Fix weak digest in TLS 1.2 with SNI.

Fix weak digest in TLS 1.2 with SNI.

1ce95f19601bbc6bfd24092c76c8f8105124e857 was incomplete and did not
handle the case when SSL_set_SSL_CTX was called from the cert_cb
callback rather than the SNI callback. The consequence is any server
using OpenSSL 1.0.2 and the cert_cb callback for SNI only ever signs a
weak digest, SHA-1, even when connecting to clients which use secure
ones.

Fix this and add regression tests for both this and the original issue.

Fixes #4554.

Reviewed-by: Emilia Käsper <emilia@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/4577)