
+               xma.lu  f87=f39,f124,f87
+       add             r22=r22,carry1          };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r28=f74
+               xma.hu  f98=f39,f125,f97
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f97=f39,f125,f97
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r22,carry1        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r29=f65
+               xma.hu  f108=f39,f126,f107
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         }
+{ .mfi st8             [r32]=r22,16
+               xma.lu  f107=f39,f126,f107      };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r30=f56
+               xma.hu  f118=f39,f127,f117      }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f117=f39,f127,f117      };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+// Leaving muliplier's heaven... Quite a ride, huh?
+
+{ .mii getf.sig        r31=f47
+       add             r25=r25,r24
+       mov             carry1=0                };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r16=f111
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r17=f102        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25
+       add             r27=r27,r26             };;
+{ .mfb nop.m   0x0                             }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,r26
+       add             r28=r28,r27             };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r18=f93
+               add             r17=r17,r16
+               mov             carry3=0        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r28,r27
+       add             r29=r29,r28             };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r19=f84
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16   }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r29,r28
+       add             r30=r30,r29             };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r20=f75
+               add             r18=r18,r17     }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r30,r29
+       add             r31=r31,r30             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r21=f66         }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17
+               add             r19=r19,r18     }
+{ .mfb nop.m   0x0                             }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r31,r30
+       add             r31=r31,carry2          };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r22=f57         }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,r18
+               add             r20=r20,r19     }
+{ .mfb nop.m   0x0                             }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r31,carry2        };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r23=f48         }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r20,r19
+               add             r21=r21,r20     }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfb st8             [r33]=r31,16            };;
+
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r24=f112                }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r21,r20
+               add             r22=r22,r21     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r25=f103                }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r22,r21
+               add             r23=r23,r22     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r26=f94                 }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r23,r22
+               add             r23=r23,carry1  };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r27=f85                 }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p8=r23,carry1};;
+{ .mii getf.sig        r28=f76
+       add             r25=r25,r24
+       mov             carry1=0                }
+{ .mii         st8             [r32]=r23,16
+       (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry3
+       (p8)    add             carry2=0,carry3 };;
+
+{ .mfb nop.m   0x0                             }
+{ .mii getf.sig        r29=f67
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r30=f58                 }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25
+       add             r27=r27,r26             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r16=f113        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,r26
+       add             r28=r28,r27             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r17=f104        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r28,r27
+       add             r29=r29,r28             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r18=f95         }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r29,r28
+       add             r30=r30,r29             };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r19=f86
+               add             r17=r17,r16
+               mov             carry3=0        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r30,r29
+       add             r30=r30,carry2          };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r20=f77
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16
+               add             r18=r18,r17     }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r30,carry2        };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r21=f68         }
+{ .mii st8             [r33]=r30,16
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         };;
+
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r24=f114                }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17
+               add             r19=r19,r18     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r25=f105                }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,r18
+               add             r20=r20,r19     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r26=f96                 }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r20,r19
+               add             r21=r21,r20     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r27=f87                 }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r21,r20
+               add             r21=r21,carry1  };;
+{ .mib getf.sig        r28=f78                 
+       add             r25=r25,r24             }
+{ .mib (p7)    add             carry3=1,carry3
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p8=r21,carry1};;
+{ .mii         st8             [r32]=r21,16
+       (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry3
+       (p8)    add             carry2=0,carry3 }
+
+{ .mii mov             carry1=0
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r16=f115        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25
+       add             r27=r27,r26             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r17=f106        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,r26
+       add             r28=r28,r27             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r18=f97         }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r28,r27
+       add             r28=r28,carry2          };;
+{ .mib         getf.sig        r19=f88
+               add             r17=r17,r16     }
+{ .mib
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r28,carry2        };;
+{ .mii st8             [r33]=r28,16
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+
+{ .mii         mov             carry2=0
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16
+               add             r18=r18,r17     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r24=f116                }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17
+               add             r19=r19,r18     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r25=f107                }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,r18
+               add             r19=r19,carry1  };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r26=f98                 }
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,carry1};;
+{ .mii         st8             [r32]=r19,16
+       (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2 }
+
+{ .mfb add             r25=r25,r24             };;
+
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r16=f117        }
+{ .mii mov             carry1=0
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;
+{ .mfb         getf.sig        r17=f108        }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25
+       add             r26=r26,carry2          };;
+{ .mfb nop.m   0x0                             }
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,carry2        };;
+{ .mii st8             [r33]=r26,16
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+
+{ .mfb         add             r17=r17,r16     };;
+{ .mfb getf.sig        r24=f118                }
+{ .mii         mov             carry2=0
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16
+               add             r17=r17,carry1  };;
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,carry1};;
+{ .mii         st8             [r32]=r17
+       (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2 };;
+{ .mfb add             r24=r24,carry2          };;
+{ .mib st8             [r33]=r24               }
+
+{ .mib rum             1<<5            // clear um.mfh
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+.endp  bn_mul_comba8#
+.endp  bn_sqr_comba8#
+#undef carry3
+#undef carry2
+#undef carry1
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+// It's possible to make it faster (see comment to bn_sqr_comba8), but
+// I reckon it doesn't worth the effort. Basically because the routine
+// (actually both of them) practically never called... So I just play
+// same trick as with bn_sqr_comba8.
