1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system.
5 * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per
12 * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started.
14 * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks"
15 * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but
16 * it should work. Oh, well.
18 * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks
19 * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp)
21 * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c.
23 * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original
24 * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines..
26 * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil
27 * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu)
29 * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use
30 * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more.
31 * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu)
33 * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag.
34 * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu)
36 * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem
37 * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de)
39 * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted
40 * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs
41 * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
43 * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that
44 * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem.
45 * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
47 * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a
48 * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no)
50 * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks]
52 * -c for readability checking (SLOW!)
53 * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file.
54 * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30)
55 * -i for number of inodes
56 * -v for v2 filesystem
58 * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
59 * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
61 * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen <andersen@debian.org> --
62 * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one.
72 /* If debugging, store the very same times/uids/gids for image consistency */
78 # define CUR_TIME time(NULL)
79 # define GETUID getuid()
80 # define GETGID getgid()
84 MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS = 512,
85 TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS = 16,
88 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
89 enum { version2 = 0 };
96 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
98 #define version2 G.version2
101 uint32_t total_blocks;
109 int used_good_blocks;
110 unsigned long req_nr_inodes;
111 unsigned currently_testing;
114 char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE];
115 char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];
116 char boot_block_buffer[512];
117 unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS];
120 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
122 static ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned div_roundup(unsigned size, unsigned n)
124 return (size + n-1) / n;
127 #define INODE_BUF1 (((struct minix1_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1)
128 #define INODE_BUF2 (((struct minix2_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1)
130 #define SB (*(struct minix_super_block*)G.super_block_buffer)
132 #define SB_INODES (SB.s_ninodes)
133 #define SB_IMAPS (SB.s_imap_blocks)
134 #define SB_ZMAPS (SB.s_zmap_blocks)
135 #define SB_FIRSTZONE (SB.s_firstdatazone)
136 #define SB_ZONE_SIZE (SB.s_log_zone_size)
137 #define SB_MAXSIZE (SB.s_max_size)
138 #define SB_MAGIC (SB.s_magic)
140 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
141 # define SB_ZONES (SB.s_nzones)
142 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK)
144 # define SB_ZONES (version2 ? SB.s_zones : SB.s_nzones)
145 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, \
146 version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK : MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK)
149 #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)
150 #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2 + SB_IMAPS + SB_ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS)
152 /* Before you ask "where they come from?": */
153 /* setbit/clrbit are supplied by sys/param.h */
155 static int minix_bit(const char* a, unsigned i)
157 return a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7));
160 static void minix_setbit(char *a, unsigned i)
164 static void minix_clrbit(char *a, unsigned i)
169 /* Note: do not assume 0/1, it is 0/nonzero */
170 #define zone_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
171 /*#define inode_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.inode_map,(x))*/
173 #define mark_inode(x) minix_setbit(G.inode_map,(x))
174 #define unmark_inode(x) minix_clrbit(G.inode_map,(x))
175 #define mark_zone(x) minix_setbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
176 #define unmark_zone(x) minix_clrbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
179 # define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */
183 static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset)
187 if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
189 if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1)
194 static int count_blocks(int fd)
199 for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2)
202 while (low < high - 1) {
203 const int mid = (low + high) / 2;
205 if (valid_offset(fd, mid))
214 static int get_size(const char *file)
219 fd = xopen(file, O_RDWR);
220 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) {
225 size = count_blocks(fd);
230 static void write_tables(void)
232 /* Mark the super block valid. */
233 SB.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS;
234 SB.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS;
236 msg_eol = "seek to 0 failed";
237 xlseek(G.dev_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
239 msg_eol = "cannot clear boot sector";
240 xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.boot_block_buffer, 512);
242 msg_eol = "seek to BLOCK_SIZE failed";
243 xlseek(G.dev_fd, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
245 msg_eol = "cannot write superblock";
246 xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
248 msg_eol = "cannot write inode map";
249 xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.inode_map, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
251 msg_eol = "cannot write zone map";
252 xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.zone_map, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
254 msg_eol = "cannot write inodes";
255 xwrite(G.dev_fd, G.inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
260 static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer)
262 xlseek(G.dev_fd, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
263 xwrite(G.dev_fd, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
266 static int get_free_block(void)
270 if (G.used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS)
271 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
272 if (G.used_good_blocks)
273 blk = G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks - 1] + 1;
276 while (blk < SB_ZONES && zone_in_use(blk))
279 bb_error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks");
280 G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks] = blk;
281 G.used_good_blocks++;
285 static void mark_good_blocks(void)
289 for (blk = 0; blk < G.used_good_blocks; blk++)
290 mark_zone(G.good_blocks_table[blk]);
293 static int next(int zone)
