fs/fat: Improve error handling

fs/fat: Improve error handling

The FAT filesystem fails silently in inexplicable ways when given a
filesystem with a block-size that does not match the device sector size.
In theory this is not an unsupportable combination but requires a major
rewrite of a lot of the filesystem.  Until that occurs, the filesystem
should detect that scenario and display a helpful error message.

This scenario in particular occurred on a 512-byte blocksize FAT fs
stored in an El-Torito boot volume on a CD-ROM (2048-byte sector size).

Additionally, in many circumstances the ->block_read method will not
return a negative number to indicate an error but instead return 0 to
indicate the number of blocks successfully read (IE: None).

The FAT filesystem should defensively check to ensure that it got all of
the sectors that it asked for when reading.

Signed-off-by: Kyle Moffett <Kyle.D.Moffett@boeing.com>