1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system.
5 * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per
12 * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started.
14 * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks"
15 * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but
16 * it should work. Oh, well.
18 * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks
19 * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp)
21 * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c.
23 * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original
24 * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines..
26 * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil
27 * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu)
29 * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use
30 * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more.
31 * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu)
33 * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag.
34 * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu)
36 * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem
37 * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de)
39 * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted
40 * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs
41 * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
43 * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that
44 * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem.
45 * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
47 * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a
48 * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no)
50 * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks]
52 * -c for readablility checking (SLOW!)
53 * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file.
54 * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30)
55 * -i for number of inodes
56 * -v for v2 filesystem
58 * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
59 * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
61 * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen <andersen@debian.org> --
62 * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one.
74 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
75 #include <sys/param.h>
80 typedef unsigned char u8;
81 typedef unsigned short u16;
82 typedef unsigned int u32;
85 #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1
86 #define MINIX_LINK_MAX 250
87 #define MINIX2_LINK_MAX 65530
89 #define MINIX_I_MAP_SLOTS 8
90 #define MINIX_Z_MAP_SLOTS 64
91 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC 0x137F /* original minix fs */
92 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x138F /* minix fs, 30 char names */
93 #define MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC 0x2468 /* minix V2 fs */
94 #define MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x2478 /* minix V2 fs, 30 char names */
95 #define MINIX_VALID_FS 0x0001 /* Clean fs. */
96 #define MINIX_ERROR_FS 0x0002 /* fs has errors. */
98 #define MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix_inode)))
99 #define MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix2_inode)))
101 #define MINIX_V1 0x0001 /* original minix fs */
102 #define MINIX_V2 0x0002 /* minix V2 fs */
104 #define INODE_VERSION(inode) inode->i_sb->u.minix_sb.s_version
107 * This is the original minix inode layout on disk.
108 * Note the 8-bit gid and atime and ctime.
121 * The new minix inode has all the time entries, as well as
122 * long block numbers and a third indirect block (7+1+1+1
123 * instead of 7+1+1). Also, some previously 8-bit values are
124 * now 16-bit. The inode is now 64 bytes instead of 32.
126 struct minix2_inode {
139 * minix super-block data on disk
141 struct minix_super_block {
154 struct minix_dir_entry {
159 #define BLOCK_SIZE_BITS 10
160 #define BLOCK_SIZE (1<<BLOCK_SIZE_BITS)
162 #define NAME_MAX 255 /* # chars in a file name */
164 #define MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix_inode)))
166 #define MINIX_VALID_FS 0x0001 /* Clean fs. */
167 #define MINIX_ERROR_FS 0x0002 /* fs has errors. */
169 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC 0x137F /* original minix fs */
170 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x138F /* minix fs, 30 char names */
173 #define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */
181 #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1
182 #define MINIX_BAD_INO 2
184 #define TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS 16
185 #define MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS 512
187 #define UPPER(size,n) (((size)+((n)-1))/(n))
188 #define INODE_SIZE (sizeof(struct minix_inode))
189 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
190 #define INODE_SIZE2 (sizeof(struct minix2_inode))
191 #define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK \
192 : MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK))
194 #define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK))
196 #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)
198 #define BITS_PER_BLOCK (BLOCK_SIZE<<3)
200 static char *device_name = NULL;
202 static long BLOCKS = 0;
203 static int check = 0;
204 static int badblocks = 0;
205 static int namelen = 30; /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's
207 suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */
208 static int dirsize = 32;
209 static int magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2;
210 static int version2 = 0;
212 static char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE] = "\0";
214 static char *inode_buffer = NULL;
216 #define Inode (((struct minix_inode *) inode_buffer)-1)
217 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
218 #define Inode2 (((struct minix2_inode *) inode_buffer)-1)
220 static char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];
221 static char boot_block_buffer[512];
223 #define Super (*(struct minix_super_block *)super_block_buffer)
224 #define INODES ((unsigned long)Super.s_ninodes)
225 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
226 #define ZONES ((unsigned long)(version2 ? Super.s_zones : Super.s_nzones))
228 #define ZONES ((unsigned long)(Super.s_nzones))
230 #define IMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_imap_blocks)
231 #define ZMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_zmap_blocks)
232 #define FIRSTZONE ((unsigned long)Super.s_firstdatazone)
233 #define ZONESIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_log_zone_size)
234 #define MAXSIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_max_size)
235 #define MAGIC (Super.s_magic)
236 #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2+IMAPS+ZMAPS+INODE_BLOCKS)
238 static char *inode_map;
239 static char *zone_map;
241 static unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS];
242 static int used_good_blocks = 0;
243 static unsigned long req_nr_inodes = 0;
245 static inline int bit(char * a,unsigned int i)
247 return (a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7))) != 0;
249 #define inode_in_use(x) (bit(inode_map,(x)))
250 #define zone_in_use(x) (bit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
252 #define mark_inode(x) (setbit(inode_map,(x)))
253 #define unmark_inode(x) (clrbit(inode_map,(x)))
255 #define mark_zone(x) (setbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
256 #define unmark_zone(x) (clrbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1))
259 * Check to make certain that our new filesystem won't be created on
260 * an already mounted partition. Code adapted from mke2fs, Copyright
261 * (C) 1994 Theodore Ts'o. Also licensed under GPL.