296 zone = SB_FIRSTZONE - 1;
297 while (++zone < SB_ZONES)
298 if (zone_in_use(zone))
303 static void make_bad_inode(void)
305 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_BAD_INO];
307 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
308 unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
309 unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
311 #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone))
315 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
317 /* BTW, setting this makes all images different */
318 /* it's harder to check for bugs then - diff isn't helpful :(... */
319 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
320 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
321 inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
323 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
324 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
328 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
329 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
330 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
335 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
336 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
337 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
338 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
339 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
340 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
341 for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) {
347 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
350 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
352 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
355 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
356 static void make_bad_inode2(void)
358 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_BAD_INO];
360 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
361 unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
362 unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
366 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
368 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
369 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
370 inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
372 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
373 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
377 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
378 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
379 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
384 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
385 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
386 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
387 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
388 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
389 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
390 for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
396 /* Could make triple indirect block here */
397 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
400 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
402 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
405 void make_bad_inode2(void);
408 static void make_root_inode(void)
410 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
412 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
413 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
415 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
417 inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize;
419 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0';
420 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0';
421 inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize;
423 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
424 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
426 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
427 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block);
430 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
431 static void make_root_inode2(void)
433 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
435 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
436 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
438 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
440 inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize;
442 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0';
443 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0';
444 inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize;
446 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
447 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
449 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
450 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block);
453 void make_root_inode2(void);
457 * Perform a test of a block; return the number of
460 static size_t do_check(char *buffer, size_t try, unsigned current_block)
464 /* Seek to the correct loc. */
465 msg_eol = "seek failed during testing of blocks";
466 xlseek(G.dev_fd, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
470 got = read(G.dev_fd, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);
473 try = ((size_t)got) / BLOCK_SIZE;
475 if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1))
476 fprintf(stderr, "Short read at block %u\n", (unsigned)(current_block + try));
480 static void alarm_intr(int alnum)
482 if (G.currently_testing >= SB_ZONES)
484 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
486 if (!G.currently_testing)
488 printf("%d ...", G.currently_testing);
492 static void check_blocks(void)
495 /* buffer[] was the biggest static in entire bbox */
496 char *buffer = xmalloc(BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS);
498 G.currently_testing = 0;
499 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
501 while (G.currently_testing < SB_ZONES) {
502 msg_eol = "seek failed in check_blocks";
503 xlseek(G.dev_fd, G.currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
505 try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
506 if (G.currently_testing + try > SB_ZONES)
507 try = SB_ZONES - G.currently_testing;
508 got = do_check(buffer, try, G.currently_testing);
509 G.currently_testing += got;
512 if (G.currently_testing < SB_FIRSTZONE)
513 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");
514 mark_zone(G.currently_testing);
516 G.currently_testing++;
520 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks);
523 static void get_list_blocks(char *filename)
526 unsigned long blockno;
528 listfile = xfopen(filename, "r");
529 while (!feof(listfile)) {
530 fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno);
534 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks);
537 static void setup_tables(void)
539 unsigned long inodes;
540 unsigned norm_firstzone;
544 /* memset(G.super_block_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); */
545 /* memset(G.boot_block_buffer, 0, 512); */
548 SB_MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024;
550 SB.s_zones = G.total_blocks;
552 SB.s_nzones = G.total_blocks;
554 /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */
555 if (G.req_nr_inodes == 0)
556 inodes = G.total_blocks / 3;
558 inodes = G.req_nr_inodes;
559 /* Round up inode count to fill block size */
561 inodes = (inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
562 ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
564 inodes = (inodes + MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
565 ~(MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
569 SB_IMAPS = div_roundup(SB_INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
571 /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown
572 * in infinite loop...
