1 # Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors.
2 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
3 # found in the LICENSE file.
5 # Copyright (c) 2003-2005 by Peter Astrand <astrand@lysator.liu.se>
6 # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
7 # See http://www.python.org/2.4/license for licensing details.
9 """Subprocress execution
11 This module holds a subclass of subprocess.Popen with our own required
12 features, mainly that we get access to the subprocess output while it
13 is running rather than just at the end. This makes it easiler to show
14 progress information and filter output in real time.
26 # Import these here so the caller does not need to import subprocess also.
27 PIPE = subprocess.PIPE
28 STDOUT = subprocess.STDOUT
29 PIPE_PTY = -3 # Pipe output through a pty
33 class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
34 """Like subprocess.Popen with ptys and incremental output
36 This class deals with running a child process and filtering its output on
37 both stdout and stderr while it is running. We do this so we can monitor
38 progress, and possibly relay the output to the user if requested.
40 The class is similar to subprocess.Popen, the equivalent is something like:
42 Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
44 But this class has many fewer features, and two enhancement:
46 1. Rather than getting the output data only at the end, this class sends it
47 to a provided operation as it arrives.
48 2. We use pseudo terminals so that the child will hopefully flush its output
49 to us as soon as it is produced, rather than waiting for the end of a
52 Use CommunicateFilter() to handle output from the subprocess.
56 def __init__(self, args, stdin=None, stdout=PIPE_PTY, stderr=PIPE_PTY,
57 shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, **kwargs):
58 """Cut-down constructor
61 args: Program and arguments for subprocess to execute.
62 stdin: See subprocess.Popen()
63 stdout: See subprocess.Popen(), except that we support the sentinel
64 value of cros_subprocess.PIPE_PTY.
65 stderr: See subprocess.Popen(), except that we support the sentinel
66 value of cros_subprocess.PIPE_PTY.
67 shell: See subprocess.Popen()
68 cwd: Working directory to change to for subprocess, or None if none.
69 env: Environment to use for this subprocess, or None to inherit parent.
70 kwargs: No other arguments are supported at the moment. Passing other
71 arguments will cause a ValueError to be raised.
76 if stdout == PIPE_PTY:
77 stdout_pty = pty.openpty()
78 stdout = os.fdopen(stdout_pty[1])
79 if stderr == PIPE_PTY:
80 stderr_pty = pty.openpty()
81 stderr = os.fdopen(stderr_pty[1])
83 super(Popen, self).__init__(args, stdin=stdin,
84 stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, shell=shell, cwd=cwd, env=env,
87 # If we're on a PTY, we passed the slave half of the PTY to the subprocess.
88 # We want to use the master half on our end from now on. Setting this here
89 # does make some assumptions about the implementation of subprocess, but
90 # those assumptions are pretty minor.
92 # Note that if stderr is STDOUT, then self.stderr will be set to None by
94 if stdout_pty is not None:
95 self.stdout = os.fdopen(stdout_pty[0])
96 if stderr_pty is not None:
97 self.stderr = os.fdopen(stderr_pty[0])
99 # Insist that unit tests exist for other arguments we don't support.
101 raise ValueError("Unit tests do not test extra args - please add tests")
103 def CommunicateFilter(self, output):
104 """Interact with process: Read data from stdout and stderr.
106 This method runs until end-of-file is reached, then waits for the
107 subprocess to terminate.
109 The output function is sent all output from the subprocess and must be
112 def Output([self,] stream, data)
114 stream: the stream the output was received on, which will be
115 sys.stdout or sys.stderr.
116 data: a string containing the data
118 Note: The data read is buffered in memory, so do not use this
119 method if the data size is large or unlimited.
122 output: Function to call with each fragment of output.
125 A tuple (stdout, stderr, combined) which is the data received on
126 stdout, stderr and the combined data (interleaved stdout and stderr).
