2 * Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Steven Barth <steven@midlink.org>
3 * Copyright (C) 2018 Hans Dedecker <dedeckeh@gmail.com>
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2 as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
21 #include <sys/timerfd.h>
22 #include <arpa/inet.h>
24 #include <libubox/utils.h>
30 static void relay_client_request(struct sockaddr_in6 *source,
31 const void *data, size_t len, struct interface *iface);
32 static void relay_server_response(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
34 static void handle_dhcpv6(void *addr, void *data, size_t len,
35 struct interface *iface, void *dest);
36 static void handle_client_request(void *addr, void *data, size_t len,
37 struct interface *iface, void *dest_addr);
40 /* Create socket and register events */
43 return dhcpv6_ia_init();
46 int dhcpv6_setup_interface(struct interface *iface, bool enable)
50 enable = enable && (iface->dhcpv6 != MODE_DISABLED);
52 if (iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd >= 0) {
53 uloop_fd_delete(&iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop);
54 close(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd);
55 iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd = -1;
58 /* Configure multicast settings */
60 struct sockaddr_in6 bind_addr = {AF_INET6, htons(DHCPV6_SERVER_PORT),
61 0, IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT, 0};
62 struct ipv6_mreq mreq;
65 iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, IPPROTO_UDP);
66 if (iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd < 0) {
67 syslog(LOG_ERR, "socket(AF_INET6): %m");
72 /* Basic IPv6 configuration */
73 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE,
74 iface->ifname, strlen(iface->ifname)) < 0) {
75 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(SO_BINDTODEVICE): %m");
80 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY,
81 &val, sizeof(val)) < 0) {
82 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(IPV6_V6ONLY): %m");
87 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
88 &val, sizeof(val)) < 0) {
89 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR): %m");
94 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO,
95 &val, sizeof(val)) < 0) {
96 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO): %m");
101 val = DHCPV6_HOP_COUNT_LIMIT;
102 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
103 &val, sizeof(val)) < 0) {
104 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS): %m");
110 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
111 &val, sizeof(val)) < 0) {
112 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP): %m");
117 if (bind(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, (struct sockaddr*)&bind_addr,
118 sizeof(bind_addr)) < 0) {
119 syslog(LOG_ERR, "bind(): %m");
124 memset(&mreq, 0, sizeof(mreq));
125 inet_pton(AF_INET6, ALL_DHCPV6_RELAYS, &mreq.ipv6mr_multiaddr);
126 mreq.ipv6mr_interface = iface->ifindex;
128 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
129 &mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0) {
130 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP): %m");
135 if (iface->dhcpv6 == MODE_SERVER) {
136 memset(&mreq, 0, sizeof(mreq));
137 inet_pton(AF_INET6, ALL_DHCPV6_SERVERS, &mreq.ipv6mr_multiaddr);
138 mreq.ipv6mr_interface = iface->ifindex;
140 if (setsockopt(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
141 &mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0) {
142 syslog(LOG_ERR, "setsockopt(IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP): %m");
148 iface->dhcpv6_event.handle_dgram = handle_dhcpv6;
149 odhcpd_register(&iface->dhcpv6_event);
152 ret = dhcpv6_ia_setup_interface(iface, enable);
155 if (ret < 0 && iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd >= 0) {
156 close(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd);
157 iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd = -1;
167 #define IOV_STAT IOV_MAXRT
174 #define IOV_REFRESH IOV_PDBUF
