+#elif defined(__VMS)
+/*
+ * sys$filescan fills the given item list with pointers into the original
+ * path string, so all we need to do is to find the file name and simply
+ * put a NUL byte wherever the FSCN$_NAME pointer points. If there is no
+ * file name part and the path string isn't the empty string, we know for
+ * a fact that the whole string is a directory spec and return it as is.
+ * Otherwise or if that pointer is the starting address of the original
+ * path string, we know to return "sys$disk:[]", which corresponds to the
+ * Unixly ".".
+ *
+ * If sys$filescan returns an error status, we know that this is not
+ * parsable as a VMS file spec, and then use the fallback, in case we
+ * have a Unix type path.
+ */
+char *app_dirname(char *path)
+{
+ char *ret = "sys$disk:[]";
+ struct dsc$descriptor_s dsc_path = { 0 };
+ ile2 itemlist[] = {
+ {0, FSCN$_NAME, 0},
+ {0, 0, 0}
+ };
+ int fields;
+ int status;
+
+ dsc_path.dsc$a_pointer = path;
+ dsc_path.dsc$w_length = strlen(path);
+ status = sys$filescan(&dsc_path, itemlist, &fields, 0, 0);
+
+ if (!(status & 1))
+ return posix_dirname(path);
+
+ if ((fields & (1 << FSCN$_NAME)) == 0) {
+ if (dsc_path.dsc$w_length != 0)
+ ret = path;
+ } else if (itemlist[0].ile2$ps_bufaddr != path) {
+ if (itemlist[0].ile2$ps_bufaddr != path) {
+ *itemlist[0].ile2$ps_bufaddr = '\0';
+ ret = path;
+ }
+ }
+ return ret;
+}