-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [...]>
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [ ]>
<book id="BusyBoxDocumentation">
<bookinfo>
<title>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</title>
</para>
</chapter>
-
<chapter id="Syntax">
<title>How to use BusyBox</title>
- <sect1 id="How to use BusyBox">
- <title>Syntax</title
+ <sect1 id="How-to-use-BusyBox">
+ <title>Syntax</title>
<para>
<screen>
</para>
</sect1>
+ <sect1 id="Invoking-BusyBox">
+ <title>Invoking BusyBox</title>
- <sect1 id="Invoking BusyBox">
<para>
When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when
BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="Common options">
+ <sect1 id="Common-options">
+ <title>Common options</title>
+
<para>
Most BusyBox commands support the <emphasis>--help</emphasis> option to provide
a terse runtime description of their behavior.
<chapter id="Commands">
<title>BusyBox Commands</title>
- <sect1 id="Available BusyBox Commands">
+ <sect1 id="Available-BusyBox-Commands">
<title>Available BusyBox Commands</title>
<para>
Currently defined functions include:
</para>
<para>
- ar, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, cp, cut, date,
- dc, dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset,
- fdflush, find, free, freeramdisk, fsck.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt,
- head, hostid, hostname, id, init, insmod, kill, killall, length, ln,
- loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, mkdir,
- mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nc,
- nslookup, ping, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, reboot, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed,
- setkeycodes, sfdisk, sh, sleep, sort, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail,
- tar, tee, telnet, test, touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, update,
- uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, wc, which, whoami, yes, zcat, [
+ addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arping, ash, awk, basename,
+ bunzip2, busybox, bzcat, cal, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
+ chvt, clear, cmp, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cut, date, dc, dd,
+ deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg,
+ dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, dutmp, echo, egrep, env, expr,
+ false, fbset, fdflush, fdformat, fgrep, find, fold, free, freeramdisk,
+ fsck.minix, ftpget, ftpput, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip,
+ halt, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock,
+ id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, ip, ipcalc, iplink,
+ iproute, iptunnel, kill, killall, klogd, lash, length, linuxrc,
+ ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread,
+ losetup, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum, mesg, minit, mkdir, mkfifo,
+ mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, msh,
+ msvc, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nslookup, od, openvt, passwd,
+ patch, pidfilehack, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff,
+ printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, reboot, renice, reset,
+ rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, run-parts, sed, setkeycodes,
+ sha1sum, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, strings, stty, su, sulogin,
+ swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, telnetd,
+ test, tftp, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, udhcpc,
+ udhcpd, umount, uname, uncompress, uniq, unix2dos, unzip,
+ uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, watch,
+ watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, [
+
</para>
</sect1>
-
<sect1 id="ar">
<title>ar</title>
<para>
- Usage: ar [optxvV] archive [filenames]
+ Usage: ar [OPTION] archive [FILENAME]...
</para>
<para>
<para>
<screen>
- o preserve original dates
- p extract to stdout
- t list
- x extract
- v verbosely list files processed
+ o Preserve original dates
+ p Extract to stdout
+ t List
+ x Extract
+ v Verbosely list files processed
</screen>
</para>
</sect1>
-
-
-
<sect1 id="basename">
<title>basename</title>
<para>
</para>
<para>
- Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes
+ Strip directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes
any trailing SUFFIX.
</para>
</para>
</sect1>
-
<sect1 id="cat">
<title>cat</title>
<para>
- Usage: cat [FILE ...]
+ Usage: cat [FILE]...
</para>
<para>
- Concatenates <literal>FILE(s)</literal> and prints them to the standard
+ Concatenate <literal>FILE(s)</literal> and prints them to the standard
output.
</para>
110716.72 17.67
</screen>
</para>
-
</sect1>
-
-
<sect1 id="chgrp">
<title>chgrp</title>
- <para>
- Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
- </para>
+ Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
+ </para>
- <para>
- Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.
- </para>
+ Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.
+ </para>
- <para>
- Options:
- </para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- -R change files and directories recursively
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ -R Change files and directories recursively
+ </screen>
+ </para>
- <para>
- Example:
- </para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ls -l /tmp/foo
+ -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
+ $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
+ $ ls -l /tmp/foo
+ -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
+ </screen>
+ </para>
</sect1>
-
-
<sect1 id="chmod">
<title>chmod</title>
- <para>
- Usage: chmod [<emphasis>-R</emphasis>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
- </para>
+ Usage: chmod [<emphasis>-R</emphasis>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
+ </para>
- <para>
- Changes file access permissions for the specified
- <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories). Each MODE is defined by
- combining the letters for WHO has access to the file, an OPERATOR for
- selecting how the permissions should be changed, and a PERMISSION for
- <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories).
- </para>
+ Change file access permissions for the specified
+ <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories). Each MODE is defined by
+ combining the letters for WHO has access to the file, an OPERATOR for
+ selecting how the permissions should be changed, and a PERMISSION for
+ <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories).
+ </para>
- <para>
- WHO may be chosen from
- </para>
+ WHO may be chosen from
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- u User who owns the file
- g Users in the file's Group
- o Other users not in the file's group
- a All users
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ u User who owns the file
+ g Users in the file's Group
+ o Other users not in the file's group
+ a All users
+ </screen>
+ </para>
- <para>
- OPERATOR may be chosen from
- </para>
+ OPERATOR may be chosen from
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- + Add a permission
- - Remove a permission
- = Assign a permission
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ + Add a permission
+ - Remove a permission
+ = Assign a permission
+ </screen>
+ </para>
- <para>
- PERMISSION may be chosen from
- </para>
+ PERMISSION may be chosen from
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- r Read
- w Write
- x Execute (or access for directories)
- s Set user (or group) ID bit
- t Sticky bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ r Read
+ w Write
+ x Execute (or access for directories)
+ s Set user (or group) ID bit
+ t Sticky bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
- <para>
- Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three
- numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as
- </para>
+ Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three
+ numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- 4 Read
- 2 Write
- 1 Execute
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ 4 Read
+ 2 Write
+ 1 Execute
+ </screen>
+ </para>
- <para>
- An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify
- </para>
+ An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- 4 Set user ID
- 2 Set group ID
- 1 Sticky bit
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ 4 Set user ID
+ 2 Set group ID
+ 1 Sticky bit
+ </screen>
+ </para>
- <para>
- Options:
- </para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- -R Change files and directories recursively.
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ -R Change files and directories recursively.
+ </screen>
+ </para>
- <para>
- Example:
- </para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
- <para>
- <screen>
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
- $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
- </screen>
- </para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ls -l /tmp/foo
+ -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
+ $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
+ $ ls -l /tmp/foo
+ -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
+ $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
+ $ ls -l /tmp/foo
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
+ </screen>
+ </para>
</sect1>
-
-
<sect1 id="chown">
<title>chown</title>
</para>
<para>
- Changes the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
+ Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
</para>
<para>
<para>
<screen>
- -R Changes files and directories recursively
+ -R Change files and directories recursively
</screen>
</para>
</para>
</sect1>
-
-
<sect1 id="chroot">
<title>chroot</title>
<para>
</para>
</sect1>
-
<sect1 id="chvt">
<title>chvt</title>
<para>
</para>
<para>
- Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
+ Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
</para>
</sect1>
-
-
-
<sect1 id="clear">
<title>clear</title>
</para>
<para>
- Clears the screen.