181 static void handle_nested_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len,
182 struct dhcpv6_client_header **c_hdr, uint8_t **opts,
183 uint8_t **end, struct iovec iov[IOV_TOTAL])
185 struct dhcpv6_relay_header *r_hdr = (struct dhcpv6_relay_header *)data;
186 uint16_t otype, olen;
189 if (iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_base == NULL) {
190 iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_base = data;
191 iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_len = len;
194 if (len < sizeof(struct dhcpv6_client_header))
197 if (r_hdr->msg_type != DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_FORW) {
198 iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_len = data - (uint8_t *)iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_base;
199 *c_hdr = (void *)data;
200 *opts = (uint8_t *)&(*c_hdr)[1];
205 dhcpv6_for_each_option(r_hdr->options, data + len, otype, olen, odata) {
206 if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_RELAY_MSG) {
207 iov[IOV_RELAY_MSG].iov_base = odata + olen;
208 iov[IOV_RELAY_MSG].iov_len = (((uint8_t *)iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_base) +
209 iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_len) - (odata + olen);
210 handle_nested_message(odata, olen, c_hdr, opts, end, iov);
217 static void update_nested_message(uint8_t *data, size_t len, ssize_t pdiff)
219 struct dhcpv6_relay_header *hdr = (struct dhcpv6_relay_header*)data;
220 if (hdr->msg_type != DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_FORW)
223 hdr->msg_type = DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_REPL;
225 uint16_t otype, olen;
227 dhcpv6_for_each_option(hdr->options, data + len, otype, olen, odata) {
228 if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_RELAY_MSG) {
230 odata[-2] = (olen >> 8) & 0xff;
231 odata[-1] = olen & 0xff;
232 update_nested_message(odata, olen - pdiff, pdiff);
238 /* Simple DHCPv6-server for information requests */
239 static void handle_client_request(void *addr, void *data, size_t len,
240 struct interface *iface, void *dest_addr)
242 struct dhcpv6_client_header *hdr = data;
243 uint8_t *opts = (uint8_t *)&hdr[1], *opts_end = (uint8_t *)data + len;
244 bool o_rapid_commit = false;
246 if (len < sizeof(*hdr))
249 syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Got a DHCPv6-request on %s", iface->name);
251 /* Construct reply message */
252 struct __attribute__((packed)) {
255 uint16_t serverid_type;
256 uint16_t serverid_length;
258 uint16_t hardware_type;
260 uint16_t clientid_type;
261 uint16_t clientid_length;
262 uint8_t clientid_buf[130];
264 .msg_type = DHCPV6_MSG_REPLY,
265 .serverid_type = htons(DHCPV6_OPT_SERVERID),
266 .serverid_length = htons(10),
267 .duid_type = htons(3),
268 .hardware_type = htons(1),
269 .clientid_type = htons(DHCPV6_OPT_CLIENTID),
272 odhcpd_get_mac(iface, dest.mac);
274 struct __attribute__((packed)) {
278 } maxrt = {htons(DHCPV6_OPT_SOL_MAX_RT), htons(sizeof(maxrt) - 4),
281 struct __attribute__((packed)) {
284 } rapid_commit = {htons(DHCPV6_OPT_RAPID_COMMIT), 0};
286 struct __attribute__((packed)) {
290 } stat = {htons(DHCPV6_OPT_STATUS), htons(sizeof(stat) - 4),
291 htons(DHCPV6_STATUS_USEMULTICAST)};
293 struct __attribute__((packed)) {
297 } refresh = {htons(DHCPV6_OPT_INFO_REFRESH), htons(sizeof(uint32_t)),
300 struct in6_addr dns_addr, *dns_addr_ptr = iface->dns;
301 size_t dns_cnt = iface->dns_cnt;
303 if ((dns_cnt == 0) &&
304 !odhcpd_get_interface_dns_addr(iface, &dns_addr)) {
305 dns_addr_ptr = &dns_addr;
312 } dns = {htons(DHCPV6_OPT_DNS_SERVERS), htons(dns_cnt * sizeof(*dns_addr_ptr))};
316 /* DNS Search options */
317 uint8_t search_buf[256], *search_domain = iface->search;
318 size_t search_len = iface->search_len;
320 if (!search_domain && !res_init() && _res.dnsrch[0] && _res.dnsrch[0][0]) {
321 int len = dn_comp(_res.dnsrch[0], search_buf,
322 sizeof(search_buf), NULL, NULL);
324 search_domain = search_buf;