263 static void check_mount(void)
268 if ((f = setmntent(MOUNTED, "r")) == NULL)
270 while ((mnt = getmntent(f)) != NULL)
271 if (strcmp(device_name, mnt->mnt_fsname) == 0)
277 error_msg_and_die("%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!", device_name);
280 static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset)
284 if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
286 if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1)
291 static int count_blocks(int fd)
296 for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2)
298 while (low < high - 1) {
299 const int mid = (low + high) / 2;
301 if (valid_offset(fd, mid))
310 static int get_size(const char *file)
315 if ((fd = open(file, O_RDWR)) < 0)
316 perror_msg_and_die("%s", file);
317 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) {
322 size = count_blocks(fd);
327 static void write_tables(void)
329 /* Mark the super block valid. */
330 Super.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS;
331 Super.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS;
333 if (lseek(DEV, 0, SEEK_SET))
334 error_msg_and_die("seek to boot block failed in write_tables");
335 if (512 != write(DEV, boot_block_buffer, 512))
336 error_msg_and_die("unable to clear boot sector");
337 if (BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET))
338 error_msg_and_die("seek failed in write_tables");
339 if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE))
340 error_msg_and_die("unable to write super-block");
341 if (IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, inode_map, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE))
342 error_msg_and_die("unable to write inode map");
343 if (ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, zone_map, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE))
344 error_msg_and_die("unable to write zone map");
345 if (INODE_BUFFER_SIZE != write(DEV, inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE))
346 error_msg_and_die("unable to write inodes");
350 static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer)
352 if (blk * BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET))
353 error_msg_and_die("seek failed in write_block");
354 if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE))
355 error_msg_and_die("write failed in write_block");
358 static int get_free_block(void)
362 if (used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS)
363 error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
364 if (used_good_blocks)
365 blk = good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks - 1] + 1;
368 while (blk < ZONES && zone_in_use(blk))
371 error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks");
372 good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks] = blk;
377 static void mark_good_blocks(void)
381 for (blk = 0; blk < used_good_blocks; blk++)
382 mark_zone(good_blocks_table[blk]);
385 static int next(int zone)
388 zone = FIRSTZONE - 1;
389 while (++zone < ZONES)
390 if (zone_in_use(zone))
395 static void make_bad_inode(void)
397 struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_BAD_INO];
399 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
400 unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
401 unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
403 #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone))
407 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
409 inode->i_time = time(NULL);
410 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
411 inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
413 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
414 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
418 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
419 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
420 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
425 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
426 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
427 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
428 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
429 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
430 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
431 for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) {
437 error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
440 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
442 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
445 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
446 static void make_bad_inode2(void)
448 struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_BAD_INO];
450 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
451 unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
452 unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
456 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
458 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL);
459 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
460 inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
462 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
463 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
467 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
468 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
469 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
474 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
475 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
476 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
477 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
478 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
479 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
480 for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
486 /* Could make triple indirect block here */
487 error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
490 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
492 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
496 static void make_root_inode(void)
498 struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
500 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
501 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
503 inode->i_time = time(NULL);
505 inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize;
507 root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0';
508 root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0';
509 inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize;
511 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
512 inode->i_uid = getuid();
514 inode->i_gid = getgid();
515 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block);
518 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
519 static void make_root_inode2(void)
521 struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
523 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
524 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
526 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL);
528 inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize;
530 root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0';
531 root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0';
532 inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize;
534 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
535 inode->i_uid = getuid();
537 inode->i_gid = getgid();
538 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block);
542 static void setup_tables(void)
545 unsigned long inodes;
547 memset(super_block_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
548 memset(boot_block_buffer, 0, 512);
551 MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024;
553 /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */
554 if (req_nr_inodes == 0)
557 inodes = req_nr_inodes;
558 /* Round up inode count to fill block size */
559 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
561 inodes = ((inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
562 ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1));
565 inodes = ((inodes + MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
566 ~(MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1));
570 IMAPS = UPPER(INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
574 UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1,
575 BITS_PER_BLOCK) && i < 1000) {
577 UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1,
581 /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown
582 * in infinite loop...
