tools/mkimage.c

   1 /*
   2  * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
   3  *
   4  * (C) Copyright 2000-2009
   5  * DENX Software Engineering
   6  * Wolfgang Denk, wd@denx.de
   7  *
   8  * SPDX-License-Identifier:     GPL-2.0+
   9  */
  10
  11 #include "mkimage.h"
  12 #include "imximage.h"
  13 #include <image.h>
  14 #include <version.h>
  15
  16 static void copy_file(int, const char *, int);
  17
  18 /* parameters initialized by core will be used by the image type code */
  19 static struct image_tool_params params = {
  20         .os = IH_OS_LINUX,
  21         .arch = IH_ARCH_PPC,
  22         .type = IH_TYPE_KERNEL,
  23         .comp = IH_COMP_GZIP,
  24         .dtc = MKIMAGE_DEFAULT_DTC_OPTIONS,
  25         .imagename = "",
  26         .imagename2 = "",
  27 };
  28
  29 static enum ih_category cur_category;
  30
  31 static int h_compare_category_name(const void *vtype1, const void *vtype2)
  32 {
  33         const int *type1 = vtype1;
  34         const int *type2 = vtype2;
  35         const char *name1 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type1);
  36         const char *name2 = genimg_get_cat_short_name(cur_category, *type2);
  37
  38         return strcmp(name1, name2);
  39 }
  40
  41 static int show_valid_options(enum ih_category category)
  42 {
  43         int *order;
  44         int count;
  45         int item;
  46         int i;
  47
  48         count = genimg_get_cat_count(category);
  49         order = calloc(count, sizeof(*order));
  50         if (!order)
  51                 return -ENOMEM;
  52
  53         /* Sort the names in order of short name for easier reading */
  54         for (item = 0; item < count; item++)
  55                 order[item] = item;
  56         cur_category = category;
  57         qsort(order, count, sizeof(int), h_compare_category_name);
  58
  59         fprintf(stderr, "\nInvalid %s, supported are:\n",
  60                 genimg_get_cat_desc(category));
  61         for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
  62                 item = order[i];
  63                 fprintf(stderr, "\t%-15s  %s\n",
  64                         genimg_get_cat_short_name(category, item),
  65                         genimg_get_cat_name(category, item));
  66         }
  67         fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  68         free(order);
  69
  70         return 0;
  71 }
  72
  73 static void usage(const char *msg)
  74 {
  75         fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", msg);
  76         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s -l image\n"
  77                          "          -l ==> list image header information\n",
  78                 params.cmdname);
  79         fprintf(stderr,
  80                 "       %s [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image\n"
  81                 "          -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'\n"
  82                 "          -O ==> set operating system to 'os'\n"
  83                 "          -T ==> set image type to 'type'\n"
  84                 "          -C ==> set compression type 'comp'\n"
  85                 "          -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)\n"
  86                 "          -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)\n"
  87                 "          -n ==> set image name to 'name'\n"
  88                 "          -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'\n"
  89                 "          -x ==> set XIP (execute in place)\n",
  90                 params.cmdname);
  91         fprintf(stderr,
  92                 "       %s [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its|-f auto|-F] [-b <dtb> [-b <dtb>]] [-i <ramdisk.cpio.gz>] fit-image\n"
  93                 "           <dtb> file is used with -f auto, it may occur multiple times.\n",
  94                 params.cmdname);
  95         fprintf(stderr,
  96                 "          -D => set all options for device tree compiler\n"
  97                 "          -f => input filename for FIT source\n"
  98                 "          -i => input filename for ramdisk file\n");
  99 #ifdef CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE
 100         fprintf(stderr,
 101                 "Signing / verified boot options: [-E] [-k keydir] [-K dtb] [ -c <comment>] [-p addr] [-r] [-N engine]\n"
 102                 "          -E => place data outside of the FIT structure\n"
 103                 "          -k => set directory containing private keys\n"
 104                 "          -K => write public keys to this .dtb file\n"
 105                 "          -c => add comment in signature node\n"
 106                 "          -F => re-sign existing FIT image\n"
 107                 "          -p => place external data at a static position\n"
 108                 "          -r => mark keys used as 'required' in dtb\n"
 109                 "          -N => engine to use for signing (pkcs11)\n");
 110 #else
 111         fprintf(stderr,
 112                 "Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined)\n");
 113 #endif
 114         fprintf(stderr, "       %s -V ==> print version information and exit\n",
 115                 params.cmdname);
 116         fprintf(stderr, "Use '-T list' to see a list of available image types\n");
 117
 118         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 119 }
 120
 121 static int add_content(int type, const char *fname)
 122 {
 123         struct content_info *cont;
 124
 125         cont = calloc(1, sizeof(*cont));
 126         if (!cont)
 127                 return -1;
 128         cont->type = type;
 129         cont->fname = fname;
 130         if (params.content_tail)
