1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system.
5 * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per
12 * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started.
14 * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks"
15 * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but
16 * it should work. Oh, well.
18 * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks
19 * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp)
21 * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c.
23 * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original
24 * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines..
26 * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil
27 * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu)
29 * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use
30 * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more.
31 * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu)
33 * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag.
34 * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu)
36 * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem
37 * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de)
39 * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted
40 * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs
41 * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
43 * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that
44 * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem.
45 * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
47 * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a
48 * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no)
50 * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks]
52 * -c for readability checking (SLOW!)
53 * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file.
54 * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30)
55 * -i for number of inodes
56 * -v for v2 filesystem
58 * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
59 * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
61 * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen <andersen@debian.org> --
62 * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one.
72 /* If debugging, store the very same times/uids/gids for image consistency */
78 # define CUR_TIME time(NULL)
79 # define GETUID getuid()
80 # define GETGID getgid()
84 MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS = 512,
85 TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS = 16,
88 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
91 enum { version2 = 0 };
94 static char *device_name;
95 static int dev_fd = -1;
96 static uint32_t total_blocks;
98 /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */
99 static int namelen = 30;
100 static int dirsize = 32;
101 static int magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
103 static char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE];
104 static char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];
105 static char boot_block_buffer[512];
106 static char *inode_buffer;
108 static char *inode_map;
109 static char *zone_map;
111 static int used_good_blocks;
112 static unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS];
113 static unsigned long req_nr_inodes;
115 static ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned div_roundup(unsigned size, unsigned n)
117 return (size + n-1) / n;
120 #define INODE_BUF1 (((struct minix1_inode*)inode_buffer) - 1)
121 #define INODE_BUF2 (((struct minix2_inode*)inode_buffer) - 1)
123 #define SB (*(struct minix_super_block*)super_block_buffer)
125 #define SB_INODES (SB.s_ninodes)
126 #define SB_IMAPS (SB.s_imap_blocks)
127 #define SB_ZMAPS (SB.s_zmap_blocks)
128 #define SB_FIRSTZONE (SB.s_firstdatazone)
129 #define SB_ZONE_SIZE (SB.s_log_zone_size)
130 #define SB_MAXSIZE (SB.s_max_size)
131 #define SB_MAGIC (SB.s_magic)
133 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
134 # define SB_ZONES (SB.s_nzones)
135 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK)
137 # define SB_ZONES (version2 ? SB.s_zones : SB.s_nzones)
138 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, \
139 version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK : MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK)
142 #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)
143 #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2 + SB_IMAPS + SB_ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS)
145 /* Before you ask "where they come from?": */
146 /* setbit/clrbit are supplied by sys/param.h */
148 static int minix_bit(const char* a, unsigned i)
150 return a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7));
153 static void minix_setbit(char *a, unsigned i)
157 static void minix_clrbit(char *a, unsigned i)
162 /* Note: do not assume 0/1, it is 0/nonzero */
163 #define zone_in_use(x) minix_bit(zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
164 /*#define inode_in_use(x) minix_bit(inode_map,(x))*/
166 #define mark_inode(x) minix_setbit(inode_map,(x))
167 #define unmark_inode(x) minix_clrbit(inode_map,(x))
168 #define mark_zone(x) minix_setbit(zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
169 #define unmark_zone(x) minix_clrbit(zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
172 # define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */
176 static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset)
180 if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
182 if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1)
187 static int count_blocks(int fd)
192 for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2)
195 while (low < high - 1) {
196 const int mid = (low + high) / 2;
198 if (valid_offset(fd, mid))
207 static int get_size(const char *file)
212 fd = xopen(file, O_RDWR);
213 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) {
218 size = count_blocks(fd);
223 static void write_tables(void)
225 /* Mark the super block valid. */
226 SB.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS;
227 SB.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS;
229 msg_eol = "seek to 0 failed";
230 xlseek(dev_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
232 msg_eol = "cannot clear boot sector";
233 xwrite(dev_fd, boot_block_buffer, 512);
235 msg_eol = "seek to BLOCK_SIZE failed";
236 xlseek(dev_fd, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
238 msg_eol = "cannot write superblock";
239 xwrite(dev_fd, super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
241 msg_eol = "cannot write inode map";
242 xwrite(dev_fd, inode_map, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
244 msg_eol = "cannot write zone map";
245 xwrite(dev_fd, zone_map, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