332 } search = {htons(DHCPV6_OPT_DNS_DOMAIN), htons(search_len)};
335 struct dhcpv6_cer_id cerid = {
337 .type = htons(EXT_CER_ID),
340 .addr = iface->dhcpv6_pd_cer,
345 struct iovec iov[IOV_TOTAL] = {
346 [IOV_NESTED] = {NULL, 0},
347 [IOV_DEST] = {&dest, (uint8_t*)&dest.clientid_type - (uint8_t*)&dest},
348 [IOV_MAXRT] = {&maxrt, sizeof(maxrt)},
349 [IOV_RAPID_COMMIT] = {&rapid_commit, 0},
350 [IOV_DNS] = {&dns, (dns_cnt) ? sizeof(dns) : 0},
351 [IOV_DNS_ADDR] = {dns_addr_ptr, dns_cnt * sizeof(*dns_addr_ptr)},
352 [IOV_SEARCH] = {&search, (search_len) ? sizeof(search) : 0},
353 [IOV_SEARCH_DOMAIN] = {search_domain, search_len},
354 [IOV_PDBUF] = {pdbuf, 0},
355 [IOV_CERID] = {&cerid, 0},
356 [IOV_DHCPV6_RAW] = {iface->dhcpv6_raw, iface->dhcpv6_raw_len},
357 [IOV_RELAY_MSG] = {NULL, 0}
360 if (hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_FORW)
361 handle_nested_message(data, len, &hdr, &opts, &opts_end, iov);
363 if (hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_ADVERTISE || hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_REPLY ||
364 hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_REPL)
367 if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST((struct in6_addr *)dest_addr) && iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_len == 0 &&
368 (hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_SOLICIT || hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_CONFIRM ||
369 hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_REBIND || hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_INFORMATION_REQUEST))
372 memcpy(dest.tr_id, hdr->transaction_id, sizeof(dest.tr_id));
374 /* Go through options and find what we need */
375 uint16_t otype, olen;
377 dhcpv6_for_each_option(opts, opts_end, otype, olen, odata) {
378 if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_CLIENTID && olen <= 130) {
379 dest.clientid_length = htons(olen);
380 memcpy(dest.clientid_buf, odata, olen);
381 iov[IOV_DEST].iov_len += 4 + olen;
382 } else if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_SERVERID) {
383 if (olen != ntohs(dest.serverid_length) ||
384 memcmp(odata, &dest.duid_type, olen))
385 return; /* Not for us */
386 } else if (iface->filter_class && otype == DHCPV6_OPT_USER_CLASS) {
387 uint8_t *c = odata, *cend = &odata[olen];
388 for (; &c[2] <= cend && &c[2 + (c[0] << 8) + c[1]] <= cend; c = &c[2 + (c[0] << 8) + c[1]]) {
389 size_t elen = strlen(iface->filter_class);
390 if (((((size_t)c[0]) << 8) | c[1]) == elen && !memcmp(&c[2], iface->filter_class, elen))
391 return; /* Ignore from homenet */
393 } else if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_IA_PD) {
395 iov[IOV_CERID].iov_len = sizeof(cerid);
397 if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&cerid.addr)) {
398 struct odhcpd_ipaddr *addrs;
399 ssize_t len = netlink_get_interface_addrs(0, true, &addrs);
401 for (ssize_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
402 if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&cerid.addr)
403 || memcmp(&addrs[i].addr, &cerid.addr, sizeof(cerid.addr)) < 0)
404 cerid.addr = addrs[i].addr.in6;
409 } else if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_RAPID_COMMIT && hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_SOLICIT) {
410 iov[IOV_RAPID_COMMIT].iov_len = sizeof(rapid_commit);
411 o_rapid_commit = true;
415 if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST((struct in6_addr *)dest_addr) && iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_len == 0 &&
416 (hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_REQUEST || hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_RENEW ||
417 hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_RELEASE || hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_DECLINE)) {
418 iov[IOV_STAT].iov_base = &stat;
419 iov[IOV_STAT].iov_len = sizeof(stat);
421 for (ssize_t i = IOV_STAT + 1; i < IOV_TOTAL; ++i)
424 odhcpd_send(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, addr, iov, ARRAY_SIZE(iov), iface);