584 * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024
585 * /sbin/mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs
588 error_msg_and_die("unable to allocate buffers for maps");
590 FIRSTZONE = NORM_FIRSTZONE;
591 inode_map = xmalloc(IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
592 zone_map = xmalloc(ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
593 memset(inode_map, 0xff, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
594 memset(zone_map, 0xff, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
595 for (i = FIRSTZONE; i < ZONES; i++)
597 for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= INODES; i++)
599 inode_buffer = xmalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
600 memset(inode_buffer, 0, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
601 printf("%ld inodes\n", INODES);
602 printf("%ld blocks\n", ZONES);
603 printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", FIRSTZONE, NORM_FIRSTZONE);
604 printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << ZONESIZE);
605 printf("Maxsize=%ld\n\n", MAXSIZE);
609 * Perform a test of a block; return the number of
610 * blocks readable/writeable.
612 static long do_check(char *buffer, int try, unsigned int current_block)
616 /* Seek to the correct loc. */
617 if (lseek(DEV, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) !=
618 current_block * BLOCK_SIZE) {
619 error_msg_and_die("seek failed during testing of blocks");
624 got = read(DEV, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);
627 if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1)) {
628 printf("Weird values in do_check: probably bugs\n");
634 static unsigned int currently_testing = 0;
636 static void alarm_intr(int alnum)
638 if (currently_testing >= ZONES)
640 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
642 if (!currently_testing)
644 printf("%d ...", currently_testing);
648 static void check_blocks(void)
651 static char buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS];
653 currently_testing = 0;
654 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
656 while (currently_testing < ZONES) {
657 if (lseek(DEV, currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) !=
658 currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE)
659 error_msg_and_die("seek failed in check_blocks");
660 try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
661 if (currently_testing + try > ZONES)
662 try = ZONES - currently_testing;
663 got = do_check(buffer, try, currently_testing);
664 currently_testing += got;
667 if (currently_testing < FIRSTZONE)
668 error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");
669 mark_zone(currently_testing);
674 printf("%d bad blocks\n", badblocks);
675 else if (badblocks == 1)
676 printf("one bad block\n");
679 static void get_list_blocks(filename)
684 unsigned long blockno;
686 listfile = xfopen(filename, "r");
687 while (!feof(listfile)) {
688 fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno);
693 printf("%d bad blocks\n", badblocks);
694 else if (badblocks == 1)
695 printf("one bad block\n");
698 extern int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv)
703 char *listfile = NULL;
706 if (INODE_SIZE * MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
707 error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
708 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
709 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
710 error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
715 while (--argc >= 0 && *argv && **argv) {
718 while (i > 0 && *++(*argv) && stopIt==FALSE) {
726 if (*(*argv+1) != 0) {
734 req_nr_inodes = strtoul(cp, &tmp, 0);
744 listfile = *(++argv);
750 if (*(*argv+1) != 0) {
758 i = strtoul(cp, &tmp, 0);
762 magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC;
764 magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2;
773 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
776 error_msg("%s: not compiled with minix v2 support",
789 if (device_name == NULL)
791 else if (BLOCKS == 0)
792 BLOCKS = strtol(*argv, &tmp, 0);
800 if (device_name && !BLOCKS)
801 BLOCKS = get_size(device_name) / 1024;
802 if (!device_name || BLOCKS < 10) {
805 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2
808 magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC;
810 magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2;
815 check_mount(); /* is it already mounted? */
818 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".");
821 strcpy(tmp + 2, "..");
824 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks");
825 DEV = open(device_name, O_RDWR);
827 error_msg_and_die("unable to open %s", device_name);
828 if (fstat(DEV, &statbuf) < 0)
829 error_msg_and_die("unable to stat %s", device_name);
830 if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode))
832 else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340)
833 error_msg_and_die("will not try to make filesystem on '%s'", device_name);
838 get_list_blocks(listfile);
839 #ifdef BB_FEATURE_MINIX2