+ Clear the screen.
</para>
</sect1>
-
<sect1 id="cp">
<title>cp</title>
</para>
<para>
- Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple <literal>SOURCE(s)</literal> to
+ Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple <literal>SOURCE(s)</literal> to
DIRECTORY.
</para>
<para>
<screen>
-a Same as -dpR
- -d Preserves links
- -p Preserves file attributes if possible
- -R Copies directories recursively
+ -d Preserve links
+ -p Preserve file attributes if possible
+ -R Copy directories recursively
</screen>
</para>
</sect1>
-
<sect1 id="cut">
<title>cut</title>
</para>
<para>
- Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.
+ Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.
</para>
<para>
-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
- -s Only output Lines if the include DELIM
+ -s Output only the lines containing delimiter
-f N Print only these fields
-n Ignored
</screen>
</para>
</sect1>
-
-
<sect1 id="date">
<title>date</title>
</para>
<para>
- Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date.
+ Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
</para>
<para>
<para>
<screen>
- -R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
- -s Sets time described by STRING
- -u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time
+ -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string
+ -s Set time described by STRING
+ -u Print or set Coordinated Universal Time
</screen>
</para>
</para>
</sect1>
+ <sect1 id="dc">
+ <title>dc</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dc [EXPRESSION]
+ </para>
-<!-- This is where I have stopped formatting stuff -->
+ <para>
+ This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the
+ following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor. If
+ no arguments are given, dc will process input from
+ stdin.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The behaviour of BusyBox/dc deviates (just a little ;-)
+ from GNU/dc, but this will be remedied in the future.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>dc
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ dc 2 2 +
+ 4
+ $ dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /
+ 16
+ $ dc 0 1 and
+ 0
+ $ dc 0 1 or
+ 1
+ $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
+ 64
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Usage: dc expression ...
+ <sect1 id="dd">
+ <title>dd</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dd [OPTION]...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Copy a file, converting and formatting according to
+ options.
+ </para>
-<para>
-This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the following operations: +,
--, /, *, and, or, not, eor. If no arguments are given, dc will process
-input from STDIN.
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
+ of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
+ bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
+ count=N Copy only N input blocks
+ skip=N Skip N input blocks
+ seek=N Skip N output blocks
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512),
+ or M (x1024^2).
+ </para>
-<para>
-The behaviour of BusyBox/dc deviates (just a little ;-) from GNU/dc, but
-this will be remedied in the future.
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
+ 4+0 records in
+ 4+0 records out
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="deallocvt">
+ <title>deallocvt</title>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Usage: deallocvt N
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="df">
+ <title>df</title>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ dc 2 2 +
- 4
- $ dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /
- 16
- $ dc 0 1 and
- 0
- $ dc 0 1 or
- 1
- $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
- 64
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Usage: df [FILE]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Print the filesystem space used and space available.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ df
+ Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
+ /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
+ /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
+ $ df /dev/sda3
+ Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
+ /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="dirname">
+ <title>dirname</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dirname NAME
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Strip non-directory suffix from NAME.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>dd
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ dirname /tmp/foo
+ /tmp
+ $ dirname /tmp/foo/
+ /tmp
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Usage: dd [if=name] [of=name] [bs=n] [count=n] [skip=n] [seek=n]
+ <sect1 id="dmesg">
+ <title>dmesg</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dmesg [OPTION]...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Print or control the kernel ring buffer.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Clear the ring buffer after printing
+ -n LEVEL Set the console logging level to LEVEL
+ -s BUFSIZE Query ring buffer using a buffer of BUFSIZE
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="dos2unix">
+ <title>dos2unix</title>
-<para>
-<screen>
- if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
- of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
- bs=n read and write n bytes at a time
- count=n copy only n input blocks
- skip=n skip n input blocks
- seek=n skip n output blocks
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dos2unix < dosfile > unixfile
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Converts a text file from dos format to unix format.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), or M (x1024^2)
+ <sect1 id="dpkg-deb">
+ <title>dpkg-deb</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dpkg-deb [OPTION] archive [directory]
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c List the contents of the filesystem tree archive portion of the package
+ -e Extracts the control information files from a package archive into the specified directory.
+ If no directory is specified then a subdirectory DEBIAN in the current directory is used.
+ -x Silently extracts the filesystem tree from a package archive into the specified directory.
+ -X Extracts the filesystem tree from a package archive into the specified directory, listing the files as it goes.
+ If required the specified directory (but not its parents) will be created.
+ </screen>
+ <para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
- 4+0 records in
- 4+0 records out
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ dpkg-deb -e ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb
+ dpkg-deb -x ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb ./unpack_dir
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="du">
+ <title>du</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Summarize the disk space used for each FILE or current
+ directory. Disk space printed in units of 1k (i.e.,
+ 1024 bytes).
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>deallocvt
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -l Count sizes many times if hard linked
+ -s Display only a total for each argument
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: deallocvt N
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ du
+ 16 ./CVS
+ 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
+ 80 ./kernel-patches
+ 12 ./tests/CVS
+ 36 ./tests
+ 12 ./scripts/CVS
+ 16 ./scripts
+ 12 ./docs/CVS
+ 104 ./docs
+ 2417 .
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="dumpkmap">
+ <title>dumpkmap</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dumpkmap
+ </para>
-<para>
-Deallocates unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
+ <para>
+ Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ dumpkmap < keymap
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="dutmp">
+ <title>dutmp</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: dutmp [FILE]
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or
+ stdin to stdout.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>df
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
+ 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
+ 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
+ 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
+ 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
+ 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
+ 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
+ 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <sect1 id="echo">
+ <title>echo</title>
-<para>
-Usage: df [filesystem ...]
+ <para>
+ Usage: echo [OPTION]... [ARG]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Print ARGs to stdout.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Prints the filesystem space used and space available.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -n Suppress trailing newline
+ -e Enable interpretation of escaped characters
+ -E Disable interpretation of escaped characters
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ echo "Erik is cool"
+ Erik is cool
+ $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
+ Erik
+ is
+ cool
+ $ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
+ Erik\nis\ncool
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <sect1 id="expr">
+ <title>expr</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: expr EXPRESSION
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ df
- Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
- /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
- $ df /dev/sda3
- Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ EXPRESSION may be:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
+ ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
+ ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
+ ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
+ ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
+ ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
+ ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
+ ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
+ ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
+ ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
+ ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
+ ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
+ ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
+ STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
+ match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
+ substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
+ index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
+ length STRING length of STRING
+ quote TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
+ keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
+ ( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
+ Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
+ lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
+ \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
+ of characters matched or 0.
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="false">
+ <title>false</title>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>dirname
+ <para>
+ Usage: false
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Return an exit code of FALSE (1).
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: dirname NAME
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ false
+ $ echo $?
