1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system.
5 * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds.
7 * Licensed under GPLv2, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
13 * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started.
15 * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks"
16 * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but
17 * it should work. Oh, well.
19 * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks
20 * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp)
22 * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c.
24 * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original
25 * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines..
27 * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil
28 * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu)
30 * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use
31 * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more.
32 * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu)
34 * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag.
35 * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu)
37 * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem
38 * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de)
40 * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted
41 * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs
42 * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
44 * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that
45 * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem.
46 * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
48 * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a
49 * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no)
51 * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks]
53 * -c for readability checking (SLOW!)
54 * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file.
55 * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30)
56 * -i for number of inodes
57 * -v for v2 filesystem
59 * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
60 * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
62 * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen <andersen@debian.org> --
63 * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one.
66 //usage:#define mkfs_minix_trivial_usage
67 //usage: "[-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]"
68 //usage:#define mkfs_minix_full_usage "\n\n"
69 //usage: "Make a MINIX filesystem\n"
70 //usage: "\n -c Check device for bad blocks"
71 //usage: "\n -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames"
72 //usage: "\n -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem"
73 //usage: "\n -l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE"
74 //usage: "\n -v Make version 2 filesystem"
81 /* Store the very same times/uids/gids for image consistency */
87 /* Was using this. Is it useful? NB: this will break testsuite */
88 # define CUR_TIME time(NULL)
89 # define GETUID getuid()
90 # define GETGID getgid()
94 MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS = 512,
95 TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS = 16,
98 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
99 enum { version2 = 0 };
105 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
107 #define version2 G.version2
110 uint32_t total_blocks;
118 int used_good_blocks;
119 unsigned long req_nr_inodes;
120 unsigned currently_testing;
122 char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE];
123 char superblock_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];
124 char boot_block_buffer[512];
125 unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS];
126 /* check_blocks(): buffer[] was the biggest static in entire bbox */
127 char check_blocks_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS];
129 unsigned short ind_block1[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
130 unsigned short dind_block1[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
131 unsigned long ind_block2[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
132 unsigned long dind_block2[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
134 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
135 #define INIT_G() do { \
136 SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(xzalloc(sizeof(G))); \
139 static ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned div_roundup(unsigned size, unsigned n)
141 return (size + n-1) / n;
144 #define INODE_BUF1 (((struct minix1_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1)
145 #define INODE_BUF2 (((struct minix2_inode*)G.inode_buffer) - 1)
147 #define SB (*(struct minix_superblock*)G.superblock_buffer)
149 #define SB_INODES (SB.s_ninodes)
150 #define SB_IMAPS (SB.s_imap_blocks)
151 #define SB_ZMAPS (SB.s_zmap_blocks)
152 #define SB_FIRSTZONE (SB.s_firstdatazone)
153 #define SB_ZONE_SIZE (SB.s_log_zone_size)
154 #define SB_MAXSIZE (SB.s_max_size)
155 #define SB_MAGIC (SB.s_magic)
157 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
158 # define SB_ZONES (SB.s_nzones)
159 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK)
161 # define SB_ZONES (version2 ? SB.s_zones : SB.s_nzones)
162 # define INODE_BLOCKS div_roundup(SB_INODES, \
163 (version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK : MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK))
166 #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE)
167 #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2 + SB_IMAPS + SB_ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS)
169 /* Before you ask "where they come from?": */
170 /* setbit/clrbit are supplied by sys/param.h */
172 static int minix_bit(const char* a, unsigned i)
174 return a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7));
177 static void minix_setbit(char *a, unsigned i)
181 static void minix_clrbit(char *a, unsigned i)
186 /* Note: do not assume 0/1, it is 0/nonzero */
187 #define zone_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
188 /*#define inode_in_use(x) minix_bit(G.inode_map,(x))*/
190 #define mark_inode(x) minix_setbit(G.inode_map,(x))
191 #define unmark_inode(x) minix_clrbit(G.inode_map,(x))
192 #define mark_zone(x) minix_setbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
193 #define unmark_zone(x) minix_clrbit(G.zone_map,(x)-SB_FIRSTZONE+1)
196 # define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */
200 static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset)
204 if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
206 if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1)
211 static int count_blocks(int fd)
216 for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2)
219 while (low < high - 1) {
220 const int mid = (low + high) / 2;
222 if (valid_offset(fd, mid))
231 static int get_size(const char *file)
236 fd = xopen(file, O_RDWR);
237 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) {
242 size = count_blocks(fd);
247 static void write_tables(void)
249 /* Mark the superblock valid. */
250 SB.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS;
251 SB.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS;
253 msg_eol = "seek to 0 failed";
254 xlseek(dev_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
256 msg_eol = "can't clear boot sector";
257 xwrite(dev_fd, G.boot_block_buffer, 512);
259 msg_eol = "seek to BLOCK_SIZE failed";
260 xlseek(dev_fd, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
262 msg_eol = "can't write superblock";
263 xwrite(dev_fd, G.superblock_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
265 msg_eol = "can't write inode map";
266 xwrite(dev_fd, G.inode_map, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
268 msg_eol = "can't write zone map";
269 xwrite(dev_fd, G.zone_map, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
271 msg_eol = "can't write inodes";
272 xwrite(dev_fd, G.inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
277 static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer)
279 xlseek(dev_fd, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
280 xwrite(dev_fd, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE);
283 static int get_free_block(void)
287 if (G.used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS)
288 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