428 if (hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_SOLICIT && !o_rapid_commit) {
429 dest.msg_type = DHCPV6_MSG_ADVERTISE;
430 } else if (hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_INFORMATION_REQUEST) {
431 iov[IOV_REFRESH].iov_base = &refresh;
432 iov[IOV_REFRESH].iov_len = sizeof(refresh);
434 /* Return inf max rt option in reply to information request */
435 maxrt.type = htons(DHCPV6_OPT_INF_MAX_RT);
438 if (hdr->msg_type != DHCPV6_MSG_INFORMATION_REQUEST) {
439 ssize_t ialen = dhcpv6_ia_handle_IAs(pdbuf, sizeof(pdbuf), iface, addr, (const void *)hdr, opts_end);
441 iov[IOV_PDBUF].iov_len = ialen;
443 (ialen == 0 && (hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_REBIND || hdr->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_CONFIRM)))
447 if (iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_len > 0) /* Update length */
448 update_nested_message(data, len, iov[IOV_DEST].iov_len + iov[IOV_MAXRT].iov_len +
449 iov[IOV_RAPID_COMMIT].iov_len + iov[IOV_DNS].iov_len +
450 iov[IOV_DNS_ADDR].iov_len + iov[IOV_SEARCH].iov_len +
451 iov[IOV_SEARCH_DOMAIN].iov_len + iov[IOV_PDBUF].iov_len +
452 iov[IOV_CERID].iov_len + iov[IOV_DHCPV6_RAW].iov_len -
453 (4 + opts_end - opts));
455 syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Sending a DHCPv6-%s on %s", iov[IOV_NESTED].iov_len ? "relay-reply" : "reply", iface->name);
457 odhcpd_send(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, addr, iov, ARRAY_SIZE(iov), iface);
461 /* Central DHCPv6-relay handler */
462 static void handle_dhcpv6(void *addr, void *data, size_t len,
463 struct interface *iface, void *dest_addr)
465 if (iface->dhcpv6 == MODE_SERVER) {
466 handle_client_request(addr, data, len, iface, dest_addr);
467 } else if (iface->dhcpv6 == MODE_RELAY) {
469 relay_server_response(data, len);
471 relay_client_request(addr, data, len, iface);
476 /* Relay server response (regular relay server handling) */
477 static void relay_server_response(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
479 /* Information we need to gather */
480 uint8_t *payload_data = NULL;
481 size_t payload_len = 0;
482 int32_t ifaceidx = 0;
483 struct sockaddr_in6 target = {AF_INET6, htons(DHCPV6_CLIENT_PORT),
484 0, IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT, 0};
486 uint8_t *odata, *end = data + len;
487 /* Relay DHCPv6 reply from server to client */
488 struct dhcpv6_relay_header *h = (void*)data;
490 syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Got a DHCPv6-relay-reply");
492 if (len < sizeof(*h) || h->msg_type != DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_REPL)
495 memcpy(&target.sin6_addr, &h->peer_address, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
497 /* Go through options and find what we need */
498 dhcpv6_for_each_option(h->options, end, otype, olen, odata) {
499 if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_INTERFACE_ID
500 && olen == sizeof(ifaceidx)) {
501 memcpy(&ifaceidx, odata, sizeof(ifaceidx));
502 } else if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_RELAY_MSG) {
503 payload_data = odata;
508 /* Invalid interface-id or basic payload */
509 struct interface *iface = odhcpd_get_interface_by_index(ifaceidx);
510 if (!iface || iface->master || !payload_data || payload_len < 4)
513 bool is_authenticated = false;
514 struct in6_addr *dns_ptr = NULL;
515 size_t dns_count = 0;
517 /* If the payload is relay-reply we have to send to the server port */
518 if (payload_data[0] == DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_REPL) {
519 target.sin6_port = htons(DHCPV6_SERVER_PORT);
520 } else { /* Go through the payload data */
521 struct dhcpv6_client_header *h = (void*)payload_data;
522 end = payload_data + payload_len;
524 dhcpv6_for_each_option(&h[1], end, otype, olen, odata) {
525 if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_DNS_SERVERS && olen >= 16) {
526 dns_ptr = (struct in6_addr*)odata;
527 dns_count = olen / 16;
528 } else if (otype == DHCPV6_OPT_AUTH) {
529 is_authenticated = true;