+ 1
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="fbset">
+ <title>fbset</title>
-<para>
-Strip non-directory suffix from file name
+ <para>
+ Usage: fbset [OPTION]... [MODE]
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Show and modify frame buffer device settings.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -h Display option summary
+ -fb DEVICE Operate on DEVICE
+ -db FILE Use FILE for mode database
+ -g XRES YRES VXRES VYRES DEPTH Set all geometry parameters
+ -t PIXCLOCK LEFT RIGHT UPPER LOWER HSLEN VSLEN Set all timing parameters
+ -xres RES Set visible horizontal resolution
+ -yres RES Set visible vertical resolution
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ fbset
+ mode "1024x768-76"
+ # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
+ geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
+ timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
+ accel false
+ rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
+ endmode
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ dirname /tmp/foo
- /tmp
- $ dirname /tmp/foo/
- /tmp
-</screen>
+ <sect1 id="fdflush">
+ <title>fdflush</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: fdflush DEVICE
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change on DEVICE.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="find">
+ <title>find</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: find [PATH]... [EXPRESSION]
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default
+ PATH is the current directory; default EXPRESSION is
+ '-print'.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>dmesg
+ <para>
+ EXPRESSION may consist of:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -follow Dereference symbolic links
+ -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN
+ -type X Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
+ -perm PERMS Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN); or exactly (NNN)
+ -mtime TIME Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N); or exactly (N) days
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: dmesg [<emphasis>-c</emphasis>] [<emphasis>-n</emphasis> level] [<emphasis>-s</emphasis> bufsize]
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ find / -name /etc/passwd
+ /etc/passwd
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="free">
+ <title>free</title>
-<para>
-Print or controls the kernel ring buffer.
+ <para>
+ Usage: free
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Displays the amount of free and used system memory.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ free
+ total used free shared buffers
+ Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
+ Swap: 128516 8404 120112
+ Total: 386144 257128 129016
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="freeramdisk">
+ <title>freeramdisk</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>du
+ <para>
+ Free all memory used by the ramdisk DEVICE.
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="fsck.minix">
+ <title>fsck.minix</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: fsck.minix [OPTION]... DEVICE
+ </para>
-<para>
-Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is
-printed in units of 1k (i.e. 1024 bytes).
+ <para>
+ Perform a consistency check on the MINIX filesystem on
+ DEVICE.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -l List all filenames
+ -r Perform interactive repairs
+ -a Perform automatic repairs
+ -v Verbose
+ -s Output super-block information
+ -m Activate MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
+ -f Force file system check.
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="getopt">
+ <title>getopt</title>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Usage: getopt [OPTIONS]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Parse command options
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single -\n"
+ -l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized\n"
+ -n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported\n"
+ -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized\n"
+ -q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)\n"
+ -Q, --quiet-output No normal output\n"
+ -s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions\n"
+ -T, --test Test for getopt(1) version\n"
+ -u, --unqote Do not quote the output\n"
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -l count sizes many times if hard linked
- -s display only a total for each argument
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ cat getopt.test
+ #!/bin/sh
+ GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
+ -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"`
+ if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi
+ eval set -- "$GETOPT"
+ while true ; do
+ case $1 in
+ -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
+ -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
+ -c|--c-long)
+ case "$2" in
+ "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
+ *) echo "Option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ --) shift ; break ;;
+ *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
+ esac
+ done
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <sect1 id="grep">
+ <title>grep</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Search for PATTERN in each FILE or stdin.
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ./BusyBox du
- 16 ./CVS
- 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
- 80 ./kernel-patches
- 12 ./tests/CVS
- 36 ./tests
- 12 ./scripts/CVS
- 16 ./scripts
- 12 ./docs/CVS
- 104 ./docs
- 2417 .
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output
+ -i Ignore case distinctions
+ -n Print line number with output lines
+ -q Be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
+ -v Select non-matching lines
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ This version of grep matches full regular expressions.
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ grep root /etc/passwd
+ root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
+ $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
+ root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="gunzip">
+ <title>gunzip</title>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>dutmp
+ <para>
+ Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Uncompress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-').
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: dutmp [FILE]
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Write output to standard output
+ -t Test compressed file integrity
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or stdin to stdout.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
+ -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
+ $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
+ $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
+ -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="gzip">
+ <title>gzip</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Compress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-') with maximum
+ compression to FILE.gz (or stdout if FILE is '-').
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Write output to standard output
+ -d decompress
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
- 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
- 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
- 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
- 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
- 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
- 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
- 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
+ -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
+ $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
+ $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
+ -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="halt">
+ <title>halt</title>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Usage: halt
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Halt the system.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="head">
+ <title>head</title>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>echo
+ <para>
+ Usage: head [OPTION] FILE...
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
+ With more than one FILE, precede each with a header
+ giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -,
+ read standard input.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: echo [-neE] [ARG ...]
-
-
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Prints the specified ARGs to stdout
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
+ root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
+ daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <sect1 id="hostid">
+ <title>hostid</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: hostid
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current
+ machine. The 32-bit identifier is intended to be unique
+ among all UNIX systems in existence.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -n suppress trailing newline
- -e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
- -E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
-</screen>
+ <sect1 id="hostname">
+ <title>hostname</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: hostname [OPTION]... [HOSTNAME|-F FILE]
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a
+ hostname is given (or a file with the -F parameter), the
+ host name will be set.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -s Short
+ -i Addresses for the hostname
+ -d DNS domain name
+ -F, --file FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ echo "Erik is cool"
- Erik is cool
- $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
- Erik
- is
- cool
- $ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
- Erik\nis\ncool
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ hostname
+ slag
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="id">
+ <title>id</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: id [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Print information for USERNAME or the current user.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -g Print only the group ID
+ -u Print only the user ID
+ -n print a name instead of a number (with for -ug)
+ -r Print the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>false
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ id
+ uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Returns an exit code of FALSE (1)
+ <sect1 id="init">
+ <title>init</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: init
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Init is the parent of all processes.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ This version of init is designed to be run only by the
+ kernel.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The
+ runlevels field of the /etc/inittab file is completely
+ ignored by BusyBox init. If you want runlevels, use
+ sysvinit.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no
+ inittab is found, it has the following default behavior:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ false
- $ echo $?
- 1
-</screen>
+ <screen>
+ ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
+ ::askfirst:/bin/sh
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial
+ console, it will also run:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab
+ entry format is as follows:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>id</title>
+ <para>
+
+ WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
+ The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty
+ for the specified process to run on. The contents of this field
+ are appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this
+ field to be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange
+ results. If this field is left blank, the controlling tty is set
+ to the console. Also note that if BusyBox detects that a serial
+ console is in use, then only entries whose controlling tty is
+ either the serial console or /dev/null will be run. BusyBox init
+ does nothing with utmp. We don't need no stinkin' utmp.
+
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>runlevels</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The runlevels field is completely ignored.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>action</title>
+
+
+ <para>
+ Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,
+ once, and ctrlaltdel.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <para>
+ The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions
+ that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified
+ process exits.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Run only-once actions:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ 'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all
+ sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the
+ completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run.
+ 'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until
+ the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asyncronous,
+ therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'ctrlaltdel'
+ actions are run immediately before init causes the system to reboot
+ (unmounting filesystems with a 'ctrlaltdel' action is a very good
+ idea).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Run repeatedly actions:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ 'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process
+ started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts
+ it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from
+ respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like
+ respawn, except that before running the specified process it
+ displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console."
+ and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the
+ specified process.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an
+ error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are
+ run in the reverse order from how they appear in /etc/inittab.