+//
+// void bn_sqr_comba4(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a)
+//
+.global        bn_sqr_comba4#
+.proc  bn_sqr_comba4#
+.align 64
+bn_sqr_comba4:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc   r2=ar.pfs,2,1,0,0
+       mov     r34=r33
+       add     r14=8,r33               };;
+       .body
+{ .mii add     r17=8,r34
+       add     r15=16,r33
+       add     r18=16,r34              }
+{ .mfb add     r16=24,r33
+       br      .L_cheat_entry_point4   };;
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+// Runs in ~115 cycles and ~4.5 times faster than C. Well, whatever...
+//
+// void bn_mul_comba4(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b)
+//
+#define carry1 r14
+#define        carry2  r15
+.global        bn_mul_comba4#
+.proc  bn_mul_comba4#
+.align 64
+bn_mul_comba4:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+{ .mii alloc   r2=ar.pfs,3,0,0,0
+       add     r14=8,r33
+       add     r17=8,r34               }
+       .body
+{ .mii add     r15=16,r33
+       add     r18=16,r34
+       add     r16=24,r33              };;
+.L_cheat_entry_point4:
+{ .mmi add     r19=24,r34
+
+       ldf8    f32=[r33]               }
+
+{ .mmi ldf8    f120=[r34]
+       ldf8    f121=[r17]              };;
+{ .mmi ldf8    f122=[r18]
+       ldf8    f123=[r19]              }
+
+{ .mmi ldf8    f33=[r14]
+       ldf8    f34=[r15]               }
+{ .mfi ldf8    f35=[r16]
+
+               xma.hu  f41=f32,f120,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f40=f32,f120,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f51=f32,f121,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f50=f32,f121,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f61=f32,f122,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f60=f32,f122,f0         };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f71=f32,f123,f0         }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f70=f32,f123,f0         };;;;
+// Major stall takes place here, and 3 more places below. Result from
+// first xma is not available for another 3 ticks.
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r16=f40
+               xma.hu  f42=f33,f120,f41
+       add             r33=8,r32               }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f41=f33,f120,f41        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r24=f50
+               xma.hu  f52=f33,f121,f51        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f51=f33,f121,f51        };;
+{ .mfi st8             [r32]=r16,16
+               xma.hu  f62=f33,f122,f61        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f61=f33,f122,f61        };;
+{ .mfi         xma.hu  f72=f33,f123,f71        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f71=f33,f123,f71        };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r25=f41
+               xma.hu  f43=f34,f120,f42        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f42=f34,f120,f42        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r16=f60
+               xma.hu  f53=f34,f121,f52        }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f52=f34,f121,f52        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r17=f51
+               xma.hu  f63=f34,f122,f62
+       add             r25=r25,r24             }
+{ .mfi mov             carry1=0
+               xma.lu  f62=f34,f122,f62        };;
+{ .mfi st8             [r33]=r25,16
+               xma.hu  f73=f34,f123,f72
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f72=f34,f123,f72        };;;;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r18=f42
+               xma.hu  f44=f35,f120,f43
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+{ .mfi add             r17=r17,r16
+               xma.lu  f43=f35,f120,f43
+       mov             carry2=0                };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r24=f70
+               xma.hu  f54=f35,f121,f53
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f53=f35,f121,f53        };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r25=f61
+               xma.hu  f64=f35,f122,f63
+       add             r18=r18,r17             }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f63=f35,f122,f63
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         };;
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r26=f52
+               xma.hu  f74=f35,f123,f73
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17           }
+{ .mfi         xma.lu  f73=f35,f123,f73
+       add             r18=r18,carry1          };;
+//-------------------------------------------------//
+{ .mii st8             [r32]=r18,16
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2