289 if (G.used_good_blocks)
290 blk = G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks - 1] + 1;
293 while (blk < SB_ZONES && zone_in_use(blk))
296 bb_error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks");
297 G.good_blocks_table[G.used_good_blocks] = blk;
298 G.used_good_blocks++;
302 static void mark_good_blocks(void)
306 for (blk = 0; blk < G.used_good_blocks; blk++)
307 mark_zone(G.good_blocks_table[blk]);
310 static int next(int zone)
313 zone = SB_FIRSTZONE - 1;
314 while (++zone < SB_ZONES)
315 if (zone_in_use(zone))
320 static void make_bad_inode(void)
322 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_BAD_INO];
324 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
325 /* moved to globals to reduce stack usage
326 unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
327 unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1];
329 #define ind_block (G.ind_block1)
330 #define dind_block (G.dind_block1)
332 #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone))
336 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
338 /* BTW, setting this makes all images different */
339 /* it's harder to check for bugs then - diff isn't helpful :(... */
340 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
341 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
342 inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
344 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
345 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
349 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
350 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
351 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
356 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
357 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
358 for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
359 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
360 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
361 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
362 for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) {
368 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
371 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
373 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
378 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
379 static void make_bad_inode2(void)
381 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_BAD_INO];
383 int ind = 0, dind = 0;
384 /* moved to globals to reduce stack usage
385 unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
386 unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2];
388 #define ind_block (G.ind_block2)
389 #define dind_block (G.dind_block2)
393 mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO);
395 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
396 inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000;
397 inode->i_size = G.badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE;
399 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
400 inode->i_zone[i] = zone;
404 inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block();
405 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
406 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
411 inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block();
412 memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
413 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
414 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
415 dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block();
416 memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE);
417 for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
423 /* Could make triple indirect block here */
424 bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks");
427 write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block);
429 write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block);
434 void make_bad_inode2(void);
437 static void make_root_inode(void)
439 struct minix1_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF1[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
441 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
442 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
444 inode->i_time = CUR_TIME;
446 inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize;
448 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0';
449 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0';
450 inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize;
452 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
453 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
455 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
456 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block);
459 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
460 static void make_root_inode2(void)
462 struct minix2_inode *inode = &INODE_BUF2[MINIX_ROOT_INO];
464 mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO);
465 inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block();
467 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CUR_TIME;
469 inode->i_size = 3 * G.dirsize;
471 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize] = '\0';
472 G.root_block[2 * G.dirsize + 1] = '\0';
473 inode->i_size = 2 * G.dirsize;
475 inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755;
476 inode->i_uid = GETUID;
478 inode->i_gid = GETGID;
479 write_block(inode->i_zone[0], G.root_block);
482 void make_root_inode2(void);
486 * Perform a test of a block; return the number of
489 static size_t do_check(char *buffer, size_t try, unsigned current_block)
493 /* Seek to the correct loc. */
494 msg_eol = "seek failed during testing of blocks";
495 xlseek(dev_fd, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
499 got = read(dev_fd, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);
502 try = ((size_t)got) / BLOCK_SIZE;
504 if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1))
505 fprintf(stderr, "Short read at block %u\n", (unsigned)(current_block + try));
509 static void alarm_intr(int alnum UNUSED_PARAM)
511 if (G.currently_testing >= SB_ZONES)
513 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
515 if (!G.currently_testing)
517 printf("%d ...", G.currently_testing);
521 static void check_blocks(void)
525 G.currently_testing = 0;
526 signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
528 while (G.currently_testing < SB_ZONES) {
529 msg_eol = "seek failed in check_blocks";
530 xlseek(dev_fd, G.currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
532 try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
533 if (G.currently_testing + try > SB_ZONES)
534 try = SB_ZONES - G.currently_testing;
535 got = do_check(G.check_blocks_buffer, try, G.currently_testing);
536 G.currently_testing += got;
539 if (G.currently_testing < SB_FIRSTZONE)
540 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");
541 mark_zone(G.currently_testing);
543 G.currently_testing++;
546 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks);
549 static void get_list_blocks(char *filename)
552 unsigned long blockno;
554 listfile = xfopen_for_read(filename);
555 while (!feof(listfile)) {
556 fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno);
560 printf("%d bad block(s)\n", G.badblocks);
563 static void setup_tables(void)
565 unsigned long inodes;
566 unsigned norm_firstzone;
570 /* memset(G.superblock_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); */
571 /* memset(G.boot_block_buffer, 0, 512); */
574 SB_MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024;
576 SB.s_zones = G.total_blocks;
578 SB.s_nzones = G.total_blocks;
580 /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */
581 if (G.req_nr_inodes == 0)
582 inodes = G.total_blocks / 3;
584 inodes = G.req_nr_inodes;
585 /* Round up inode count to fill block size */
587 inodes = (inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
588 ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
590 inodes = (inodes + MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) &
591 ~(MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1);
595 SB_IMAPS = div_roundup(SB_INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
597 /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown
598 * in infinite loop...