+ </para>
+
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>process</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Specifies the process to be executed and its
+ command line.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2>
+ <title>Example /etc/inittab file</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
+ #
+ ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
+
+ # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
+ #
+ # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
+ ::askfirst:-/bin/sh
+ # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4
+ tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
+ tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
+ tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
+
+ # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
+ #
+ tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
+ tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6
+
+ # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
+ #
+ #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
+ #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
+ #
+ # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
+ #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2
+
+ # Stuff to do before rebooting
+ ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r
+ ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+ </sect1>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>fbset
+ <sect1 id="insmod">
+ <title>insmod</title>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: fbset [options] [mode]
+ <para>
+ Load MODULE into the kernel.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
+ -k Make module autoclean-able.
+ -v Verbose output
+ -x Do not export externs
+ -L Prevent simultaneous loads of the same module
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Show and modify frame buffer device settings
+ <sect1 id="kill">
+ <title>kill</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: kill [OPTION] PID...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
+ PID(s).
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -l List all signal names and numbers
+ -SIG Send signal SIG
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -h
- -fb
- -db
- -a
- -i
- -g
- -t
- -accel
- -hsync
- -vsync
- -laced
- -double
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ps | grep apache
+ 252 root root S [apache]
+ 263 www-data www-data S [apache]
+ 264 www-data www-data S [apache]
+ 265 www-data www-data S [apache]
+ 266 www-data www-data S [apache]
+ 267 www-data www-data S [apache]
+ $ kill 252
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="killall">
+ <title>killall</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: killall [OPTION] NAME...
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
+ NAME(s).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -l List all signal names and numbers
+ -SIG Send signal SIG
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ fbset
- mode "1024x768-76"
- # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
- geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
- timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
- accel false
- rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
- endmode
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ killall apache
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="length">
+ <title>length</title>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Usage: length STRING
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Print the length of STRING.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>fdflush
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ length "Hello"
+ 5
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <sect1 id="ln">
+ <title>ln</title>
-<para>
-Usage: fdflush device
+ <para>
+ Usage: ln [OPTION]... TARGET FILE|DIRECTORY
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Create a link named FILE or DIRECTORY to the specified
+ TARGET. You may use '--' to indicate that all following
+ arguments are non-options.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -s Make symbolic link instead of hard link
+ -f Remove existing destination file
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
+ $ ls -l /tmp/ls
+ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="loadfont">
+ <title>loadfont</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: loadfont
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Load a console font from stdin.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>find
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Usage: find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
+ <sect1 id="loadkmap">
+ <title>loadkmap</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: loadkmap
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is the current
-directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="logger">
+ <title>logger</title>
-<para>
-EXPRESSION may consist of:
+ <para>
+ Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log
+ stdin.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -follow Dereference symbolic links.
- -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
- -print print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout.
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -s Log to stderr as well as the system log
+ -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
+ -p Enter the message with the specified priority
+ This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ logger "hello"
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <sect1 id="logname">
+ <title>logname</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: logname
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Print the name of the current user.
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ find / -name /etc/passwd
- /etc/passwd
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ logname
+ root
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="logread">
+ <title>logread</title>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Usage: logread [OPTION]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer).
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>free
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -f Output data as the log grows.
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: free
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ logread
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="ls">
+ <title>ls</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+ </para>
-<para>
-Displays the amount of free and used system memory.
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Do not hide entries starting with .
+ -c With -l: show ctime (the time of last
+ modification of file status information)
+ -d List directory entries instead of contents
+ -e List both full date and full time
+ -l Use a long listing format
+ -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
+ -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
+ -u With -l: show access time (the time of last
+ access of the file)
+ -x List entries by lines instead of by columns
+ -A Do not list implied . and ..
+ -C List entries by columns
+ -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
+ -L list entries pointed to by symbolic links
+ -R List subdirectories recursively
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ free
- total used free shared buffers
- Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
- Swap: 128516 8404 120112
- Total: 386144 257128 129016
-</screen>
+ <sect1 id="lsmod">
+ <title>lsmod</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: lsmod
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ List currently loaded kernel modules.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="makedevs">
+ <title>makedevs</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: makedevsf NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Create a range of block or character special files.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>freeramdisk
+ <para>
+ TYPE may be:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ b Make a block (buffered) device
+ c or u Make a character (un-buffered) device
+ p Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE
+ <para>
+ FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create
+ the first device. LAST specifies the number of the last
+ item that should be created. If 's' is the last
+ argument, the base device is created as well.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
+ [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
+ $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
+ [creates hda,hda1-hda8]
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk.
+ <sect1 id="md5sum">
+ <title>md5sum</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: md5sum [OPTION]... FILE...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Print or check MD5 checksums.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -b Read files in binary mode
+ -c Check MD5 sums against given list
+ -t Read files in text mode (default)
+ -g Read a string
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ The following two options are useful only when verifying
+ checksums:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
+ -w Warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ md5sum busybox
+ 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
+ $ md5sum -c
+ 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
+ 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324002 busybox
+ md5sum: MD5 check failed for 'busybox'
+ ^D
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="mkdir">
+ <title>mkdir</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Create the DIRECTORY(s), if they do not already exist.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>fsck.minix
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -m Set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
+ -p No error if directory exists, make parent directories as needed
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: fsck.minix [<emphasis>-larvsmf</emphasis>] /dev/name
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ mkdir /tmp/foo
+ $ mkdir /tmp/foo
+ /tmp/foo: File exists
+ $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
+ /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
+ $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="mkfifo">
+ <title>mkfifo</title>
-<para>
-Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.
+ <para>
+ Usage: mkfifo [OPTION] NAME
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Create a named pipe (identical to 'mknod NAME p').
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-OPTIONS:
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -m MODE Create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="mkfs.minix">
+ <title>mkfs.minix</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mkfs.minix [OPTION]... NAME [BLOCKS]
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -l Lists all filenames
- -r Perform interactive repairs
- -a Perform automatic repairs
- -v verbose
- -s Outputs super-block information
- -m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
- -f Force file system check.
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Make a MINIX filesystem.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Check the device for bad blocks
+ -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
+ -i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
+ -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
+ -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="mknod">
+ <title>mknod</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mknod [OPTION]... NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>grep
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]...
+ <para>
+ TYPE may be:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ b Make a block (buffered) device
+ c or u Make a character (un-buffered) device
+ p Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
+ $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="mkswap">
+ <title>mkswap</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mkswap [OPTION]... DEVICE [BLOCKS]
+ </para>
-<para>
-OPTIONS:
+ <para>
+ Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Check for read-ability.
+ -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
+ -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
+ BLOCKS Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -h suppress the prefixing filename on output
- -i ignore case distinctions
- -n print line number with output lines
- -q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
- -v select non-matching lines
-</screen>
+ <sect1 id="mktemp">
+ <title>mktemp</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mktemp TEMPLATE
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Creates a temporary file with its name based on
+ TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e.,
+ /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).
+ </para>
-<para>
-This version of grep matches full regular expressions.
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
+ /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
+ $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
+ -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="more">
+ <title>more</title>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Usage: more [FILE]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Page through text one screenful at a time.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ grep root /etc/passwd
- root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
- $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
- root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ dmesg | more
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="mount">
+ <title>mount</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mount [OPTION]...