+       cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,carry1        };;
+
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r27=f43 // last major stall
+(p7)   add             carry2=1,carry2         };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r16=f71
+       add             r25=r25,r24
+       mov             carry1=0                };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r17=f62 
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25
+       add             r27=r27,r26             };;
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,r26
+       add             r27=r27,carry2          };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r18=f53
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r27,carry2        };;
+{ .mfi st8             [r33]=r27,16
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r19=f44
+               add             r17=r17,r16
+               mov             carry2=0        };;
+{ .mii getf.sig        r24=f72
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16
+               add             r18=r18,r17     };;
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r18,r17
+               add             r19=r19,r18     };;
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,r18
+               add             r19=r19,carry1  };;
+{ .mii getf.sig        r25=f63
+       (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r19,carry1};;
+{ .mii         st8             [r32]=r19,16
+       (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2 }
+
+{ .mii getf.sig        r26=f54
+       add             r25=r25,r24
+       mov             carry1=0                };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r16=f73
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r25,r24
+       add             r26=r26,r25             };;
+{ .mii
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,r25
+       add             r26=r26,carry2          };;
+{ .mii         getf.sig        r17=f64
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1
+       cmp.ltu         p6,p0=r26,carry2        };;
+{ .mii st8             [r33]=r26,16
+(p6)   add             carry1=1,carry1         }
+
+{ .mii getf.sig        r24=f74
+               add             r17=r17,r16     
+               mov             carry2=0        };;
+{ .mii         cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,r16
+               add             r17=r17,carry1  };;
+
+{ .mii (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2
+               cmp.ltu         p7,p0=r17,carry1};;
+{ .mii         st8             [r32]=r17,16
+       (p7)    add             carry2=1,carry2 };;
+
+{ .mii add             r24=r24,carry2          };;
+{ .mii st8             [r33]=r24               }
+
+{ .mib rum             1<<5            // clear um.mfh
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+.endp  bn_mul_comba4#
+.endp  bn_sqr_comba4#
+#undef carry2
+#undef carry1
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+//
+// BN_ULONG bn_div_words(BN_ULONG h, BN_ULONG l, BN_ULONG d)
+//
+// In the nutshell it's a port of my MIPS III/IV implementation.
+//
+#define        AT      r14
+#define        H       r16
+#define        HH      r20
+#define        L       r17
+#define        D       r18
+#define        DH      r22
+#define        I       r21
+
+#define        cont    p16
+#define        break   p0      // p20
+#define        equ     p24
+.global        abort#
+.global        bn_div_words#
+.proc  bn_div_words#
+.align 64
+bn_div_words:
+       .prologue
+       .fframe 0
+       .save   ar.pfs,r2
+       .save   b0,r3
+{ .mii alloc           r2=ar.pfs,3,5,0,8
+       mov             r3=b0
+       mov             r10=pr          };;
+{ .mmb cmp.eq          p6,p0=r34,r0
+       mov             r8=-1
+(p6)   br.ret.spnt.many        b0      };;
+
+       .body
+{ .mii mov             H=r32           // save h
+       mov             ar.ec=0         // don't rotate at exit
+       mov             pr.rot=0        }
+{ .mii mov             L=r33           // save l
+       mov             r36=r0          }
+
+1:     ;;      // -vv- note signed comparison
+{ .mfi (p0)    cmp.lt          p16,p0=r0,r34   // d
+       (p0)    shladd          r33=r34,1,r0    }
+{ .mfb (p0)    add             r35=1,r36
+       (p0)    nop.f           0x0
+(p16)  br.wtop.dpnt            1b              };;
+
+{ .mii mov             D=r34
+       shr.u           DH=r34,32
+       sub             r35=64,r36              };;
+{ .mii setf.sig        f7=DH
+       shr.u           AT=H,r35
+       mov             I=r36                   };;
+{ .mib cmp.ne          p6,p0=r0,AT
+       shl             H=H,r36
+(p6)   br.call.spnt.clr        b0=abort        };;     // overflow, die...