534 /* Rewrite DNS servers if requested */
535 if (iface->always_rewrite_dns && dns_ptr && dns_count > 0) {
536 if (is_authenticated)
537 return; /* Impossible to rewrite */
539 const struct in6_addr *rewrite = iface->dns;
540 struct in6_addr addr;
541 size_t rewrite_cnt = iface->dns_cnt;
543 if (rewrite_cnt == 0) {
544 if (odhcpd_get_interface_dns_addr(iface, &addr))
545 return; /* Unable to get interface address */
551 /* Copy over any other addresses */
552 for (size_t i = 0; i < dns_count; ++i) {
553 size_t j = (i < rewrite_cnt) ? i : rewrite_cnt - 1;
554 memcpy(&dns_ptr[i], &rewrite[j], sizeof(*rewrite));
558 struct iovec iov = {payload_data, payload_len};
560 syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Sending a DHCPv6-reply on %s", iface->name);
562 odhcpd_send(iface->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, &target, &iov, 1, iface);
565 static struct odhcpd_ipaddr *relay_link_address(struct interface *iface)
567 struct odhcpd_ipaddr *addr = NULL;
568 time_t now = odhcpd_time();
570 for (size_t i = 0; i < iface->addr6_len; i++) {
571 if (iface->addr6[i].valid <= (uint32_t)now)
574 if (iface->addr6[i].preferred > (uint32_t)now) {
575 addr = &iface->addr6[i];
579 if (!addr || (iface->addr6[i].valid > addr->valid))
580 addr = &iface->addr6[i];
586 /* Relay client request (regular DHCPv6-relay) */
587 static void relay_client_request(struct sockaddr_in6 *source,
588 const void *data, size_t len, struct interface *iface)
590 const struct dhcpv6_relay_header *h = data;
591 /* Construct our forwarding envelope */
592 struct dhcpv6_relay_forward_envelope hdr = {
593 .msg_type = DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_FORW,
595 .interface_id_type = htons(DHCPV6_OPT_INTERFACE_ID),
596 .interface_id_len = htons(sizeof(uint32_t)),
597 .relay_message_type = htons(DHCPV6_OPT_RELAY_MSG),
598 .relay_message_len = htons(len),
600 struct iovec iov[2] = {{&hdr, sizeof(hdr)}, {(void *)data, len}};
602 struct odhcpd_ipaddr *ip;
603 struct sockaddr_in6 s;
605 if (h->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_REPL ||
606 h->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_RECONFIGURE ||
607 h->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_REPLY ||
608 h->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_ADVERTISE)
609 return; /* Invalid message types for client */
611 syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Got a DHCPv6-request on %s", iface->name);
613 if (h->msg_type == DHCPV6_MSG_RELAY_FORW) { /* handle relay-forward */
614 if (h->hop_count >= DHCPV6_HOP_COUNT_LIMIT)
615 return; /* Invalid hop count */
617 hdr.hop_count = h->hop_count + 1;
620 /* use memcpy here as the destination fields are unaligned */
621 memcpy(&hdr.peer_address, &source->sin6_addr, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
622 memcpy(&hdr.interface_id_data, &iface->ifindex, sizeof(iface->ifindex));
624 /* Detect public IP of slave interface to use as link-address */
625 ip = relay_link_address(iface);
627 memcpy(&hdr.link_address, &ip->addr.in6, sizeof(hdr.link_address));
629 memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
630 s.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
631 s.sin6_port = htons(DHCPV6_SERVER_PORT);
632 inet_pton(AF_INET6, ALL_DHCPV6_SERVERS, &s.sin6_addr);
634 avl_for_each_element(&interfaces, c, avl) {
635 if (!c->master || c->dhcpv6 != MODE_RELAY)
639 /* No suitable address! Is the slave not configured yet?
640 * Detect public IP of master interface and use it instead
641 * This is WRONG and probably violates the RFC. However
642 * otherwise we have a hen and egg problem because the
643 * slave-interface cannot be auto-configured. */
644 ip = relay_link_address(c);
646 continue; /* Could not obtain a suitable address */
648 memcpy(&hdr.link_address, &ip->addr.in6, sizeof(hdr.link_address));
652 syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Sending a DHCPv6-relay-forward on %s", c->name);
654 odhcpd_send(c->dhcpv6_event.uloop.fd, &s, iov, 2, c);