247 msg_eol = "cannot write inodes";
248 xwrite(dev_fd, inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
253 static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer)
255 xlseek(dev_fd, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
256 xwrite(dev_fd, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
259 static int get_free_block(void)
263 if (used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS)
264 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
265 if (used_good_blocks)
266 blk = good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks - 1] + 1;
269 while (blk < SB_ZONES && zone_in_use(blk))
272 bb_error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks");
273 good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks] = blk;
278 static void mark_good_blocks(void)
282 for (blk = 0; blk < used_good_blocks; blk++)
283 mark_zone(good_blocks_table[blk]);
286 static int next(int zone)
289 zone = SB_FIRSTZONE - 1;
290 while (++zone < SB_ZONES)
291 if (zone_in_use(zone))
296 static void make_bad_inode(void)
298 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_BAD_INO];
300 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
301 unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
302 unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
304 #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone))
308 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
310 /* BTW, setting this makes all images different */
311 /* it's harder to check for bugs then - diff isn't helpful :(... */
312 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
313 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
314 inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
316 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
317 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
321 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
322 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
323 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
328 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
329 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
330 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
331 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
332 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
333 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
334 for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) {
340 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
343 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
345 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
348 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
349 static void make_bad_inode2(void)
351 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_BAD_INO];
353 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
354 unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
355 unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
359 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
361 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
362 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
363 inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
365 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
366 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
370 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
371 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
372 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
377 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
378 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
379 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
380 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
381 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
382 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
383 for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
389 /* Could make triple indirect block here */
390 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
393 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
395 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
398 void make_bad_inode2(void);
401 static void make_root_inode(void)
403 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
405 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
406 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
408 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
410 inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize;
412 root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0';
413 root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0';
414 inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize;
416 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
417 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
419 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
420 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block);
423 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
424 static void make_root_inode2(void)
426 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
428 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
429 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
431 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
433 inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize;
435 root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0';
436 root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0';
437 inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize;
439 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
440 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
442 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
443 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block);
446 void make_root_inode2(void);
449 static void setup_tables(void)
451 unsigned long inodes;
452 unsigned norm_firstzone;
456 memset(super_block_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
457 memset(boot_block_buffer, 0, 512);
460 SB_MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024;
462 SB.s_zones = total_blocks;
464 SB.s_nzones = total_blocks;
466 /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */
467 if (req_nr_inodes == 0)
468 inodes = total_blocks / 3;
470 inodes = req_nr_inodes;
471 /* Round up inode count to fill block size */
473 inodes = (inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
474 ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
476 inodes = (inodes + MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
477 ~(MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
481 SB_IMAPS = div_roundup(SB_INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
483 /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown
484 * in infinite loop...
