1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system.
5 * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per
12 * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started.
14 * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks"
15 * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but
16 * it should work. Oh, well.
18 * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks
19 * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp)
21 * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c.
23 * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original
24 * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines..
26 * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil
27 * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu)
29 * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use
30 * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more.
31 * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu)
33 * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag.
34 * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu)
36 * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem
37 * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de)
39 * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted
40 * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs
41 * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
43 * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that
44 * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem.
45 * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
47 * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a
48 * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no)
50 * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks]
52 * -c for readability checking (SLOW!)
53 * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file.
54 * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30)
55 * -i for number of inodes
56 * -v for v2 filesystem
58 * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
59 * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
61 * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen <andersen@debian.org> --
62 * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one.
75 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
76 #include <sys/param.h>
80 #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1
81 #define MINIX_LINK_MAX 250
82 #define MINIX2_LINK_MAX 65530
84 #define MINIX_I_MAP_SLOTS 8
85 #define MINIX_Z_MAP_SLOTS 64
86 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC 0x137F /* original minix fs */
87 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x138F /* minix fs, 30 char names */
88 #define MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC 0x2468 /* minix V2 fs */
89 #define MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x2478 /* minix V2 fs, 30 char names */
90 #define MINIX_VALID_FS 0x0001 /* Clean fs. */
91 #define MINIX_ERROR_FS 0x0002 /* fs has errors. */
93 #define MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix_inode)))
94 #define MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix2_inode)))
96 #define MINIX_V1 0x0001 /* original minix fs */
97 #define MINIX_V2 0x0002 /* minix V2 fs */
99 #define INODE_VERSION(inode) inode->i_sb->u.minix_sb.s_version
102 * This is the original minix inode layout on disk.
103 * Note the 8-bit gid and atime and ctime.
116 * The new minix inode has all the time entries, as well as
117 * long block numbers and a third indirect block (7+1+1+1
118 * instead of 7+1+1). Also, some previously 8-bit values are
119 * now 16-bit. The inode is now 64 bytes instead of 32.
121 struct minix2_inode {
134 * minix super-block data on disk
136 struct minix_super_block {
139 uint16_t s_imap_blocks;
140 uint16_t s_zmap_blocks;
141 uint16_t s_firstdatazone;
142 uint16_t s_log_zone_size;
149 struct minix_dir_entry {
154 #define NAME_MAX 255 /* # chars in a file name */
156 #define MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix_inode)))
158 #define MINIX_VALID_FS 0x0001 /* Clean fs. */
159 #define MINIX_ERROR_FS 0x0002 /* fs has errors. */
161 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC 0x137F /* original minix fs */
162 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x138F /* minix fs, 30 char names */
165 #define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */
173 #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1
174 #define MINIX_BAD_INO 2
176 #define TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS 16
177 #define MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS 512
179 #define UPPER(size,n) (((size)+((n)-1))/(n))
180 #define INODE_SIZE (sizeof(struct minix_inode))
181 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
182 #define INODE_SIZE2 (sizeof(struct minix2_inode))
183 #define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK \
184 : MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK))
186 #define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK))
188 #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)
190 #define BITS_PER_BLOCK (BLOCK_SIZE<<3)
192 static char *device_name;
194 static uint32_t BLOCKS;
196 static int badblocks;
197 static int namelen = 30; /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's
199 suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */
200 static int dirsize = 32;
201 static int magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2;
204 static char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE];
206 static char *inode_buffer;
208 #define Inode (((struct minix_inode *) inode_buffer)-1)
209 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
210 #define Inode2 (((struct minix2_inode *) inode_buffer)-1)
212 static char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];
213 static char boot_block_buffer[512];
215 #define Super (*(struct minix_super_block *)super_block_buffer)
216 #define INODES (Super.s_ninodes)
217 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
218 #define ZONES (version2 ? Super.s_zones : Super.s_nzones)
220 #define ZONES (Super.s_nzones)
222 #define IMAPS (Super.s_imap_blocks)
223 #define ZMAPS (Super.s_zmap_blocks)
224 #define FIRSTZONE (Super.s_firstdatazone)
225 #define ZONESIZE (Super.s_log_zone_size)
226 #define MAXSIZE (Super.s_max_size)
227 #define MAGIC (Super.s_magic)
228 #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2+IMAPS+ZMAPS+INODE_BLOCKS)
230 static char *inode_map;
231 static char *zone_map;
233 static unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS];
234 static int used_good_blocks;
235 static unsigned long req_nr_inodes;
237 static inline int bit(char * a,unsigned int i)
239 return (a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7))) != 0;
241 #define inode_in_use(x) (bit(inode_map,(x)))
242 #define zone_in_use(x) (bit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
244 #define mark_inode(x) (setbit(inode_map,(x)))
245 #define unmark_inode(x) (clrbit(inode_map,(x)))
247 #define mark_zone(x) (setbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
248 #define unmark_zone(x) (clrbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
251 * Check to make certain that our new filesystem won't be created on
252 * an already mounted partition. Code adapted from mke2fs, Copyright
253 * (C) 1994 Theodore Ts'o. Also licensed under GPL.
