1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
4 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
6 * Busybox port by Vladimir Oleynik (C) 2005 <dzo@simtreas.ru>
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
10 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
11 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
12 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
13 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
14 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
15 * ''This product includes software developed by the University of California,
16 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
17 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
18 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ''AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
21 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
22 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
28 * Modified for NRL 4.4BSD IPv6 release.
31 * Modified for Linux IPv6 by Pedro Roque <roque@di.fc.ul.pt>
34 * As ICMP error messages for IPv6 now include more than 8 bytes
35 * UDP datagrams are now sent via an UDP socket instead of magic
38 * Converted to busybox applet by Leonid Lisovskiy <lly@sf.net>
43 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
45 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
46 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
47 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
48 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
49 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
50 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
51 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
52 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
53 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
54 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
55 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
56 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
57 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
60 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
61 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
62 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
63 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
65 * A sample use might be:
67 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
68 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
69 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
70 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
71 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
72 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
73 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
74 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
75 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
76 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
77 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
78 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
79 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
81 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
82 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
83 * packets with a zero ttl.
85 * A more interesting example is:
87 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
88 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
89 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
90 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
91 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
92 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
93 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
94 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
95 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
96 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
97 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
98 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
99 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
101 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
106 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
108 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
109 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
110 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
111 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
112 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
113 * only knows what's going on with 12.
115 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
116 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
117 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
118 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
119 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
120 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
121 * when it appears on the destination system:
123 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
124 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
125 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
126 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
127 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
128 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
135 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
137 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
138 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
139 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
140 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
141 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
142 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
143 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
144 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
145 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
146 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
147 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
148 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
149 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
152 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
153 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
154 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
155 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
156 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
157 * will give up and exit.
161 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
162 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
163 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
165 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
166 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
167 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
168 * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README
169 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
170 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
171 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
172 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
174 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
175 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
176 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
177 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
178 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
179 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
180 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
181 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
182 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
183 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
184 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