128 Note that the interleaved output will only be sensible if you have
129 set both stdout and stderr to PIPE or PIPE_PTY. Even then it depends on
130 the timing of the output in the subprocess. If a subprocess flips
131 between stdout and stderr quickly in succession, by the time we come to
132 read the output from each we may see several lines in each, and will read
133 all the stdout lines, then all the stderr lines. So the interleaving
134 may not be correct. In this case you might want to pass
135 stderr=cros_subprocess.STDOUT to the constructor.
137 This feature is still useful for subprocesses where stderr is
138 rarely used and indicates an error.
140 Note also that if you set stderr to STDOUT, then stderr will be empty
141 and the combined output will just be the same as stdout.
146 stdout = None # Return
147 stderr = None # Return
150 # Flush stdio buffer. This might block, if the user has
151 # been writing to .stdin in an uncontrolled fashion.
154 write_set.append(self.stdin)
158 read_set.append(self.stdout)
160 if self.stderr and self.stderr != self.stdout:
161 read_set.append(self.stderr)
166 while read_set or write_set:
168 rlist, wlist, _ = select.select(read_set, write_set, [], 0.2)
169 except select.error, e:
170 if e.args[0] == errno.EINTR:
177 if self.stdin in wlist:
178 # When select has indicated that the file is writable,
179 # we can write up to PIPE_BUF bytes without risk
180 # blocking. POSIX defines PIPE_BUF >= 512
181 chunk = input[input_offset : input_offset + 512]
182 bytes_written = os.write(self.stdin.fileno(), chunk)
183 input_offset += bytes_written
184 if input_offset >= len(input):
186 write_set.remove(self.stdin)
188 if self.stdout in rlist:
190 # We will get an error on read if the pty is closed
192 data = os.read(self.stdout.fileno(), 1024)
197 read_set.remove(self.stdout)
200 combined.append(data)
202 output(sys.stdout, data)
203 if self.stderr in rlist:
205 # We will get an error on read if the pty is closed
207 data = os.read(self.stderr.fileno(), 1024)
212 read_set.remove(self.stderr)
215 combined.append(data)
217 output(sys.stderr, data)
219 # All data exchanged. Translate lists into strings.
220 if stdout is not None:
221 stdout = ''.join(stdout)
224 if stderr is not None:
225 stderr = ''.join(stderr)
228 combined = ''.join(combined)
230 # Translate newlines, if requested. We cannot let the file
231 # object do the translation: It is based on stdio, which is
232 # impossible to combine with select (unless forcing no
234 if self.universal_newlines and hasattr(file, 'newlines'):
236 stdout = self._translate_newlines(stdout)
238 stderr = self._translate_newlines(stderr)
241 return (stdout, stderr, combined)
244 # Just being a unittest.TestCase gives us 14 public methods. Unless we
245 # disable this, we can only have 6 tests in a TestCase. That's not enough.
247 # pylint: disable=R0904
249 class TestSubprocess(unittest.TestCase):
250 """Our simple unit test for this module"""
253 """Provides a operation that we can pass to Popen"""
254 def __init__(self, input_to_send=None):
255 """Constructor to set up the operation and possible input.
258 input_to_send: a text string to send when we first get input. We will
259 add \r\n to the string.
261 self.stdout_data = ''
262 self.stderr_data = ''
263 self.combined_data = ''
264 self.stdin_pipe = None
265 self._input_to_send = input_to_send
268 self.stdin_read_pipe = pipe[0]
269 self._stdin_write_pipe = os.fdopen(pipe[1], 'w')
271 def Output(self, stream, data):
272 """Output handler for Popen. Stores the data for later comparison"""
273 if stream == sys.stdout:
274 self.stdout_data += data
275 if stream == sys.stderr:
276 self.stderr_data += data
277 self.combined_data += data
279 # Output the input string if we have one.
280 if self._input_to_send:
281 self._stdin_write_pipe.write(self._input_to_send + '\r\n')
282 self._stdin_write_pipe.flush()
284 def _BasicCheck(self, plist, oper):
285 """Basic checks that the output looks sane."""