 131                 params.content_tail->next = cont;
 132         else
 133                 params.content_head = cont;
 134         params.content_tail = cont;
 135
 136         return 0;
 137 }
 138
 139 static void process_args(int argc, char **argv)
 140 {
 141         char *ptr;
 142         int type = IH_TYPE_INVALID;
 143         char *datafile = NULL;
 144         int opt;
 145
 146         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv,
 147                              "a:A:b:c:C:d:D:e:Ef:Fk:i:K:ln:N:p:O:rR:qsT:vVx")) != -1) {
 148                 switch (opt) {
 149                 case 'a':
 150                         params.addr = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 151                         if (*ptr) {
 152                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid load address %s\n",
 153                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 154                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 155                         }
 156                         break;
 157                 case 'A':
 158                         params.arch = genimg_get_arch_id(optarg);
 159                         if (params.arch < 0) {
 160                                 show_valid_options(IH_ARCH);
 161                                 usage("Invalid architecture");
 162                         }
 163                         break;
 164                 case 'b':
 165                         if (add_content(IH_TYPE_FLATDT, optarg)) {
 166                                 fprintf(stderr,
 167                                         "%s: Out of memory adding content '%s'",
 168                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 169                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 170                         }
 171                         break;
 172                 case 'c':
 173                         params.comment = optarg;
 174                         break;
 175                 case 'C':
 176                         params.comp = genimg_get_comp_id(optarg);
 177                         if (params.comp < 0) {
 178                                 show_valid_options(IH_COMP);
 179                                 usage("Invalid compression type");
 180                         }
 181                         break;
 182                 case 'd':
 183                         params.datafile = optarg;
 184                         params.dflag = 1;
 185                         break;
 186                 case 'D':
 187                         params.dtc = optarg;
 188                         break;
 189                 case 'e':
 190                         params.ep = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 191                         if (*ptr) {
 192                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid entry point %s\n",
 193                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 194                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 195                         }
 196                         params.eflag = 1;
 197                         break;
 198                 case 'E':
 199                         params.external_data = true;
 200                         break;
 201                 case 'f':
 202                         datafile = optarg;
 203                         params.auto_its = !strcmp(datafile, "auto");
 204                         /* no break */
 205                 case 'F':
 206                         /*
 207                          * The flattened image tree (FIT) format
 208                          * requires a flattened device tree image type
 209                          */
 210                         params.type = IH_TYPE_FLATDT;
 211                         params.fflag = 1;
 212                         break;
 213                 case 'i':
 214                         params.fit_ramdisk = optarg;
 215                         break;
 216                 case 'k':
 217                         params.keydir = optarg;
 218                         break;
 219                 case 'K':
 220                         params.keydest = optarg;
 221                         break;
 222                 case 'l':
 223                         params.lflag = 1;
 224                         break;
 225                 case 'n':
 226                         params.imagename = optarg;
 227                         break;
 228                 case 'N':
 229                         params.engine_id = optarg;
 230                         break;
 231                 case 'O':
 232                         params.os = genimg_get_os_id(optarg);
 233                         if (params.os < 0) {
 234                                 show_valid_options(IH_OS);
 235                                 usage("Invalid operating system");
 236                         }
 237                         break;
 238                 case 'p':
 239                         params.external_offset = strtoull(optarg, &ptr, 16);
 240                         if (*ptr) {
 241                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid offset size %s\n",
 242                                         params.cmdname, optarg);
 243                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 244                         }
 245                         break;
 246                 case 'q':
 247                         params.quiet = 1;
 248                         break;
 249                 case 'r':
 250                         params.require_keys = 1;
 251                         break;
 252                 case 'R':
 253                         /*
 254                          * This entry is for the second configuration
 255                          * file, if only one is not enough.