185 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
186 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
187 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
188 * port number before each probe.
190 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
191 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
192 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
194 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
195 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
196 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
197 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
198 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
199 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
201 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
202 * enhancements to the original distribution.
204 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
205 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
206 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
207 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
209 * -- Van Jacobson (van@ee.lbl.gov)
210 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
212 //config:config TRACEROUTE
213 //config: bool "traceroute (11 kb)"
215 //config: select PLATFORM_LINUX
217 //config: Utility to trace the route of IP packets.
219 //config:config TRACEROUTE6
220 //config: bool "traceroute6 (12 kb)"
222 //config: depends on FEATURE_IPV6
224 //config: Utility to trace the route of IPv6 packets.
226 //config:config FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
227 //config: bool "Enable verbose output"
229 //config: depends on TRACEROUTE || TRACEROUTE6
231 //config: Add some verbosity to traceroute. This includes among other things
232 //config: hostnames and ICMP response types.
234 //config:config FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP
235 //config: bool "Enable -I option (use ICMP instead of UDP)"
237 //config: depends on TRACEROUTE || TRACEROUTE6
239 /* Needs socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP), therefore BB_SUID_MAYBE: */
240 //applet:IF_TRACEROUTE(APPLET(traceroute, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_MAYBE))
241 //applet:IF_TRACEROUTE6(APPLET(traceroute6, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_MAYBE))
243 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_TRACEROUTE) += traceroute.o
244 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_TRACEROUTE6) += traceroute.o
246 //usage:#define traceroute_trivial_usage
247 //usage: "[-"IF_TRACEROUTE6("46")"FIlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT]\n"
248 //usage: " [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE]\n"
249 //usage: " [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]"
250 //usage:#define traceroute_full_usage "\n\n"
251 //usage: "Trace the route to HOST\n"
252 //usage: IF_TRACEROUTE6(
253 //usage: "\n -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution"
255 //usage: "\n -F Set don't fragment bit"
256 //usage: IF_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP(
257 //usage: "\n -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams"
259 //usage: "\n -l Display TTL value of the returned packet"
260 //Currently disabled (TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG==0)
261 ////usage: "\n -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket"
262 //usage: "\n -n Print numeric addresses"
263 //usage: "\n -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST"
264 //usage: IF_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE(
265 //usage: "\n -v Verbose"
267 //usage: "\n -f N First number of hops (default 1)"
268 //usage: "\n -m N Max number of hops"
269 //usage: "\n -q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)"
270 //usage: "\n -p N Base UDP port number used in probes"
271 //usage: "\n (default 33434)"
272 //usage: "\n -s IP Source address"
273 //usage: "\n -i IFACE Source interface"
274 //usage: "\n -t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)"
275 //usage: "\n -w SEC Time to wait for a response (default 3)"
276 //usage: "\n -g IP Loose source route gateway (8 max)"
278 //usage:#define traceroute6_trivial_usage
279 //usage: "[-nrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT]\n"
280 //usage: " [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE]\n"
281 //usage: " HOST [BYTES]"
282 //usage:#define traceroute6_full_usage "\n\n"
283 //usage: "Trace the route to HOST\n"
284 //Currently disabled (TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG==0)
285 ////usage: "\n -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket"
286 //usage: "\n -n Print numeric addresses"
287 //usage: "\n -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST"
288 //usage: IF_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE(
289 //usage: "\n -v Verbose"
291 //usage: "\n -m N Max number of hops"
292 //usage: "\n -q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)"
293 //usage: "\n -p N Base UDP port number used in probes"
294 //usage: "\n (default 33434)"
295 //usage: "\n -s IP Source address"
296 //usage: "\n -i IFACE Source interface"
297 //usage: "\n -t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)"
298 //usage: "\n -w SEC Time wait for a response (default 3)"
300 #define TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG 0
303 #include <arpa/inet.h>
304 #include <netinet/in.h>
305 #include <netinet/udp.h>
306 #include <netinet/ip.h>
307 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
308 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
309 # include <netinet/ip6.h>
310 # include <netinet/icmp6.h>
312 # define SOL_IPV6 IPPROTO_IPV6
314 # if defined(IPV6_PKTINFO) && !defined(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)
315 # define IPV6_RECVPKTINFO IPV6_PKTINFO
320 #include "inet_common.h"
323 # define IPPROTO_ICMP 1
326 # define IPPROTO_IP 0
329 /* Some operating systems, like GNU/Hurd, don't define SOL_RAW, but do have
330 * IPPROTO_RAW. Since the IPPROTO definitions are also valid to use for
331 * setsockopt (and take the same value as their corresponding SOL definitions,
332 * if they exist), we can just fall back on IPPROTO_RAW. */
334 # define SOL_RAW IPPROTO_RAW
339 "FIlnrdvxt:i:m:p:q:s:w:z:f:" \
340 "4" IF_TRACEROUTE6("6")
342 OPT_DONT_FRAGMNT = (1 << 0), /* F */
343 OPT_USE_ICMP = (1 << 1) * ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP, /* I */
344 OPT_TTL_FLAG = (1 << 2), /* l */
345 OPT_ADDR_NUM = (1 << 3), /* n */
346 OPT_BYPASS_ROUTE = (1 << 4), /* r */
347 OPT_DEBUG = (1 << 5), /* d */
348 OPT_VERBOSE = (1 << 6) * ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE, /* v */
349 OPT_IP_CHKSUM = (1 << 7), /* x */
350 OPT_TOS = (1 << 8), /* t */
351 OPT_DEVICE = (1 << 9), /* i */
352 OPT_MAX_TTL = (1 << 10), /* m */
353 OPT_PORT = (1 << 11), /* p */
354 OPT_NPROBES = (1 << 12), /* q */
355 OPT_SOURCE = (1 << 13), /* s */
356 OPT_WAITTIME = (1 << 14), /* w */
357 OPT_PAUSE_MS = (1 << 15), /* z */
358 OPT_FIRST_TTL = (1 << 16), /* f */
359 OPT_IPV4 = (1 << 17), /* 4 */
360 OPT_IPV6 = (1 << 18) * ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6, /* 6 */
362 #define verbose (option_mask32 & OPT_VERBOSE)
366 rcvsock = 3, /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
367 sndsock = 4, /* send (udp/icmp) socket file descriptor */
370 /* Data section of the probe packet */
372 unsigned char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
373 unsigned char ttl; /* ttl packet left with */
374 // UNUSED. Retaining to have the same packet size.