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ or: mount [OPTION]... DEVICE DIRECTORY
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Mount filesystems.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>gunzip
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Mount all filesystems in /etc/fstab
+ -o One of the many filesystem options listed below
+ -r Mount the filesystem read-only
+ -t TYPE Specify the filesystem type
+ -w Mount the filesystem read-write
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Options for use with the -o flag:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ async/sync Writes are asynchronous / synchronous
+ atime/noatime Enable / disable updates to inode access times
+ dev/nodev Allow / disallow use of special device files
+ exec/noexec Allow / disallow use of executable files
+ loop Mount a file via loop device
+ suid/nosuid Allow / disallow set-user-id-root programs
+ remount Remount a currently mounted filesystem
+ ro/rw Mount filesystem read-only / read-write
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ There are even more flags that are filesystem specific.
+ You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ mount
+ /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
+ proc on /proc type proc (rw)
+ devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
+ $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
+ $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="mt">
+ <title>mt</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mt [OPTION] OPCODE VALUE
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Control magnetic tape drive operation.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -f DEVICE Control DEVICE
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -c Write output to standard output
- -t Test compressed file integrity
-</screen>
+ <sect1 id="mv">
+ <title>mv</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: mv SOURCE DEST
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
- $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
-</screen>
+ <sect1 id="nc">
+ <title>nc</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: nc HOST PORT
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ or: nc -p PORT -l
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Open a pipe to HOST:PORT or listen for a connection on PORT.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>gzip
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
+ 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
+ help
+ 214-Commands supported:
+ 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
+ 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
+ quit
+ 221 foobar closing connection
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <sect1 id="nslookup">
+ <title>nslookup</title>
-<para>
-Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE
+ <para>
+ Usage: nslookup [HOST]
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given
+ HOST.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Compress FILE with maximum compression. When FILE is '-', reads standard
-input. Implies <emphasis>-c</emphasis>.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ nslookup localhost
+ Server: default
+ Address: default
+ Name: debian
+ Address: 127.0.0.1
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="ping">
+ <title>ping</title>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Usage: ping [OPTION]... HOST
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to HOST.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings
+ -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56)
+ -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start and when finished
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
- $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
- $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ping localhost
+ PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
+ 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
+ --- debian ping statistics ---
+ 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
+ round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="poweroff">
+ <title>poweroff</title>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Usage: poweroff
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Shut down the system, and request that the kernel turn
+ off power upon halting.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="printf">
+ <title>printf</title>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>halt
+ <para>
+ Usage: printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Format and print the given data in a manner similar to
+ the C printf command.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: halt
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
+ Val=5
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="ps">
+ <title>ps</title>
-<para>
-This command halts the system.
+ <para>
+ Usage: ps
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Report process status. This version of ps accepts no
+ options.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ps
+ PID Uid Gid State Command
+ 1 root root S init
+ 2 root root S [kflushd]
+ 3 root root S [kupdate]
+ 4 root root S [kpiod]
+ 5 root root S [kswapd]
+ 742 andersen andersen S [bash]
+ 743 andersen andersen S -bash
+ 745 root root S [getty]
+ 2990 andersen andersen R ps
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>head
+ <sect1 id="pwd">
+ <title>pwd</title>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: pwd
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: head [OPTION] [FILE]...
+ <para>
+ Print the full filename of the current working
+ directory.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ pwd
+ /root
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one
-FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or
-when FILE is -, read standard input.
+ <sect1 id="rdate">
+ <title>rdate</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: rdate [OPTION] HOST
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -s Set the system date and time (default).
+ -p Print the date and time.
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="reboot">
+ <title>reboot</title>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Usage: reboot
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Reboot the system.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="renice">
+ <title>renice</title>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Usage: renice priority pid [pid ...]
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range
+ from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0
+ (default priority) to -20 (almost nothing else ever gets to run).
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="reset">
+ <title>reset</title>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
- root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
- daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Usage: reset
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Resets the screen.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="rm">
+ <title>rm</title>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to
+ indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>hostid
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -i Always prompt before removing each destinations
+ -f Remove existing destinations, never prompt
+ -r or -R Remove the contents of directories recursively
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: hostid
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ rm -rf /tmp/foo
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="rmdir">
+ <title>rmdir</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: rmdir DIRECTORY...
+ </para>
-<para>
-Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current machine. The 32-bit
-identifier is intended to be unique among all UNIX systems in existence.
+ Remove DIRECTORY(s) if they are empty.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ rmdir /tmp/foo
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="rmmod">
+ <title>rmmod</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Unload MODULE(s) from the kernel.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>hostname
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Remove all unused modules (recursively)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: hostname [OPTION] {hostname | <emphasis>-F</emphasis> file}
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ rmmod tulip
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="run-parts">
+ <title>run-parts</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Usage: run-parts [-t] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Run a bunch of scripts in a directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -t Test only. It only print the file to be executed,
+ without execute them.
+ -a ARG Pass ARG as an a argument to the programs executed.
+ -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before executing the programs.
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
-<para>
-Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given (or a
-file with the <emphasis>-F</emphasis> parameter), the host name will be set.
+
+ <sect1 id="sed">
+ <title>sed</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: sed [OPTION]... SCRIPT [FILE]...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ ADDR [!] COMMAND
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ ADDR can be:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ NUMBER Match specified line number
+ $ Match last line
+ /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -s Short
- -i Addresses for the hostname
- -d DNS domain name
- -F FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ ! inverts the meaning of the match
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ COMMAND can be:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
+ which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
+ and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.
+ aTEXT
+ which appends TEXT after the pattern space
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ This version of sed matches full regular expressions.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -e Add the script to the commands to be executed
+ -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ hostname
- slag
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
+ bar
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="setkeycodes">
+ <title>setkeycodes</title>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
+ allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and
+ KEYCODE is given in decimal.
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>id
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ setkeycodes e030 127
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Print information for USERNAME or the current user
+ <sect1 id="sh">
+ <title>sh</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: sh
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ This command does not yet have proper documentation.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It
+ properly handles pipes, redirects, job control, can be
+ used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), and has a
+ sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does
+ not (yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need
+ things like ``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use
+ ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and
+ extremely small shell, this will do the job.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -g prints only the group ID
- -u prints only the user ID
- -r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)
-</screen>
+ <sect1 id="sleep">
+ <title>sleep</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: sleep N
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Pause for N seconds.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ sleep 2
+ [2 second delay results]
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="sort">
+ <title>sort</title>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ id
- uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Sort lines of text in FILE(s).
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -n Compare numerically
+ -r Reverse after sorting
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
+ a
+ b
+ c
+ d
+ e
+ f
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>init
+ <sect1 id="swapoff">
+ <title>swapoff</title>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [DEVICE]
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: init
+ <para>
+ Stop swapping virtual memory pages on DEVICE.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Init is the parent of all processes.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of the
-/etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want
-runlevels, use sysvinit.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, it
-has the following default behavior:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
- ::askfirst:/bin/sh
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also
-run:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as
-follows:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- <id>:
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
- The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
- the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are
- appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to
- be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this
- field is left blank, it is completely ignored. Also note that if
- BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then all entries
- containing non-empty id fields will _not_ be run. BusyBox init does
- nothing with utmp. We don't need no stinkin' utmp.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- <runlevels>:
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- The runlevels field is completely ignored.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- <action>:
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,
- once, and ctrlaltdel.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- askfirst acts just like respawn, but before running the specified
- process it displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this
- console." and then waits for the user to press enter before starting
- the specified process.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit
- an error message, and then go along with its business.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- <process>:
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example /etc/inittab file:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
- #
- ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
- #
- # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
- ::askfirst:/bin/sh
- # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2
- tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
- #
- tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
- tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
- #
- #ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
- #ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
- #
- # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
- #ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- # Stuff to do before rebooting
- ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r > /dev/null 2>&1
- ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a > /dev/null 2>&1
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>insmod
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
- -k Make module autoclean-able.