 256                          */
 257                         params.imagename2 = optarg;
 258                         break;
 259                 case 's':
 260                         params.skipcpy = 1;
 261                         break;
 262                 case 'T':
 263                         if (strcmp(optarg, "list") == 0) {
 264                                 show_valid_options(IH_TYPE);
 265                                 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 266                         }
 267                         type = genimg_get_type_id(optarg);
 268                         if (type < 0) {
 269                                 show_valid_options(IH_TYPE);
 270                                 usage("Invalid image type");
 271                         }
 272                         break;
 273                 case 'v':
 274                         params.vflag++;
 275                         break;
 276                 case 'V':
 277                         printf("mkimage version %s\n", PLAIN_VERSION);
 278                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 279                 case 'x':
 280                         params.xflag++;
 281                         break;
 282                 default:
 283                         usage("Invalid option");
 284                 }
 285         }
 286
 287         /* The last parameter is expected to be the imagefile */
 288         if (optind < argc)
 289                 params.imagefile = argv[optind];
 290
 291         /*
 292          * For auto-generated FIT images we need to know the image type to put
 293          * in the FIT, which is separate from the file's image type (which
 294          * will always be IH_TYPE_FLATDT in this case).
 295          */
 296         if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FLATDT) {
 297                 params.fit_image_type = type ? type : IH_TYPE_KERNEL;
 298                 /* For auto_its, datafile is always 'auto' */
 299                 if (!params.auto_its)
 300                         params.datafile = datafile;
 301                 else if (!params.datafile)
 302                         usage("Missing data file for auto-FIT (use -d)");
 303         } else if (type != IH_TYPE_INVALID) {
 304                 params.type = type;
 305         }
 306
 307         if (!params.imagefile)
 308                 usage("Missing output filename");
 309 }
 310
 311 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 312 {
 313         int ifd = -1;
 314         struct stat sbuf;
 315         char *ptr;
 316         int retval = 0;
 317         struct image_type_params *tparams = NULL;
 318         int pad_len = 0;
 319         int dfd;
 320
 321         params.cmdname = *argv;
 322         params.addr = 0;
 323         params.ep = 0;
 324
 325         process_args(argc, argv);
 326
 327         /* set tparams as per input type_id */
 328         tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
 329         if (tparams == NULL) {
 330                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unsupported type %s\n",
 331                         params.cmdname, genimg_get_type_name(params.type));
 332                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 333         }
 334
 335         /*
 336          * check the passed arguments parameters meets the requirements
 337          * as per image type to be generated/listed
 338          */
 339         if (tparams->check_params)
 340                 if (tparams->check_params (&params))
 341                         usage("Bad parameters for image type");
 342
 343         if (!params.eflag) {
 344                 params.ep = params.addr;
 345                 /* If XIP, entry point must be after the U-Boot header */
 346                 if (params.xflag)
 347                         params.ep += tparams->header_size;
 348         }
 349
 350         if (params.fflag){
 351                 if (tparams->fflag_handle)
 352                         /*
 353                          * in some cases, some additional processing needs
 354                          * to be done if fflag is defined
 355                          *
 356                          * For ex. fit_handle_file for Fit file support
 357                          */
 358                         retval = tparams->fflag_handle(&params);
 359
 360                 if (retval != EXIT_SUCCESS)
 361                         exit (retval);
 362         }
 363
 364         if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 365                 ifd = open (params.imagefile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
 366         } else {
 367                 ifd = open (params.imagefile,
 368                         O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0666);
 369         }
 370
 371         if (ifd < 0) {
 372                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 373                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 374                         strerror(errno));
 375                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 376         }
 377
 378         if (params.lflag || params.fflag) {
 379                 /*
 380                  * list header information of existing image
 381                  */
 382                 if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 383                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 384                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 385                                 strerror(errno));
 386                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 387                 }
 388
 389                 if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 390                         fprintf (stderr,
 391                                 "%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is not valid image\n",
 392                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile);
 393                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 394                 }
 395
 396                 ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 397                 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 398                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 399                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 400                                 strerror(errno));
 401                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 402                 }
 403
 404                 /*
 405                  * scan through mkimage registry for all supported image types
 406                  * and verify the input image file header for match
 407                  * Print the image information for matched image type
 408                  * Returns the error code if not matched
 409                  */
 410                 retval = imagetool_verify_print_header(ptr, &sbuf,
 411                                 tparams, &params);
 412
 413                 (void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 414                 (void) close (ifd);
 415
 416                 exit (retval);
 417         }
 418
 419         if ((params.type != IH_TYPE_MULTI) && (params.type != IH_TYPE_SCRIPT)) {
 420                 dfd = open(params.datafile, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 421                 if (dfd < 0) {
 422                         fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 423                                 params.cmdname, params.datafile,
 424                                 strerror(errno));
 425                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 426                 }
 427
 428                 if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 429                         fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 430                                 params.cmdname, params.datafile,
 431                                 strerror(errno));
 432                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 433                 }
 434
 435                 params.file_size = sbuf.st_size + tparams->header_size;
 436                 close(dfd);
 437         }
 438
 439         /*
 440          * In case there an header with a variable
 441          * length will be added, the corresponding
 442          * function is called. This is responsible to
 443          * allocate memory for the header itself.
