1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system.
5 * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds.
7 * Licensed under GPLv2, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
13 * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started.
15 * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks"
16 * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but
17 * it should work. Oh, well.
19 * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks
20 * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp)
22 * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c.
24 * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original
25 * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines..
27 * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil
28 * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu)
30 * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use
31 * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more.
32 * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu)
34 * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag.
35 * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu)
37 * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem
38 * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de)
40 * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted
41 * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs
42 * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
44 * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that
45 * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem.
46 * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
48 * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a
49 * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no)
51 * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks]
53 * -c for readability checking (SLOW!)
54 * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file.
55 * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30)
56 * -i for number of inodes
57 * -v for v2 filesystem
59 * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
60 * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
62 * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen <andersen@debian.org> --
63 * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one.
65 //config:config MKFS_MINIX
66 //config: bool "mkfs_minix"
68 //config: select PLATFORM_LINUX
70 //config: The minix filesystem is a nice, small, compact, read-write filesystem
71 //config: with little overhead. If you wish to be able to create minix
72 //config: filesystems this utility will do the job for you.
74 //config:config FEATURE_MINIX2
75 //config: bool "Support Minix fs v2 (fsck_minix/mkfs_minix)"
77 //config: depends on FSCK_MINIX || MKFS_MINIX
79 //config: If you wish to be able to create version 2 minix filesystems, enable
80 //config: this. If you enabled 'mkfs_minix' then you almost certainly want to
81 //config: be using the version 2 filesystem support.
83 //applet:IF_MKFS_MINIX(APPLET_ODDNAME(mkfs.minix, mkfs_minix, BB_DIR_SBIN, BB_SUID_DROP, mkfs_minix))
85 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_MKFS_MINIX) += mkfs_minix.o
87 //usage:#define mkfs_minix_trivial_usage
88 //usage: "[-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]"
89 //usage:#define mkfs_minix_full_usage "\n\n"
90 //usage: "Make a MINIX filesystem\n"
91 //usage: "\n -c Check device for bad blocks"
92 //usage: "\n -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames"
93 //usage: "\n -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem"
94 //usage: "\n -l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE"
95 //usage: "\n -v Make version 2 filesystem"
102 /* Store the very same times/uids/gids for image consistency */
108 /* Was using this. Is it useful? NB: this will break testsuite */
109 # define CUR_TIME time(NULL)
110 # define GETUID getuid()
111 # define GETGID getgid()
115 MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS = 512,
116 TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS = 16,
119 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
120 enum { version2 = 0 };
126 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
128 #define version2 G.version2
131 uint32_t total_blocks;
139 int used_good_blocks;
140 unsigned long req_nr_inodes;
141 unsigned currently_testing;
143 char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE];
144 char superblock_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];
145 char boot_block_buffer[512];
146 unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS];
147 /* check_blocks(): buffer[] was the biggest static in entire bbox */
148 char check_blocks_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS];
150 unsigned short ind_block1[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
151 unsigned short dind_block1[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
152 unsigned long ind_block2[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
153 unsigned long dind_block2[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
155 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
156 #define INIT_G() do { \
157 SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(xzalloc(sizeof(G))); \
160 static ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned div_roundup(unsigned size, unsigned n)
162 return (size + n-1) / n;
165 #define INODE_BUF1 (((struct minix1_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1)
166 #define INODE_BUF2 (((struct minix2_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1)
168 #define SB (*(struct minix_superblock*)G.superblock_buffer)
170 #define SB_INODES (SB.s_ninodes)
171 #define SB_IMAPS (SB.s_imap_blocks)
172 #define SB_ZMAPS (SB.s_zmap_blocks)
173 #define SB_FIRSTZONE (SB.s_firstdatazone)
174 #define SB_ZONE_SIZE (SB.s_log_zone_size)
175 #define SB_MAXSIZE (SB.s_max_size)
176 #define SB_MAGIC (SB.s_magic)
178 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
179 # define SB_ZONES (SB.s_nzones)
180 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK)
182 # define SB_ZONES (version2 ? SB.s_zones : SB.s_nzones)
183 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, \
184 (version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK : MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK))
187 #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)
188 #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2 + SB_IMAPS + SB_ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS)
190 /* Before you ask "where they come from?": */
191 /* setbit/clrbit are supplied by sys/param.h */
193 static int minix_bit(const char* a, unsigned i)
195 return a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7));
198 static void minix_setbit(char *a, unsigned i)
202 static void minix_clrbit(char *a, unsigned i)
207 /* Note: do not assume 0/1, it is 0/nonzero */
208 #define zone_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
209 /*#define inode_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.inode_map,(x))*/
211 #define mark_inode(x) minix_setbit(G.inode_map,(x))
212 #define unmark_inode(x) minix_clrbit(G.inode_map,(x))
213 #define mark_zone(x) minix_setbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
214 #define unmark_zone(x) minix_clrbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
217 # define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */
220 static void write_tables(void)
222 /* Mark the superblock valid. */
223 SB.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS;
224 SB.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS;
226 msg_eol = "seek to 0 failed";
227 xlseek(dev_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
229 msg_eol = "can't clear boot sector";
230 xwrite(dev_fd, G.boot_block_buffer, 512);
232 msg_eol = "seek to BLOCK_SIZE failed";
233 xlseek(dev_fd, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
235 msg_eol = "can't write superblock";
236 xwrite(dev_fd, G.superblock_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
238 msg_eol = "can't write inode map";
239 xwrite(dev_fd, G.inode_map, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
241 msg_eol = "can't write zone map";
242 xwrite(dev_fd, G.zone_map, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
244 msg_eol = "can't write inodes";
245 xwrite(dev_fd, G.inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
250 static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer)
252 xlseek(dev_fd, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