- -v verbose output
- -x do not export externs
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>kill
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: kill [<emphasis>-signal</emphasis>] process-id [process-id ...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
-<literal>process(es).</literal>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -l List all signal names and numbers.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ps | grep apache
- 252 root root S [apache]
- 263 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 264 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 265 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 266 www-data www-data S [apache]
- 267 www-data www-data S [apache]
- $ kill 252
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>killall
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: killall [<emphasis>-signal</emphasis>] process-name [process-name ...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
-<literal>process(es).</literal>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -l List all signal names and numbers.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ killall apache
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>length
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: length STRING
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Prints out the length of the specified STRING.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ length "Hello"
- 5
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>ln
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET You may
-use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -s make symbolic links instead of hard links
- -f remove existing destination files
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
- $ ls -l /tmp/ls
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>loadacm
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: loadacm
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Loads an acm from standard input.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>loadfont
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: loadfont
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Loads a console font from standard input.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>loadkmap
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: loadkmap
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>logger
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is '-', log stdin.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -s Log to stderr as well as the system log.
- -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
- -p Enter the message with the specified priority.
- This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ logger "hello"
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>logname
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: logname
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Print the name of the current user.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ logname
- root
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>ls
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: ls [<emphasis>-1acdelnpuxACFR</emphasis>] [filenames...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a do not hide entries starting with .
- -c with -l: show ctime (the time of last
- modification of file status information)
- -d list directory entries instead of contents
- -e list both full date and full time
- -l use a long listing format
- -n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
- -p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
- -u with -l: show access time (the time of last
- access of the file)
- -x list entries by lines instead of by columns
- -A do not list implied . and ..
- -C list entries by columns
- -F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
- -R list subdirectories recursively
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>lsmod
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: lsmod
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Shows a list of all currently loaded kernel modules.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>makedevs
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Creates a range of block or character special files
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-TYPEs include:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- b: Make a block (buffered) device.
- c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
- p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device.
-LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. If 's'
-is the last argument, the base device is created as well.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
- [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
- $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
- [creates hda,hda1-hda8]
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>md5sum
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: md5sum [OPTION] [file ...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Print or check MD5 checksums.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -b read files in binary mode
- -c check MD5 sums against given list
- -t read files in text mode (default)
- -g read a string
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -s don't output anything, status code shows success
- -w warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ md5sum busybox
- 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
- $ md5sum -c -
- 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
- busybox: OK
- ^D
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mkdir
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Create the <literal>DIRECTORY(ies),</literal> if they do not already exist
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
- -p no error if directory exists, make parent directories as needed
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ mkdir /tmp/foo
- $ mkdir /tmp/foo
- /tmp/foo: File exists
- $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
- /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
- $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mkfifo
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mkfs.minix
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mkfs.minix [<emphasis>-c</emphasis> | <emphasis>-l</emphasis> filename] [<emphasis>-nXX</emphasis>] [<emphasis>-iXX</emphasis>] /dev/name [blocks]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Make a MINIX filesystem.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-OPTIONS:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -c Check the device for bad blocks
- -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
- -i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
- -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
- -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mknod
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-TYPEs include: b: Make a block (buffered) device. c or u: Make a character
-(un-buffered) device. p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for
-named pipes.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
- $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mkswap
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mkswap [<emphasis>-c</emphasis>] [<emphasis>-v0</emphasis>|<emphasis>-v1</emphasis>] device [block-count]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -c Check for read-ability.
- -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
- -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
- block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mktemp
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mktemp [<emphasis>-q</emphasis>] TEMPLATE
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any
-name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
- /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
- $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
- -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>more
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: more [file ...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ dmesg | more
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mount
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mount [flags] mount [flags] device directory [<emphasis>-o</emphasis> options,more-options]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Flags:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a: Mount all file systems in fstab.
- -o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below.
- -r: Mount the filesystem read-only.
- -t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type.
- -w: Mount for reading and writing (default).
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options for use with the ``<emphasis>-o</emphasis>'' flag:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
- atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
- dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
- exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
- loop: Mounts a file via loop device.
- suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
- remount: Re-mount a currently-mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
- ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write.
- There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
- You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ mount
- /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
- proc on /proc type proc (rw)
- devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
- $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
- $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mt
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mt [<emphasis>-f</emphasis> device] opcode value
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Control magnetic tape drive operation
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>mv
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: mv SOURCE DEST
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move <literal>SOURCE(s)</literal> to DIRECTORY.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>nc
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: nc [IP] [port]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
- 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
- help
- 214-Commands supported:
- 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
- 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
- quit
- 221 foobar closing connection
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>nslookup
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: nslookup [HOST]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ nslookup localhost
- Server: default
- Address: default
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- Name: debian
- Address: 127.0.0.1
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>ping
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: ping [OPTION]... host
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings.
- -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).
- -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start
- and when finished.
-Example:
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ping localhost
- PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
- 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- --- debian ping statistics ---
- 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
- round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>poweroff
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Shuts down the system, and requests that the kernel turn off power upon
-halting.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>printf
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: printf format [argument...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Formats and prints the given data in a manner similar to the C printf
-command.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
- Val=5
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>ps
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: ps
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Report process status
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-This version of ps accepts no options.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ps
- PID Uid Gid State Command
- 1 root root S init
- 2 root root S [kflushd]
- 3 root root S [kupdate]
- 4 root root S [kpiod]
- 5 root root S [kswapd]
- 742 andersen andersen S [bash]
- 743 andersen andersen S -bash
- 745 root root S [getty]
- 2990 andersen andersen R ps
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>pwd
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Prints the full filename of the current working directory.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ pwd
- /root
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>reboot
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Instructs the kernel to reboot the system.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>rm
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Remove (unlink) the <literal>FILE(s).</literal> You may use '--' to
-indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -f remove existing destinations, never prompt
- -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ rm -rf /tmp/foo
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>rmdir
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Remove the <literal>DIRECTORY(ies),</literal> if they are empty.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- # rmdir /tmp/foo
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>rmmod
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ rmmod tulip
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sed
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: sed [<emphasis>-n</emphasis>] <emphasis>-e</emphasis> script [file...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- 'ADDR [!] COMMAND'
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- where address ADDR can be:
- NUMBER Match specified line number
- $ Match last line
- /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp
- (! inverts the meaning of the match)
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- and COMMAND can be:
- s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
- which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
- and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- aTEXT
- which appends TEXT after the pattern space
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -e add the script to the commands to be executed
- -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-This version of sed matches full regular expressions.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
- bar
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>setkeycodes
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual
-keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in