 444          */
 445         if (tparams->vrec_header)
 446                 pad_len = tparams->vrec_header(&params, tparams);
 447         else
 448                 memset(tparams->hdr, 0, tparams->header_size);
 449
 450         if (write(ifd, tparams->hdr, tparams->header_size)
 451                                         != tparams->header_size) {
 452                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 453                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 454                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 455         }
 456
 457         if (!params.skipcpy) {
 458                 if (params.type == IH_TYPE_MULTI ||
 459                     params.type == IH_TYPE_SCRIPT) {
 460                         char *file = params.datafile;
 461                         uint32_t size;
 462
 463                         for (;;) {
 464                                 char *sep = NULL;
 465
 466                                 if (file) {
 467                                         if ((sep = strchr(file, ':')) != NULL) {
 468                                                 *sep = '\0';
 469                                         }
 470
 471                                         if (stat (file, &sbuf) < 0) {
 472                                                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 473                                                          params.cmdname, file, strerror(errno));
 474                                                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 475                                         }
 476                                         size = cpu_to_uimage (sbuf.st_size);
 477                                 } else {
 478                                         size = 0;
 479                                 }
 480
 481                                 if (write(ifd, (char *)&size, sizeof(size)) != sizeof(size)) {
 482                                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 483                                                  params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 484                                                  strerror(errno));
 485                                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 486                                 }
 487
 488                                 if (!file) {
 489                                         break;
 490                                 }
 491
 492                                 if (sep) {
 493                                         *sep = ':';
 494                                         file = sep + 1;
 495                                 } else {
 496                                         file = NULL;
 497                                 }
 498                         }
 499
 500                         file = params.datafile;
 501
 502                         for (;;) {
 503                                 char *sep = strchr(file, ':');
 504                                 if (sep) {
 505                                         *sep = '\0';
 506                                         copy_file (ifd, file, 1);
 507                                         *sep++ = ':';
 508                                         file = sep;
 509                                 } else {
 510                                         copy_file (ifd, file, 0);
 511                                         break;
 512                                 }
 513                         }
 514                 } else if (params.type == IH_TYPE_PBLIMAGE) {
 515                         /* PBL has special Image format, implements its' own */
 516                         pbl_load_uboot(ifd, &params);
 517                 } else {
 518                         copy_file(ifd, params.datafile, pad_len);
 519                 }
 520                 if (params.type == IH_TYPE_FIRMWARE_IVT) {
 521                         /* Add alignment and IVT */
 522                         uint32_t aligned_filesize = (params.file_size + 0x1000
 523                                         - 1) & ~(0x1000 - 1);
 524                         flash_header_v2_t ivt_header = { { 0xd1, 0x2000, 0x40 },
 525                                         params.addr, 0, 0, 0, params.addr
 526                                                         + aligned_filesize
 527                                                         - tparams->header_size,
 528                                         params.addr + aligned_filesize
 529                                                         - tparams->header_size
 530                                                         + 0x20, 0 };
 531                         int i = params.file_size;
 532                         for (; i < aligned_filesize; i++) {
 533                                 if (write(ifd, (char *) &i, 1) != 1) {
 534                                         fprintf(stderr,
 535                                                         "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 536                                                         params.cmdname,
 537                                                         params.imagefile,
 538                                                         strerror(errno));
 539                                         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 540                                 }
 541                         }
 542                         if (write(ifd, &ivt_header, sizeof(flash_header_v2_t))
 543                                         != sizeof(flash_header_v2_t)) {
 544                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 545                                                 params.cmdname,
 546                                                 params.imagefile,
 547                                                 strerror(errno));
 548                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 549                         }
 550                 }
 551         }
 552
 553         /* We're a bit of paranoid */
 554 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
 555    !defined(__sun__) && \
 556    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
 557    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
 558    !defined(__APPLE__)
 559         (void) fdatasync (ifd);
 560 #else
 561         (void) fsync (ifd);
 562 #endif
 563
 564         if (fstat(ifd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 565                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 566                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 567                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 568         }
