strace of "sleep 1 | sleep 2" being run from interactive bash 3.0 Synopsis: get current signal mask install default handlers for GHLD QUIT TERM install common handler for HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT FPE BUS SEGV SYS PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM USR1 USR2 ignore QUIT install handler for INT ignore TERM install handler for INT ignore TSTP TTOU TTIN install handler for WINCH get pid, ppid block all signals unblock all signals get our pprocess group minidoc: Each process group is a member of a session and each process is a member of the session of which its process group is a member. Process groups are used for distribution of signals, and by terminals to arbitrate requests for their input: processes that have the same process group as the terminal are foreground and may read, while others will block with a signal if they attempt to read. These calls are thus used by programs (shells) to create process groups in implementing job control. The TIOCGPGRP and TIOCSPGRP calls described in termios(3) are used to get/set the process group of the control terminal. If a session has a controlling terminal, CLOCAL is not set and a hangup occurs, then the session leader is sent a SIGHUP. If the session leader exits, the SIGHUP signal will be sent to each process in the foreground process group of the controlling terminal. If the exit of the process causes a process group to become orphaned, and if any member of the newly-orphaned process group is stopped, then a SIGHUP signal followed by a SIGCONT signal will be sent to each process in the newly-orphaned process group. ... execve("/bin/sh", ["sh"], [/* 34 vars */]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGILL, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTRAP, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGABRT, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGFPE, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGBUS, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGSEGV, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGSYS, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGPIPE, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGXCPU, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGXFSZ, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGVTALRM, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGUSR1, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGUSR2, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {SIG_IGN}, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x807dc33, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 getpid() = 19473 getppid() = 19472 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 getpgrp() = 1865 dup(2) = 4 fcntl64(255, F_GETFD) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) dup2(4, 255) = 255 close(4) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCGPGRP, [1865]) = 0 getpid() = 19473 setpgid(0, 19473) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [19473]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 fcntl64(255, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {0x807c922, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_DFL}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 fcntl64(0, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) ... rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [19473]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x80ca5cd, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x807dc33, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 write(2, "sh-3.00# ", 9) = 9 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "s", 1) = 1 write(2, "s", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "l", 1) = 1 write(2, "l", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 ... rest of "sleep 1 | sleep 2" entered... rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "2", 1) = 1 write(2, "2", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 read(0, "\r", 1) = 1 write(2, "\n", 1) = 1 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP or TCSETSW, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {SIG_IGN}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x807dc33, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x80ca5cd, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0 pipe([4, 5]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT CHLD], [CHLD], 8) = 0 fork() = 19755 setpgid(19755, 19755) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 close(5) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT CHLD], [CHLD], 8) = 0 fork() = 19756 setpgid(19756, 19755) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 close(4) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [CHLD], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [19755]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [CHLD], 8) = 0 wait4(-1, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], WUNTRACED, NULL) = 19755 wait4(-1, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], WUNTRACED, NULL) = 19756 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [CHLD], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [19473]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [CHLD], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- wait4(-1, 0x77fc9c54, WNOHANG|WUNTRACED, NULL) = -1 ECHILD (No child processes) sigreturn() = ? (mask now []) rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, [], 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [19473]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [INT], [], 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x808f752, [HUP INT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM XCPU XFSZ VTALRM SYS], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {SIG_IGN}, {0x80ca530, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x80ca5cd, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x6ff7a4f8}, {0x807dc33, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 write(2, "sh-3.00# ", 9) = 9 getpid() = 19755 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 setpgid(19755, 19755) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [19755]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 close(4) = 0 dup2(5, 1) = 1 close(5) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {SIG_DFL}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {SIG_DFL}, {0x807c922, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 execve("/bin/sleep", ["sleep", "1"], [/* 34 vars */]) = 0 ... _exit(0) = ? getpid() = 19756 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTIN, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTTOU, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 setpgid(19756, 19755) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD TSTP TTIN TTOU], [], 8) = 0 ioctl(255, TIOCSPGRP, [19755]) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 dup2(4, 0) = 0 close(4) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {SIG_DFL}, {0x808f7d7, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {SIG_DFL}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {SIG_DFL}, {0x807c922, [], SA_RESTORER, 0x6ff7a4f8}, 8) = 0 execve("/bin/sleep", ["sleep", "2"], [/* 34 vars */]) = 0 ... _exit(0) = ?