255 static inline void check_mount(void)
260 if ((f = setmntent(MOUNTED, "r")) == NULL)
262 while ((mnt = getmntent(f)) != NULL)
263 if (strcmp(device_name, mnt->mnt_fsname) == 0)
269 bb_error_msg_and_die("%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!", device_name);
272 static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset)
276 if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
278 if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1)
283 static inline int count_blocks(int fd)
288 for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2)
290 while (low < high - 1) {
291 const int mid = (low + high) / 2;
293 if (valid_offset(fd, mid))
302 static inline int get_size(const char *file)
307 fd = bb_xopen3(file, O_RDWR, 0);
308 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) {
313 size = count_blocks(fd);
318 static inline void write_tables(void)
320 /* Mark the super block valid. */
321 Super.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS;
322 Super.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS;
324 if (lseek(DEV, 0, SEEK_SET))
325 bb_error_msg_and_die("seek to boot block failed in write_tables");
326 if (512 != write(DEV, boot_block_buffer, 512))
327 bb_error_msg_and_die("unable to clear boot sector");
328 if (BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET))
329 bb_error_msg_and_die("seek failed in write_tables");
330 if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE))
331 bb_error_msg_and_die("unable to write super-block");
332 if (IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, inode_map, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE))
333 bb_error_msg_and_die("unable to write inode map");
334 if (ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, zone_map, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE))
335 bb_error_msg_and_die("unable to write zone map");
336 if (INODE_BUFFER_SIZE != write(DEV, inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE))
337 bb_error_msg_and_die("unable to write inodes");
341 static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer)
343 if (blk * BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET))
344 bb_error_msg_and_die("seek failed in write_block");
345 if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE))
346 bb_error_msg_and_die("write failed in write_block");
349 static int get_free_block(void)
353 if (used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS)
354 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
355 if (used_good_blocks)
356 blk = good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks - 1] + 1;
359 while (blk < ZONES && zone_in_use(blk))
362 bb_error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks");
363 good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks] = blk;
368 static inline void mark_good_blocks(void)
372 for (blk = 0; blk < used_good_blocks; blk++)
373 mark_zone(good_blocks_table[blk]);
376 static int next(int zone)
379 zone = FIRSTZONE - 1;
380 while (++zone < ZONES)
381 if (zone_in_use(zone))
386 static inline void make_bad_inode(void)
388 struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_BAD_INO];
390 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
391 unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
392 unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
394 #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone))
398 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
400 inode->i_time = time(NULL);
401 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
402 inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
404 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
405 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
409 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
410 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
411 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
416 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
417 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
418 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
419 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
420 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
421 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
422 for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) {
428 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
431 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
433 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
436 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
437 static inline void make_bad_inode2(void)
439 struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_BAD_INO];
441 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
442 unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
443 unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
447 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
449 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL);
450 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
451 inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
453 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
454 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
458 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
459 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
460 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
465 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
466 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
467 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
468 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
469 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
470 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
471 for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
477 /* Could make triple indirect block here */
478 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
481 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
483 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
487 static inline void make_root_inode(void)
489 struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
491 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
492 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
494 inode->i_time = time(NULL);
496 inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize;
498 root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0';
499 root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0';
500 inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize;
502 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
503 inode->i_uid = getuid();
505 inode->i_gid = getgid();
506 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block);
509 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
510 static inline void make_root_inode2(void)
512 struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
514 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
515 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
517 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL);
519 inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize;
521 root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0';
522 root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0';
523 inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize;
525 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
526 inode->i_uid = getuid();
528 inode->i_gid = getgid();
529 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block);
533 static inline void setup_tables(void)
536 unsigned long inodes;
538 memset(super_block_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
539 memset(boot_block_buffer, 0, 512);
542 MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024;
543 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
545 Super.s_zones = BLOCKS;
548 Super.s_nzones = BLOCKS;
550 /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */
551 if (req_nr_inodes == 0)
554 inodes = req_nr_inodes;
555 /* Round up inode count to fill block size */
556 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
558 inodes = ((inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
559 ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1));
562 inodes = ((inodes + MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
563 ~(MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1));
567 IMAPS = UPPER(INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
571 UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1,
572 BITS_PER_BLOCK) && i < 1000) {
574 UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1,
578 /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown
579 * in infinite loop...
