Modernise the ERR functionality further (new functions and deprecations)

Modernise the ERR functionality further (new functions and deprecations)

ERR_func_error_string() essentially returns NULL, and since all
function codes are now removed for all intents and purposes, this
function has fallen out of use and cannot be modified to suit the
data, since its only function is to interpret an error code.

To compensate for the loss of error code, we instead provide new
functions that extracts the function name strings from an error
record:

- ERR_get_error_func()
- ERR_peek_error_func()
- ERR_peek_last_error_func()

Similarly, the once all encompasing functions
ERR_peek_last_error_line_data(), ERR_peek_error_line_data() and
ERR_get_error_line_data() lack the capability of getting the function
name string, so we deprecate those and add these functions to replace
them:

- ERR_get_error_all()
- ERR_peek_error_all()
- ERR_peek_last_error_all()

Finally, we adjust a few lines of code that used the now deprecated
functions.

Fixes #9756

Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/9756)