375 struct timeval tv_UNUSED PACKED; /* time packet left */
378 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
382 struct timeval tv_UNUSED PACKED; /* time packet left */
387 /* Pointer to entire malloced IP packet, "packlen" bytes long: */
389 /* Pointer to ICMP or UDP payload (not header): */
390 struct outdata_t *outdata;
392 len_and_sockaddr *dest_lsa;
393 int packlen; /* total length of packet */
394 int pmtu; /* Path MTU Discovery (RFC1191) */
396 uint16_t port; // 33434; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
397 int waittime; // 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
398 unsigned char recv_pkt[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
401 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
402 #define outip (G.outip )
403 #define outdata (G.outdata )
404 #define dest_lsa (G.dest_lsa )
405 #define packlen (G.packlen )
406 #define pmtu (G.pmtu )
407 #define ident (G.ident )
408 #define port (G.port )
409 #define waittime (G.waittime )
410 #define recv_pkt (G.recv_pkt )
411 #define gwlist (G.gwlist )
412 #define INIT_G() do { \
413 SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(xzalloc(sizeof(G))); \
418 #define outicmp ((struct icmp *)(outip + 1))
419 #define outudp ((struct udphdr *)(outip + 1))
423 wait_for_reply(len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa, struct sockaddr *to, unsigned *timestamp_us, int *left_ms)
425 struct pollfd pfd[1];
429 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
430 if (*left_ms >= 0 && safe_poll(pfd, 1, *left_ms) > 0) {
433 read_len = recv_from_to(rcvsock,
434 recv_pkt, sizeof(recv_pkt),
435 /*flags:*/ MSG_DONTWAIT,
436 &from_lsa->u.sa, to, from_lsa->len);
438 *left_ms -= (t - *timestamp_us) / 1000;
446 send_probe(int seq, int ttl)
452 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
453 if (dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6) {
454 struct outdata6_t *pkt = (struct outdata6_t *) outdata;
455 pkt->ident6 = htonl(ident);
456 pkt->seq6 = htonl(seq);
457 /*gettimeofday(&pkt->tv, &tz);*/
463 // UNUSED: was storing gettimeofday's result there, but never ever checked it
464 /*memcpy(&outdata->tv, tp, sizeof(outdata->tv));*/
466 if (option_mask32 & OPT_USE_ICMP) {
467 outicmp->icmp_seq = htons(seq);
469 /* Always calculate checksum for icmp packets */
470 outicmp->icmp_cksum = 0;
471 outicmp->icmp_cksum = inet_cksum(
473 ((char*)outip + packlen) - (char*)outicmp
475 if (outicmp->icmp_cksum == 0)
476 outicmp->icmp_cksum = 0xffff;
480 //BUG! verbose is (x & OPT_VERBOSE), not a counter!
481 #if 0 //ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
482 /* XXX undocumented debugging hack */
487 sp = (uint16_t *)outip;
488 nshorts = (unsigned)packlen / sizeof(uint16_t);
490 printf("[ %d bytes", packlen);
491 while (--nshorts >= 0) {
494 printf(" %04x", ntohs(*sp));
500 printf(" %02x", *(unsigned char *)sp);
507 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
508 if (dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6) {
509 res = setsockopt_int(sndsock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, ttl);
511 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt(%s) %d", "UNICAST_HOPS", ttl);
516 res = setsockopt_int(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, ttl);
518 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt(%s) %d", "TTL", ttl);
520 if (option_mask32 & OPT_USE_ICMP)
524 if (!(option_mask32 & OPT_USE_ICMP)) {
525 set_nport(&dest_lsa->u.sa, htons(port + seq));
527 len = ((char*)outip + packlen) - (char*)out;
528 res = xsendto(sndsock, out, len, &dest_lsa->u.sa, dest_lsa->len);
530 bb_error_msg("sent %d octets, ret=%d", len, res);
533 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
535 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
538 pr_type(unsigned char t)
540 static const char *const ttab[] = {
541 "Echo Reply", "ICMP 1", "ICMP 2", "Dest Unreachable",
542 "Source Quench", "Redirect", "ICMP 6", "ICMP 7",
543 "Echo", "Router Advert", "Router Solicit", "Time Exceeded",
544 "Param Problem", "Timestamp", "Timestamp Reply", "Info Request",
545 "Info Reply", "Mask Request", "Mask Reply"
547 # if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
548 static const char *const ttab6[] = {
549 [0] "Error", "Dest Unreachable", "Packet Too Big", "Time Exceeded",
551 [8] "Echo Request", "Echo Reply", "Membership Query", "Membership Report",
552 [12] "Membership Reduction", "Router Solicit", "Router Advert", "Neighbor Solicit",
553 [16] "Neighbor Advert", "Redirect",
556 if (dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6) {
559 if (t < 128 || t > ND_REDIRECT)
560 return "OUT-OF-RANGE";
561 return ttab6[(t & 63) + 8];
564 if (t >= ARRAY_SIZE(ttab))
565 return "OUT-OF-RANGE";
571 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
572 #define packet4_ok(read_len, from, seq) \
573 packet4_ok(read_len, seq)
576 packet4_ok(int read_len, const struct sockaddr_in *from, int seq)
578 const struct icmp *icp;
579 unsigned char type, code;
583 ip = (struct ip *) recv_pkt;
584 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
585 if (read_len < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
586 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
588 printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", read_len,
589 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
594 icp = (struct icmp *)(recv_pkt + hlen);
595 type = icp->icmp_type;
596 code = icp->icmp_code;
597 /* Path MTU Discovery (RFC1191) */