581 * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024
582 * /sbin/mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs
585 bb_error_msg_and_die("unable to allocate buffers for maps");
587 FIRSTZONE = NORM_FIRSTZONE;
588 inode_map = xmalloc(IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
589 zone_map = xmalloc(ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
590 memset(inode_map, 0xff, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
591 memset(zone_map, 0xff, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
592 for (i = FIRSTZONE; i < ZONES; i++)
594 for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= INODES; i++)
596 inode_buffer = xmalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
597 memset(inode_buffer, 0, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
598 printf("%ld inodes\n", (long)INODES);
599 printf("%ld blocks\n", (long)ZONES);
600 printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", (long)FIRSTZONE, (long)NORM_FIRSTZONE);
601 printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << ZONESIZE);
602 printf("Maxsize=%ld\n\n", (long)MAXSIZE);
606 * Perform a test of a block; return the number of
607 * blocks readable/writable.
609 static inline long do_check(char *buffer, int try, unsigned int current_block)
613 /* Seek to the correct loc. */
614 if (lseek(DEV, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) !=
615 current_block * BLOCK_SIZE) {
616 bb_error_msg_and_die("seek failed during testing of blocks");
621 got = read(DEV, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);
624 if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1)) {
625 printf("Weird values in do_check: probably bugs\n");
631 static unsigned int currently_testing;
633 static void alarm_intr(int alnum)
635 if (currently_testing >= ZONES)
637 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
639 if (!currently_testing)
641 printf("%d ...", currently_testing);
645 static void check_blocks(void)
648 static char buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS];
650 currently_testing = 0;
651 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
653 while (currently_testing < ZONES) {
654 if (lseek(DEV, currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) !=
655 currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE)
656 bb_error_msg_and_die("seek failed in check_blocks");
657 try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
658 if (currently_testing + try > ZONES)
659 try = ZONES - currently_testing;
660 got = do_check(buffer, try, currently_testing);
661 currently_testing += got;
664 if (currently_testing < FIRSTZONE)
665 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");
666 mark_zone(currently_testing);
671 printf("%d bad blocks\n", badblocks);
672 else if (badblocks == 1)
673 printf("one bad block\n");
676 static void get_list_blocks(char *filename)
679 unsigned long blockno;
681 listfile = bb_xfopen(filename, "r");
682 while (!feof(listfile)) {
683 fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno);
688 printf("%d bad blocks\n", badblocks);
689 else if (badblocks == 1)
690 printf("one bad block\n");
693 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv)
698 char *listfile = NULL;
701 if (INODE_SIZE * MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
702 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
703 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
704 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
705 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
710 while (--argc >= 0 && *argv && **argv) {
713 while (i > 0 && *++(*argv) && stopIt==FALSE) {
721 if (*(*argv+1) != 0) {
729 req_nr_inodes = strtoul(cp, &tmp, 0);
739 listfile = *(++argv);
745 if (*(*argv+1) != 0) {
753 i = strtoul(cp, &tmp, 0);
757 magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC;
759 magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2;
768 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
771 bb_error_msg("%s: not compiled with minix v2 support",
784 if (device_name == NULL)
786 else if (BLOCKS == 0)
787 BLOCKS = strtol(*argv, &tmp, 0);
795 if (device_name && !BLOCKS)
796 BLOCKS = get_size(device_name) / 1024;
797 if (!device_name || BLOCKS < 10) {
800 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2
803 magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC;
805 magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2;
810 check_mount(); /* is it already mounted? */
813 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".");
816 strcpy(tmp + 2, "..");
819 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks");
820 DEV = bb_xopen3(device_name, O_RDWR, 0);
821 if (fstat(DEV, &statbuf) < 0)
822 bb_error_msg_and_die("unable to stat %s", device_name);
823 if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode))
825 else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340)
826 bb_error_msg_and_die("will not try to make filesystem on '%s'", device_name);
831 get_list_blocks(listfile);
832 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2