253 xwrite(dev_fd, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
256 static int get_free_block(void)
260 if (G.used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS)
261 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
262 if (G.used_good_blocks)
263 blk = G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks - 1] + 1;
266 while (blk < SB_ZONES && zone_in_use(blk))
269 bb_error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks");
270 G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks] = blk;
271 G.used_good_blocks++;
275 static void mark_good_blocks(void)
279 for (blk = 0; blk < G.used_good_blocks; blk++)
280 mark_zone(G.good_blocks_table[blk]);
283 static int next(int zone)
286 zone = SB_FIRSTZONE - 1;
287 while (++zone < SB_ZONES)
288 if (zone_in_use(zone))
293 static void make_bad_inode(void)
295 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_BAD_INO];
297 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
298 /* moved to globals to reduce stack usage
299 unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
300 unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
302 #define ind_block (G.ind_block1)
303 #define dind_block (G.dind_block1)
305 #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone))
309 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
311 /* BTW, setting this makes all images different */
312 /* it's harder to check for bugs then - diff isn't helpful :(... */
313 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
314 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
315 inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
317 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
318 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
322 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
323 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
324 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
329 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
330 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
331 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
332 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
333 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
334 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
335 for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) {
341 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
344 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
346 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
351 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
352 static void make_bad_inode2(void)
354 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_BAD_INO];
356 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
357 /* moved to globals to reduce stack usage
358 unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
359 unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
361 #define ind_block (G.ind_block2)
362 #define dind_block (G.dind_block2)
366 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
368 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
369 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
370 inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
372 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
373 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
377 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
378 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
379 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
384 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
385 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
386 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
387 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
388 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
389 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
390 for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
396 /* Could make triple indirect block here */
397 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
400 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
402 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
407 void make_bad_inode2(void);
410 static void make_root_inode(void)
412 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
414 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
415 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
417 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
419 inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize;
421 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0';
422 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0';
423 inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize;
425 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
426 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
428 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
429 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block);
432 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
433 static void make_root_inode2(void)
435 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
437 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
438 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
440 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
442 inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize;
444 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0';
445 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0';
446 inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize;
448 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
449 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
451 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
452 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block);
455 void make_root_inode2(void);
459 * Perform a test of a block; return the number of
462 static size_t do_check(char *buffer, size_t try, unsigned current_block)
466 /* Seek to the correct loc. */
467 msg_eol = "seek failed during testing of blocks";
468 xlseek(dev_fd, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
472 got = read(dev_fd, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);
475 try = ((size_t)got) / BLOCK_SIZE;
477 if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1))
478 fprintf(stderr, "Short read at block %u\n", (unsigned)(current_block + try));
482 static void alarm_intr(int alnum UNUSED_PARAM)
484 if (G.currently_testing >= SB_ZONES)
486 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
488 if (!G.currently_testing)
490 printf("%d ...", G.currently_testing);
494 static void check_blocks(void)
498 G.currently_testing = 0;
499 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
501 while (G.currently_testing < SB_ZONES) {
502 msg_eol = "seek failed in check_blocks";
503 xlseek(dev_fd, G.currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
505 try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
506 if (G.currently_testing + try > SB_ZONES)
507 try = SB_ZONES - G.currently_testing;
508 got = do_check(G.check_blocks_buffer, try, G.currently_testing);
509 G.currently_testing += got;
512 if (G.currently_testing < SB_FIRSTZONE)
513 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");
514 mark_zone(G.currently_testing);
516 G.currently_testing++;
519 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks);
522 static void get_list_blocks(char *filename)
525 unsigned long blockno;
527 listfile = xfopen_for_read(filename);
528 while (!feof(listfile)) {
529 fscanf(listfile, "%lu\n", &blockno);
533 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks);
536 static void setup_tables(void)
538 unsigned long inodes;
539 unsigned norm_firstzone;
543 /* memset(G.superblock_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); */
544 /* memset(G.boot_block_buffer, 0, 512); */
547 SB_MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024;
549 SB.s_zones = G.total_blocks;
551 SB.s_nzones = G.total_blocks;
553 /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */
554 if (G.req_nr_inodes == 0)
555 inodes = G.total_blocks / 3;
557 inodes = G.req_nr_inodes;
558 /* Round up inode count to fill block size */
560 inodes = (inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
561 ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
563 inodes = (inodes + MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
564 ~(MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
568 SB_IMAPS = div_roundup(SB_INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
570 /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown
571 * in infinite loop...