+
+{ .mfi fcvt.xuf.s1     f7=f7
+       shr.u           AT=L,r35                };;
+{ .mii shl             L=L,r36
+       or              H=H,AT                  };;
+
+{ .mii nop.m           0x0
+       cmp.leu         p6,p0=D,H;;
+(p6)   sub             H=H,D                   }
+
+{ .mlx setf.sig        f14=D
+       movl            AT=0xffffffff           }
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+{ .mii setf.sig        f6=H
+       shr.u           HH=H,32;;
+       cmp.eq          p6,p7=HH,DH             };;
+{ .mfb
+(p6)   setf.sig        f8=AT
+(p7)   fcvt.xuf.s1     f6=f6
+(p7)   br.call.sptk    b6=.L_udiv64_32_b6      };;
+
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r33=f8                          // q
+       xmpy.lu         f9=f8,f14               }
+{ .mfi xmpy.hu         f10=f8,f14
+       shrp            H=H,L,32                };;
+
+{ .mmi getf.sig        r35=f9                          // tl
+       getf.sig        r31=f10                 };;     // th
+
+2:     ;;
+{ .mii (p0)    add             r32=-1,r33
+       (p0)    cmp.eq          equ,cont=HH,r31         };;
+{ .mii (p0)    cmp.ltu         p8,p0=r35,D
+       (p0)    sub             r34=r35,D
+       (equ)   cmp.leu         break,cont=r35,H        };;
+{ .mib (cont)  cmp.leu         cont,break=HH,r31
+       (p8)    add             r31=-1,r31
+(cont) br.wtop.spnt            2b                      };;
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+       shl             r8=r33,32
+       sub             H=H,r35
+       shl             L=L,32
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+{ .mii setf.sig        f6=H
+       shr.u           HH=H,32;;
+       cmp.eq          p6,p7=HH,DH             };;
+{ .mfb
+(p6)   setf.sig        f8=AT
+(p7)   fcvt.xuf.s1     f6=f6
+(p7)   br.call.sptk    b6=.L_udiv64_32_b6      };;
+
+{ .mfi getf.sig        r33=f8                          // q
+       xmpy.lu         f9=f8,f14               }
+{ .mfi xmpy.hu         f10=f8,f14
+       shrp            H=H,L,32                };;
+
+{ .mmi getf.sig        r35=f9                          // tl
+       getf.sig        r31=f10                 };;     // th
+
+2:     ;;
+{ .mii (p0)    add             r32=-1,r33
+       (p0)    cmp.eq          equ,cont=HH,r31         };;
+{ .mii (p0)    cmp.ltu         p8,p0=r35,D
+       (p0)    sub             r34=r35,D
+       (equ)   cmp.leu         break,cont=r35,H        };;
+{ .mib (cont)  cmp.leu         cont,break=HH,r31
+       (p8)    add             r31=-1,r31
+(cont) br.wtop.spnt            2b                      };;
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+{ .mii sub     H=H,r35
+       or      r8=r8,r33
+       mov     ar.pfs=r2               };;
+{ .mii shr.u   r9=H,I                  // remainder if anybody wants it
+       mov     pr=r10,-1               }
+{ .mfb br.ret.sptk.many        b0      };;
+
+// Unsigned 64 by 32 (well, by 64 for the moment) bit integer division
+// procedure.
+//
+// inputs:     f6 = double(a), f7 = double(b)
+// outputs:    f8 = a/b
+// clobbered:  f8,f9,f10,f11,PR
+#define        PR      p15
+// In the nutshell this procedure is Intel code and therefore is
+// copyrighted to Intel Corporation (I suppose...). It's sligtly
+// modified for specific needs.
+.align 32
+.space 16
+.L_udiv64_32_b6:
+       frcpa.s1        f8,PR=f6,f7;;           // [0]  y0 = 1 / b
+
+(PR)   fnma.s1         f9=f7,f8,f1             // [5]  e0 = 1 - b * y0
+(PR)   fmpy.s1         f10=f6,f8;;             // [5]  q0 = a * y0
+(PR)   fmpy.s1         f11=f9,f9               // [10] e1 = e0 * e0
+(PR)   fma.s1          f10=f9,f10,f10;;        // [10] q1 = q0 + e0 * q0
+(PR)   fma.s1          f8=f9,f8,f8     //;;    // [15] y1 = y0 + e0 * y0
+(PR)   fma.s1          f9=f11,f10,f10;;        // [15] q2 = q1 + e1 * q1
+(PR)   fma.s1          f8=f11,f8,f8    //;;    // [20] y2 = y1 + e1 * y1
+(PR)   fnma.s1         f10=f7,f9,f6;;          // [20] r2 = a - b * q2
+(PR)   fma.s1          f8=f10,f8,f9;;          // [25] q3 = q2 + r2 * y2
+
+       fcvt.fxu.trunc.s1       f8=f8           // [30] q = trunc(q3)
+       br.ret.sptk.many        b6;;
+.endp  bn_div_words#
+#endif