286 self.assertEqual(plist[0], oper.stdout_data)
287 self.assertEqual(plist[1], oper.stderr_data)
288 self.assertEqual(plist[2], oper.combined_data)
290 # The total length of stdout and stderr should equal the combined length
291 self.assertEqual(len(plist[0]) + len(plist[1]), len(plist[2]))
293 def test_simple(self):
294 """Simple redirection: Get process list"""
295 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
296 plist = Popen(['ps']).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
297 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
299 def test_stderr(self):
300 """Check stdout and stderr"""
301 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
302 cmd = 'echo fred >/dev/stderr && false || echo bad'
303 plist = Popen([cmd], shell=True).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
304 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
305 self.assertEqual(plist [0], 'bad\r\n')
306 self.assertEqual(plist [1], 'fred\r\n')
308 def test_shell(self):
309 """Check with and without shell works"""
310 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
311 cmd = 'echo test >/dev/stderr'
312 self.assertRaises(OSError, Popen, [cmd], shell=False)
313 plist = Popen([cmd], shell=True).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
314 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
315 self.assertEqual(len(plist [0]), 0)
316 self.assertEqual(plist [1], 'test\r\n')
318 def test_list_args(self):
319 """Check with and without shell works using list arguments"""
320 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
321 cmd = ['echo', 'test', '>/dev/stderr']
322 plist = Popen(cmd, shell=False).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
323 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
324 self.assertEqual(plist [0], ' '.join(cmd[1:]) + '\r\n')
325 self.assertEqual(len(plist [1]), 0)
327 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
329 # this should be interpreted as 'echo' with the other args dropped
330 cmd = ['echo', 'test', '>/dev/stderr']
331 plist = Popen(cmd, shell=True).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
332 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
333 self.assertEqual(plist [0], '\r\n')
336 """Check we can change directory"""
337 for shell in (False, True):
338 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
339 plist = Popen('pwd', shell=shell, cwd='/tmp').CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
340 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
341 self.assertEqual(plist [0], '/tmp\r\n')
344 """Check we can change environment"""
345 for add in (False, True):
346 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
349 env ['FRED'] = 'fred'
351 plist = Popen(cmd, shell=True, env=env).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
352 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
353 self.assertEqual(plist [0], add and 'fred\r\n' or '\r\n')
355 def test_extra_args(self):
356 """Check we can't add extra arguments"""
357 self.assertRaises(ValueError, Popen, 'true', close_fds=False)
359 def test_basic_input(self):
360 """Check that incremental input works
362 We set up a subprocess which will prompt for name. When we see this prompt
363 we send the name as input to the process. It should then print the name
366 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation('Flash')
367 prompt = 'What is your name?: '
368 cmd = 'echo -n "%s"; read name; echo Hello $name' % prompt
369 plist = Popen([cmd], stdin=oper.stdin_read_pipe,
370 shell=True).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
371 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
372 self.assertEqual(len(plist [1]), 0)
373 self.assertEqual(plist [0], prompt + 'Hello Flash\r\r\n')
375 def test_isatty(self):
376 """Check that ptys appear as terminals to the subprocess"""
377 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
378 cmd = ('if [ -t %d ]; then echo "terminal %d" >&%d; '
379 'else echo "not %d" >&%d; fi;')
382 both_cmds += cmd % (fd, fd, fd, fd, fd)
383 plist = Popen(both_cmds, shell=True).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
384 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
385 self.assertEqual(plist [0], 'terminal 1\r\n')
386 self.assertEqual(plist [1], 'terminal 2\r\n')
388 # Now try with PIPE and make sure it is not a terminal
389 oper = TestSubprocess.MyOperation()
390 plist = Popen(both_cmds, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
391 shell=True).CommunicateFilter(oper.Output)
392 self._BasicCheck(plist, oper)
393 self.assertEqual(plist [0], 'not 1\n')
394 self.assertEqual(plist [1], 'not 2\n')
396 if __name__ == '__main__':