574 * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024
575 * mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs
577 /* This code is not insane: NORM_FIRSTZONE is not a constant,
578 * it is calculated from SB_INODES, SB_IMAPS and SB_ZMAPS */
582 norm_firstzone = NORM_FIRSTZONE;
583 sb_zmaps = div_roundup(G.total_blocks - norm_firstzone + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
584 if (SB_ZMAPS == sb_zmaps) goto got_it;
586 /* new SB_ZMAPS, need to recalc NORM_FIRSTZONE */
588 bb_error_msg_and_die("incompatible size/inode count, try different -i N");
591 SB_FIRSTZONE = norm_firstzone;
592 G.inode_map = xmalloc(SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
593 G.zone_map = xmalloc(SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
594 memset(G.inode_map, 0xff, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
595 memset(G.zone_map, 0xff, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
596 for (i = SB_FIRSTZONE; i < SB_ZONES; i++)
598 for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= SB_INODES; i++)
600 G.inode_buffer = xzalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
601 printf("%ld inodes\n", (long)SB_INODES);
602 printf("%ld blocks\n", (long)SB_ZONES);
603 printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", (long)SB_FIRSTZONE, (long)norm_firstzone);
604 printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << SB_ZONE_SIZE);
605 printf("Maxsize=%ld\n", (long)SB_MAXSIZE);
608 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv);
609 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv)
616 char *listfile = NULL;
618 PTR_TO_GLOBALS = xzalloc(sizeof(G));
619 /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */
622 G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
624 if (INODE_SIZE1 * MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
625 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
626 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
627 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
628 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
631 opt = getopt32(argc, argv, "ci:l:n:v", &str_i, &listfile, &str_n);
634 if (opt & 2) G.req_nr_inodes = xatoul(str_i); // -i
637 G.namelen = xatoi_u(str_n);
638 if (G.namelen == 14) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC;
639 else if (G.namelen == 30) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
640 else bb_show_usage();
641 G.dirsize = G.namelen + 2;
643 if (opt & 0x10) { // -v
644 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
647 bb_error_msg_and_die("not compiled with minix v2 support");
651 G.device_name = *argv++;
655 G.total_blocks = xatou32(*argv);
657 G.total_blocks = get_size(G.device_name) / 1024;
659 if (G.total_blocks < 10)
660 bb_error_msg_and_die("must have at least 10 blocks");
663 G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2;
665 G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC;
666 } else if (G.total_blocks > 65535)
667 G.total_blocks = 65535;
669 /* Check if it is mounted */
670 mp = find_mount_point(G.device_name, NULL);
671 if (mp && strcmp(G.device_name, mp->mnt_fsname) == 0)
672 bb_error_msg_and_die("%s is mounted on %s; "
673 "refusing to make a filesystem",
674 G.device_name, mp->mnt_dir);
676 G.dev_fd = xopen(G.device_name, O_RDWR);
677 if (fstat(G.dev_fd, &statbuf) < 0)
678 bb_error_msg_and_die("cannot stat %s", G.device_name);
679 if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode))
680 opt &= ~1; // clear -c (check)
682 /* I don't know why someone has special code to prevent mkfs.minix
683 * on IDE devices. Why IDE but not SCSI, etc?... */
685 else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340)
687 bb_error_msg_and_die("will not try "
688 "to make filesystem on '%s'", G.device_name);
693 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".");
696 strcpy(tmp + 2, "..");
699 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks");
706 get_list_blocks(listfile);