-decimal
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- # setkeycodes e030 127
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sfdisk
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: sfdisk [options] device ...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-device: something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-useful options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -s [or --show-size]: list size of a partition
- -c [or --id]: print or change partition Id
- -l [or --list]: list partitions of each device
- -d [or --dump]: idem, but in a format suitable for later input
- -i [or --increment]: number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0
- -uS, -uB, -uC, -uM: accept/report in units of sectors/blocks/cylinders/MB
- -T [or --list-types]:list the known partition types
- -D [or --DOS]: for DOS-compatibility: waste a little space
- -R [or --re-read]: make kernel reread partition table
- -N# : change only the partition with number #
- -n : do not actually write to disk
- -O file : save the sectors that will be overwritten to file
- -I file : restore these sectors again
- -v [or --version]: print version
- -? [or --help]: print this message
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-dangerous options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -g [or --show-geometry]: print the kernel's idea of the geometry
- -x [or --show-extended]: also list extended partitions on output
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- or expect descriptors for them on input
- -L [or --Linux]: do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux
- -q [or --quiet]: suppress warning messages
- You can override the detected geometry using:
- -C# [or --cylinders #]:set the number of cylinders to use
- -H# [or --heads #]: set the number of heads to use
- -S# [or --sectors #]: set the number of sectors to use
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-You can disable all consistency checking with:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -f [or --force]: do what I say, even if it is stupid
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sh
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: sh
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-This command does not yet have proper documentation.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes,
-redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh),
-and has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not
-(yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like
-``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use ash or bash. If you just need a
-very simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sleep
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: sleep N
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Pause for N seconds.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ sleep 2
- [2 second delay results]
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sort
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: sort [<emphasis>-n</emphasis>] [<emphasis>-r</emphasis>] [FILE]...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Sorts lines of text in the specified files
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
- a
- b
- c
- d
- e
- f
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>swapoff
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>swapon
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a Start swapping on all swap devices
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sync
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: sync
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>syslogd
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility. Note that this
-version of syslogd/klogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
- -n Run as a foreground process
- -K Do not start up the klogd process
- -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tail
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one
-FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or
-when FILE is -, read standard input.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of first 10
- -f Output data as the file grows. This version
- of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
- nameserver 10.0.0.1
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tar
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [<emphasis>--exclude</emphasis> File] [<emphasis>-f</emphasis> tarFile] [FILE] ...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. Note that this version of
-tar treats hard links as separate files.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Main operation mode:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- c create
- x extract
- t list
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-File selection:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
- O extract to stdout
- --exclude file to exclude
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Informative output:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- v verbosely list files processed
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
- $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tee
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
- $ cat /tmp/foo
- Hello
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>telnet
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: telnet host [port]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another computer
-over a network using the TELNET protocol.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>test, [
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code determined by
-the value of EXPRESSION.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ test 1 -eq 2
- $ echo $?
- 1
- $ test 1 -eq 1
- $ echo $?
- 0
- $ [ -d /etc ]
- $ echo $?
- 0
- $ [ -d /junk ]
- $ echo $?
- 1
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>touch
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: touch [<emphasis>-c</emphasis>] file [file ...]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected file[s].
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
- $ touch /tmp/foo
- $ ls -l /tmp/foo
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tr
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing
-to standard output.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -c take complement of STRING1
- -d delete input characters coded STRING1
- -s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
- hello world
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>true
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Returns an exit code of TRUE (0)
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ true
- $ echo $?
- 0
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tty
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: tty
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -s print nothing, only return an exit status
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ tty
- /dev/tty2
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>umount
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: umount [flags] filesystem|directory
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Flags:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a: Unmount all file systems
- -r: Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
- -f: Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
- -l: Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ umount /dev/hdc1
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uname
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: uname [OPTION]...
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as <emphasis>-s</emphasis>.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -a print all information
- -m the machine (hardware) type
- -n print the machine's network node hostname
- -r print the operating system release
- -s print the operating system name
- -p print the host processor type
- -v print the operating system version
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ uname -a
- Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uniq
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard
-input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
- a
- b
- c
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>update
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: update [options]
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Options:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- -S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
- -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
- -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uptime
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: uptime
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Tells how long the system has been running since boot.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ uptime
- 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
-
-
-</para>
-
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>usleep
-
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
-
-<para>
-Usage: usleep N
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Pauses for N microseconds.
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Example:
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ usleep 1000000
- [pauses for 1 second]
-</screen>
-
-
-</para>
-
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="swapon">
+ <title>swapon</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: swapon [OPTION] [DEVICE]
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uudecode
+ <para>
+ Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: uudecode [OPTION] [FILE]
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Start swapping on all swap devices
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="sync">
+ <title>sync</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: sync
+ </para>
-<para>
-Uudecode a uuencoded file
+ <para>
+ Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="syslogd">
+ <title>syslogd</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging
+ utility. Note that this version of syslogd/klogd ignores
+ /etc/syslog.conf.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
+ -n Run as a foreground process
+ -K Do not start up the klogd process
+ -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
+ -R HOST[:PORT] Log remotely to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
+ -L Log locally as well as network logging (default is network only)
+ -C [size(KiB)] Log to a circular buffer. Read this buffer using 'logread'
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -o FILE direct output to FILE
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ syslogd -R masterlog:514
+ $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="tail">
+ <title>tail</title>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
+ With more than one FILE, precede each with a header
+ giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -,
+ read stdin.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
- $ ls -l busybox
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of last 10
+ -f Output data as the file grows. This version
+ of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
+ nameserver 10.0.0.1
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <sect1 id="tar">
+ <title>tar</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: tar [MODE] [OPTION] [FILE]...
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uuencode
+ <para>
+ MODE may be chosen from
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ c Create
+ x Extract
+ t List
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ f FILE Use FILE for tarfile (or stdin if '-')
+ O Extract to stdout
+ exclude FILE File to exclude
+ v List files processed
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Uuencode a file.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+ $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="tee">
+ <title>tee</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Copy stdin to FILE(s), and also to stdout.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -m use base64 encoding as of RFC1521
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
+ Hello
+ $ cat /tmp/foo
+ Hello
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="telnet">
+ <title>telnet</title>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Usage: telnet HOST [PORT]
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Establish interactive communication with another
+ computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="test">
+ <title>test, [</title>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ uuencode busybox busybox
- begin 755 busybox
- M?T5,1@$!`0````````````(``P`!````L+@$"#0```!0N@,``````#0`(``&
- .....
- $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
- $
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Usage: test EXPRESSION
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ or: [ EXPRESSION ]
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Check file types and compare values returning an exit
+ code determined by the value of EXPRESSION.
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ test 1 -eq 2
+ $ echo $?
+ 1
+ $ test 1 -eq 1
+ $ echo $?
+ 0
+ $ [ -d /etc ]
+ $ echo $?
+ 0
+ $ [ -d /junk ]
+ $ echo $?
+ 1
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="touch">
+ <title>touch</title>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>wc
+ <para>
+ Usage: touch [OPTION]... FILE...
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Update the last-modified date on (or create) FILE(s).
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Do not create files
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more
-than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ls -l /tmp/foo
+ /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
+ $ touch /tmp/foo
+ $ ls -l /tmp/foo
+ -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="tr">
+ <title>tr</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: tr [OPTION]... STRING1 [STRING2]
+ </para>
-<para>
-Options:
+ <para>
+ Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from stdin,
+ writing to stdout.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Take complement of STRING1
+ -d Delete input characters coded STRING1
+ -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- -c print the byte counts
- -l print the newline counts
- -L print the length of the longest line
- -w print the word counts
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
+ hello world
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="true">
+ <title>true</title>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ Usage: true
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Return an exit code of TRUE (1).
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ wc /etc/passwd
- 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ true
+ $ echo $?