573 * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024
574 * mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs
576 /* This code is not insane: NORM_FIRSTZONE is not a constant,
577 * it is calculated from SB_INODES, SB_IMAPS and SB_ZMAPS */
581 norm_firstzone = NORM_FIRSTZONE;
582 sb_zmaps = div_roundup(G.total_blocks - norm_firstzone + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
583 if (SB_ZMAPS == sb_zmaps) goto got_it;
585 /* new SB_ZMAPS, need to recalc NORM_FIRSTZONE */
587 bb_error_msg_and_die("incompatible size/inode count, try different -i N");
590 SB_FIRSTZONE = norm_firstzone;
591 G.inode_map = xmalloc(SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
592 G.zone_map = xmalloc(SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
593 memset(G.inode_map, 0xff, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
594 memset(G.zone_map, 0xff, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
595 for (i = SB_FIRSTZONE; i < SB_ZONES; i++)
597 for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= SB_INODES; i++)
599 G.inode_buffer = xzalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
600 printf("%lu inodes\n", (unsigned long)SB_INODES);
601 printf("%lu blocks\n", (unsigned long)SB_ZONES);
602 printf("Firstdatazone=%lu (%lu)\n", (unsigned long)SB_FIRSTZONE, (unsigned long)norm_firstzone);
603 printf("Zonesize=%u\n", BLOCK_SIZE << SB_ZONE_SIZE);
604 printf("Maxsize=%lu\n", (unsigned long)SB_MAXSIZE);
607 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
608 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
613 char *listfile = NULL;
616 /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */
619 G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
621 if (INODE_SIZE1 * MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
622 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
623 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
624 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
625 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
628 opt = getopt32(argv, "ci:l:n:+v", &str_i, &listfile, &G.namelen);
631 if (opt & 2) G.req_nr_inodes = xatoul(str_i); // -i
634 if (G.namelen == 14) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC;
635 else if (G.namelen == 30) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
636 else bb_show_usage();
637 G.dirsize = G.namelen + 2;
639 if (opt & 0x10) { // -v
640 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
643 bb_error_msg_and_die("not compiled with minix v2 support");
647 G.device_name = argv[0];
651 /* Check if it is mounted */
652 if (find_mount_point(G.device_name, 0))
653 bb_error_msg_and_die("can't format mounted filesystem");
655 xmove_fd(xopen(G.device_name, O_RDWR), dev_fd);
657 G.total_blocks = get_volume_size_in_bytes(dev_fd, argv[1], 1024, /*extend:*/ 1) / 1024;
659 if (G.total_blocks < 10)
660 bb_error_msg_and_die("must have at least 10 blocks");
663 G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2;
665 G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC;
666 } else if (G.total_blocks > 65535)
667 G.total_blocks = 65535;
670 xfstat(dev_fd, &statbuf, G.device_name);
672 if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode))
673 opt &= ~1; // clear -c (check)
675 /* I don't know why someone has special code to prevent mkfs.minix
676 * on IDE devices. Why IDE but not SCSI, etc?... */
677 else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340)
679 bb_error_msg_and_die("will not try "
680 "to make filesystem on '%s'", G.device_name);
685 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".");
688 strcpy(tmp + 2, "..");
691 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks");
698 get_list_blocks(listfile);