600 * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024
601 * mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs
603 /* This code is not insane: NORM_FIRSTZONE is not a constant,
604 * it is calculated from SB_INODES, SB_IMAPS and SB_ZMAPS */
608 norm_firstzone = NORM_FIRSTZONE;
609 sb_zmaps = div_roundup(G.total_blocks - norm_firstzone + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
610 if (SB_ZMAPS == sb_zmaps) goto got_it;
612 /* new SB_ZMAPS, need to recalc NORM_FIRSTZONE */
614 bb_error_msg_and_die("incompatible size/inode count, try different -i N");
617 SB_FIRSTZONE = norm_firstzone;
618 G.inode_map = xmalloc(SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
619 G.zone_map = xmalloc(SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
620 memset(G.inode_map, 0xff, SB_IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
621 memset(G.zone_map, 0xff, SB_ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE);
622 for (i = SB_FIRSTZONE; i < SB_ZONES; i++)
624 for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= SB_INODES; i++)
626 G.inode_buffer = xzalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE);
627 printf("%ld inodes\n", (long)SB_INODES);
628 printf("%ld blocks\n", (long)SB_ZONES);
629 printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", (long)SB_FIRSTZONE, (long)norm_firstzone);
630 printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << SB_ZONE_SIZE);
631 printf("Maxsize=%ld\n", (long)SB_MAXSIZE);
634 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
635 int mkfs_minix_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
641 char *listfile = NULL;
644 /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */
647 G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
649 if (INODE_SIZE1 * MINIX1_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
650 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
651 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
652 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE)
653 bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size");
656 opt_complementary = "n+"; /* -n N */
657 opt = getopt32(argv, "ci:l:n:v", &str_i, &listfile, &G.namelen);
660 if (opt & 2) G.req_nr_inodes = xatoul(str_i); // -i
663 if (G.namelen == 14) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC;
664 else if (G.namelen == 30) G.magic = MINIX1_SUPER_MAGIC2;
665 else bb_show_usage();
666 G.dirsize = G.namelen + 2;
668 if (opt & 0x10) { // -v
669 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2
672 bb_error_msg_and_die("not compiled with minix v2 support");
676 G.device_name = *argv++;
680 G.total_blocks = xatou32(*argv);
682 G.total_blocks = get_size(G.device_name) / 1024;
684 if (G.total_blocks < 10)
685 bb_error_msg_and_die("must have at least 10 blocks");
688 G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2;
690 G.magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC;
691 } else if (G.total_blocks > 65535)
692 G.total_blocks = 65535;
694 /* Check if it is mounted */
695 if (find_mount_point(G.device_name, 0))
696 bb_error_msg_and_die("can't format mounted filesystem");
698 xmove_fd(xopen(G.device_name, O_RDWR), dev_fd);
699 xfstat(dev_fd, &statbuf, G.device_name);
700 if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode))
701 opt &= ~1; // clear -c (check)
703 /* I don't know why someone has special code to prevent mkfs.minix
704 * on IDE devices. Why IDE but not SCSI, etc?... */
706 else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340)
708 bb_error_msg_and_die("will not try "
709 "to make filesystem on '%s'", G.device_name);
714 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".");
717 strcpy(tmp + 2, "..");
720 strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks");
727 get_list_blocks(listfile);