+ 0
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="tty">
+ <title>tty</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: tty
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Print the file name of the terminal connected to stdin.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -s Print nothing, only return an exit status
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>which
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ tty
+ /dev/tty2
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<para>
-Usage: which [COMMAND ...]
+ <sect1 id="umount">
+ <title>umount</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: umount [OPTION]... DEVICE|DIRECTORY
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
-<para>
-Locates a COMMAND.
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Unmount all file systems
+ -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
+ -f Force filesystem umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
+ -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ umount /dev/hdc1
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="uname">
+ <title>uname</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: uname [OPTION]...
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ which login
- /bin/login
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same
+ as -s.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -a Print all information
+ -m Print the machine (hardware) type
+ -n Print the machine's network node hostname
+ -r Print the operating system release
+ -s Print the operating system name
+ -p Print the host processor type
+ -v Print the operating system version
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ uname -a
+ Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="uniq">
+ <title>uniq</title>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>whoami
+ <para>
+ Usage: uniq [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
+ </para>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Discard all but one of successive identical lines from
+ INPUT (or stdin), writing to OUTPUT (or stdout).
+ </para>
-<para>
-Usage: whoami
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c prefix lines by the number of occurrences
+ -d only print duplicate lines
+ -u only print unique lines
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
+ a
+ b
+ c
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="unix2dos">
+ <title>unix2dos</title>
+ <para>
+ Usage: unix2dos < unixfile > dosfile
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Converts a text file from unix format to dos format.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Example:
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="unrpm">
+ <title>unrpm</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: unrpm < package.rpm | gzip -d | cpio -idmuv
+ </para>
-<para>
-<screen>
- $ whoami
- andersen
-</screen>
+ <para>
+ Extracts an rpm archive.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="update">
+ <title>update</title>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Usage: update [OPTION]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Periodically flush filesystem buffers.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>yes
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -S Force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
+ -s SECS Call sync this often (default 30)
+ -f SECS Flush some buffers this often (default 5)
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <sect1 id="uptime">
+ <title>uptime</title>
-<para>
-Usage: yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...
+ <para>
+ Usage: uptime
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Display how long the system has been running since boot.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified <literal>STRING(s),</literal>
-or `y'.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ uptime
+ 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="usleep">
+ <title>usleep</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: usleep N
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Pause for N microseconds.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ usleep 1000000
+ [pauses for 1 second]
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</listitem></varlistentry>
-<varlistentry><term><emphasis>zcat
+ <sect1 id="uudecode">
+ <title>uudecode</title>
-</emphasis></term>
-<listitem><para></para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: uudecode [OPTION] [FILE]
+ </para>
-<para>
-This is essentially an alias for invoking ``gunzip <emphasis>-c</emphasis>'', where it decompresses the file in question and send the output to
-stdout.
+ Uudecode a uuencoded file.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -o FILE Direct output to FILE
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-<para>
--------------------------------
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
+ $ ls -l busybox
+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="uuencode">
+ <title>uuencode</title>
-</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
+ <para>
+ Usage: uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] OUTFILE
+ </para>
-</sect1>
+ <para>
+ Uuencode a file.
+ </para>
-<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-6"><title>LIBC NSS
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</title>
-<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it -->
-<para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -m Use base64 encoding as of RFC1521
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of
-the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads
-system data, such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it
-Policy that it will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that
-make use of NSS. This allows you to run an embedded system without the need
-for installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_*
-libraries installed.
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ uuencode busybox busybox
+ begin 755 busybox
+ M?T5,1@$!`0````````````(``P`!````L+@$"#0```!0N@,``````#0`(``&
+ .....
+ $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
+ $
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="watchdog">
+ <title>watchdog</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: watchdog device
+ </para>
-<para>
-If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for
-authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will
-need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have
-enough space to install of that stuff on your system, then you probably
-want the full GNU utilities.
+ <para>
+ Periodically writes to watchdog device B<device>.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="wc">
+ <title>wc</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+ </para>
-</sect1>
+ <para>
+ Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a
+ total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no
+ FILE, read stdin.
+ </para>
-<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-7"><title>SEE ALSO
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-</title>
-<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it -->
-<para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -c Print the byte counts
+ -l Print the newline counts
+ -L Print the length of the longest line
+ -w Print the word counts
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-<para>
-<literal>textutils(1),</literal> <literal>shellutils(1),</literal> etc...
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ wc /etc/passwd
+ 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="which">
+ <title>which</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: which [COMMAND]...
+ </para>
-</sect1>
+ <para>
+ Locate COMMAND(s).
+ </para>
-<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-8"><title>MAINTAINER
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</title>
-<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it -->
-<para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ which login
+ /bin/login
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ <sect1 id="whoami">
+ <title>whoami</title>
-<para>
-Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com>
+ <para>
+ Usage: whoami
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Print the user name associated with the current
+ effective user id.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</sect1>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ whoami
+ andersen
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-9"><title>AUTHORS
+ <sect1 id="xargs">
+ <title>xargs</title>
-</title>
-<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it -->
-<para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Usage: xargs [OPTIONS] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input.
+ </para>
-<para>
-The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it
-or not.
+ Options:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -t Print the command just before it is run
+ </screen>
+ </para>
-</para>
-<para>
-Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ $ ls | xargs gzip
+ $ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="yes">
+ <title>yes</title>
-<para>
-John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>
+ <para>
+ Usage: yes [STRING]...
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s),
+ or `y'.
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
-</para>
+ <sect1 id="zcat">
+ <title>zcat</title>
-<para>
-Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
+ <para>
+ Usage: zcat [OPTION]... FILE
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Uncompress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-') to stdout.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Options:
+ </para>
-<para>
-Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ -t Test compressed file integrity
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Example:
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ <screen>
+ </screen>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ </chapter>
-<para>
-Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
+ <chapter id="LIBC-NSS">
+ <title>LIBC NSS</title>
+ <para>
+ GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
+ behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to
+ configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group
+ information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it will never use
+ NSS, and will never use libc calls that make use of NSS. This
+ allows you to run an embedded system without the need for
+ installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without /lib/libnss_*
+ libraries installed.
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for
+ authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox,
+ then you will need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are
+ though, that if you have enough space to install of that stuff
+ on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities.
+ </para>
+ </chapter>
-<para>
-Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
+ <chapter id="SEE-ALSO">
+ <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+ <para>
+ <literal>textutils(1),</literal>
+ <literal>shellutils(1),</literal>
+ etc...
+ </para>
+ </chapter>
-</para>
+ <chapter id="MAINTAINER">
+ <title>MAINTAINER</title>
-<para>
-John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
+ <para>
+ Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
+ </para>
+ </chapter>
+ <chapter id="AUTHORS">
+ <title>AUTHORS</title>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ The following people have made significant contributions to
+ BusyBox -- whether they know it or not.
+ </para>
-<para>
-Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>
+ <para>
+ Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com>
+ <para>
+ Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
+ <para>
+ Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
+ <para>
+ John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
+ <para>
+ Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>
+ </para>
-<para>
-Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
+ <para>
+ Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>
+ </para>
-</para>
+ <para>
+ Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
+ </para>
-</sect1>
+ <para>
+ Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
+ </para>
-</chapter>
+ <para>
+ Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
+ </para>
+ </chapter>
</book> <!-- End of the book -->
projects / oweals / busybox.git / blobdiff