 569         params.file_size = sbuf.st_size;
 570
 571         ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, ifd, 0);
 572         if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 573                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't map %s: %s\n",
 574                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 575                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 576         }
 577
 578         /* Setup the image header as per input image type*/
 579         if (tparams->set_header)
 580                 tparams->set_header (ptr, &sbuf, ifd, &params);
 581         else {
 582                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't set header for %s: %s\n",
 583                         params.cmdname, tparams->name, strerror(errno));
 584                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 585         }
 586
 587         /* Print the image information by processing image header */
 588         if (tparams->print_header)
 589                 tparams->print_header (ptr);
 590         else {
 591                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't print header for %s\n",
 592                         params.cmdname, tparams->name);
 593         }
 594
 595         (void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 596
 597         /* We're a bit of paranoid */
 598 #if defined(_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO) && \
 599    !defined(__sun__) && \
 600    !defined(__FreeBSD__) && \
 601    !defined(__OpenBSD__) && \
 602    !defined(__APPLE__)
 603         (void) fdatasync (ifd);
 604 #else
 605         (void) fsync (ifd);
 606 #endif
 607
 608         if (close(ifd)) {
 609                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 610                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 611                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 612         }
 613
 614         exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
 615 }
 616
 617 static void
 618 copy_file (int ifd, const char *datafile, int pad)
 619 {
 620         int dfd;
 621         struct stat sbuf;
 622         unsigned char *ptr;
 623         int tail;
 624         int zero = 0;
 625         uint8_t zeros[4096];
 626         int offset = 0;
 627         int size;
 628         struct image_type_params *tparams = imagetool_get_type(params.type);
 629
 630         memset(zeros, 0, sizeof(zeros));
 631
 632         if (params.vflag) {
 633                 fprintf (stderr, "Adding Image %s\n", datafile);
 634         }
 635
 636         if ((dfd = open(datafile, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 637                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't open %s: %s\n",
 638                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 639                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 640         }
 641
 642         if (fstat(dfd, &sbuf) < 0) {
 643                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't stat %s: %s\n",
 644                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 645                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 646         }
 647
 648         ptr = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, dfd, 0);
 649         if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
 650                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Can't read %s: %s\n",
 651                         params.cmdname, datafile, strerror(errno));
 652                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 653         }
 654
 655         if (params.xflag) {
 656                 unsigned char *p = NULL;
 657                 /*
 658                  * XIP: do not append the image_header_t at the
 659                  * beginning of the file, but consume the space
 660                  * reserved for it.
 661                  */
 662
 663                 if ((unsigned)sbuf.st_size < tparams->header_size) {
 664                         fprintf (stderr,
 665                                 "%s: Bad size: \"%s\" is too small for XIP\n",
 666                                 params.cmdname, datafile);
 667                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 668                 }
 669
 670                 for (p = ptr; p < ptr + tparams->header_size; p++) {
 671                         if ( *p != 0xff ) {
 672                                 fprintf (stderr,
 673                                         "%s: Bad file: \"%s\" has invalid buffer for XIP\n",
 674                                         params.cmdname, datafile);
 675                                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 676                         }
 677                 }
 678
 679                 offset = tparams->header_size;
 680         }
 681
 682         size = sbuf.st_size - offset;
 683         if (write(ifd, ptr + offset, size) != size) {
 684                 fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 685                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile, strerror(errno));
 686                 exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 687         }
 688
 689         tail = size % 4;
 690         if ((pad == 1) && (tail != 0)) {
 691
 692                 if (write(ifd, (char *)&zero, 4-tail) != 4-tail) {
 693                         fprintf (stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 694                                 params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 695                                 strerror(errno));
 696                         exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
 697                 }
 698         } else if (pad > 1) {
 699                 while (pad > 0) {
 700                         int todo = sizeof(zeros);
 701
 702                         if (todo > pad)
 703                                 todo = pad;
 704                         if (write(ifd, (char *)&zeros, todo) != todo) {
 705                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Write error on %s: %s\n",
 706                                         params.cmdname, params.imagefile,
 707                                         strerror(errno));
 708                                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 709                         }
 710                         pad -= todo;
 711                 }
 712         }
 713
 714         (void) munmap((void *)ptr, sbuf.st_size);
 715         (void) close (dfd);
 716 }