486 * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024
487 * mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs
489 /* This code is not insane: NORM_FIRSTZONE is not a constant,
490 * it is calculated from SB_INODES, SB_IMAPS and SB_ZMAPS */
494 norm_firstzone = NORM_FIRSTZONE;
495 sb_zmaps = div_roundup(total_blocks - norm_firstzone + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
496 if (SB_ZMAPS == sb_zmaps) goto got_it;
498 /* new SB_ZMAPS, need to recalc NORM_FIRSTZONE */
500 bb_error_msg_and_die("incompatible size/inode count, try different -i N");
503 SB_FIRSTZONE = norm_firstzone;
504 inode_map = xmalloc(SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
505 zone_map = xmalloc(SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
506 memset(inode_map, 0xff, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
507 memset(zone_map, 0xff, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
508 for (i = SB_FIRSTZONE; i < SB_ZONES; i++)
510 for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= SB_INODES; i++)
512 inode_buffer = xzalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
513 printf("%ld inodes\n", (long)SB_INODES);
514 printf("%ld blocks\n", (long)SB_ZONES);
515 printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", (long)SB_FIRSTZONE, (long)norm_firstzone);
516 printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << SB_ZONE_SIZE);
517 printf("Maxsize=%ld\n", (long)SB_MAXSIZE);
521 * Perform a test of a block; return the number of
524 static size_t do_check(char *buffer, size_t try, unsigned current_block)
528 /* Seek to the correct loc. */
529 msg_eol = "seek failed during testing of blocks";
530 xlseek(dev_fd, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
534 got = read(dev_fd, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);
537 try = ((size_t)got) / BLOCK_SIZE;
539 if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1))
540 fprintf(stderr, "Short read at block %u\n", current_block + try);
544 static unsigned currently_testing;
546 static void alarm_intr(int alnum)
548 if (currently_testing >= SB_ZONES)
550 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
552 if (!currently_testing)
554 printf("%d ...", currently_testing);
558 static void check_blocks(void)
561 /* buffer[] was the biggest static in entire bbox */
562 char *buffer = xmalloc(BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS);
564 currently_testing = 0;
565 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
567 while (currently_testing < SB_ZONES) {
568 msg_eol = "seek failed in check_blocks";
569 xlseek(dev_fd, currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
571 try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
572 if (currently_testing + try > SB_ZONES)
573 try = SB_ZONES - currently_testing;
574 got = do_check(buffer, try, currently_testing);
575 currently_testing += got;
578 if (currently_testing < SB_FIRSTZONE)
579 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");
580 mark_zone(currently_testing);
585 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", badblocks);
588 static void get_list_blocks(char *filename)
591 unsigned long blockno;
593 listfile = xfopen(filename, "r");
594 while (!feof(listfile)) {
595 fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno);
599 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", badblocks);
602 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv);
603 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv)
610 char *listfile = NULL;
612 if (INODE_SIZE1 * MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
613 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
614 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
615 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
616 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
619 opt = getopt32(argc, argv, "ci:l:n:v", &str_i, &listfile, &str_n);
622 if (opt & 2) req_nr_inodes = xatoul(str_i); // -i
625 namelen = xatoi_u(str_n);
626 if (namelen == 14) magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC;
627 else if (namelen == 30) magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
628 else bb_show_usage();
629 dirsize = namelen + 2;
631 if (opt & 0x10) { // -v
632 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
635 bb_error_msg_and_die("not compiled with minix v2 support");
639 device_name = *argv++;
643 total_blocks = xatou32(*argv);
645 total_blocks = get_size(device_name) / 1024;
647 if (total_blocks < 10)
648 bb_error_msg_and_die("must have at least 10 blocks");
651 magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2;
653 magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC;
654 } else if (total_blocks > 65535)
655 total_blocks = 65535;
657 /* Check if it is mounted */
658 mp = find_mount_point(device_name, NULL);
659 if (mp && strcmp(device_name, mp->mnt_fsname) == 0)
660 bb_error_msg_and_die("%s is mounted on %s; "
661 "refusing to make a filesystem",
662 device_name, mp->mnt_dir);
664 dev_fd = xopen(device_name, O_RDWR);
665 if (fstat(dev_fd, &statbuf) < 0)
666 bb_error_msg_and_die("cannot stat %s", device_name);
667 if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode))
668 opt &= ~1; // clear -c (check)
670 /* I don't know why someone has special code to prevent mkfs.minix
671 * on IDE devices. Why IDE but not SCSI, etc?... */
673 else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340)
675 bb_error_msg_and_die("will not try "
676 "to make filesystem on '%s'", device_name);
681 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".");
684 strcpy(tmp + 2, "..");
687 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks");
694 get_list_blocks(listfile);