599 if (code == ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG)
600 pmtu = ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu);
602 if ((type == ICMP_TIMXCEED && code == ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS)
603 || type == ICMP_UNREACH
604 || type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY
606 const struct ip *hip;
607 const struct udphdr *up;
610 hlen = hip->ip_hl << 2;
611 if (option_mask32 & OPT_USE_ICMP) {
615 if (type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY
616 && icp->icmp_id == htons(ident)
617 && icp->icmp_seq == htons(seq)
619 return ICMP_UNREACH_PORT+1;
622 hicmp = (struct icmp *)((unsigned char *)hip + hlen);
623 if (hlen + SIZEOF_ICMP_HDR <= read_len
624 && hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP
625 && hicmp->icmp_id == htons(ident)
626 && hicmp->icmp_seq == htons(seq)
628 return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED ? -1 : code + 1);
631 up = (struct udphdr *)((char *)hip + hlen);
632 if (hlen + 12 <= read_len
633 && hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP
634 // Off: since we do not form the entire IP packet,
635 // but defer it to kernel, we can't set source port,
636 // and thus can't check it here in the reply
637 /* && up->source == htons(ident) */
638 && up->dest == htons(port + seq)
640 return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED ? -1 : code + 1);
644 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
647 uint32_t *lp = (uint32_t *)&icp->icmp_ip;
649 printf("\n%d bytes from %s to "
650 "%s: icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n",
651 read_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr),
652 inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst),
653 type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp_code);
654 for (i = 4; i < read_len; i += sizeof(*lp))
655 printf("%2d: x%8.8x\n", i, *lp++);
661 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
662 # if !ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
663 #define packet_ok(read_len, from_lsa, to, seq) \
664 packet_ok(read_len, from_lsa, seq)
667 packet_ok(int read_len, len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa,
671 const struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
672 unsigned char type, code;
674 if (from_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
675 return packet4_ok(read_len, &from_lsa->u.sin, seq);
677 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *) recv_pkt;
679 type = icp->icmp6_type;
680 code = icp->icmp6_code;
682 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT)
683 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH
689 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1);
690 up = (struct udphdr *) (hip + 1);
691 nexthdr = hip->ip6_nxt;
693 if (nexthdr == IPPROTO_FRAGMENT) {
694 nexthdr = *(unsigned char*)up;
697 if (nexthdr == IPPROTO_UDP) {
698 struct outdata6_t *pkt;
700 pkt = (struct outdata6_t *) (up + 1);
702 if (ntohl(pkt->ident6) == ident
703 && ntohl(pkt->seq6) == seq
705 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : (code<<8)+1);
710 # if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
712 # ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN
713 # define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 80
716 char pa1[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
717 char pa2[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
720 p = (unsigned char *) (icp + 1);
722 printf("\n%d bytes from %s to "
723 "%s: icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n",
725 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from_lsa->u.sin6.sin6_addr, pa1, sizeof(pa1)),
726 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &((struct sockaddr_in6*)to)->sin6_addr, pa2, sizeof(pa2)),
727 type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp6_code);
729 read_len -= sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr);
730 for (i = 0; i < read_len; i++) {
735 printf("%02x", p[i]);
736 if ((i % 16 == 15) && (i + 1 < read_len))
745 #else /* !ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6 */
746 static ALWAYS_INLINE int
747 packet_ok(int read_len,
748 len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa IF_NOT_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE(UNUSED_PARAM),
749 struct sockaddr *to UNUSED_PARAM,
752 return packet4_ok(read_len, &from_lsa->u.sin, seq);
757 * Construct an Internet address representation.
758 * If the -n flag has been supplied, give
759 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
762 print_inetname(const struct sockaddr *from)
764 char *ina = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted_noport(from);
766 if (option_mask32 & OPT_ADDR_NUM) {
771 if (from->sa_family != AF_INET
772 || ((struct sockaddr_in*)from)->sin_addr.s_addr != INADDR_ANY
774 /* Try to reverse resolve if it is not 0.0.0.0 */
775 n = xmalloc_sockaddr2host_noport((struct sockaddr*)from);
777 printf(" %s (%s)", (n ? n : ina), ina);
784 print(int read_len, const struct sockaddr *from, const struct sockaddr *to)
786 print_inetname(from);
789 char *ina = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted_noport(to);
790 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
791 if (to->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
792 read_len -= sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
796 struct ip *ip4packet = (struct ip*)recv_pkt;
797 read_len -= ip4packet->ip_hl << 2;
799 printf(" %d bytes to %s", read_len, ina);
805 print_delta_ms(unsigned t1p, unsigned t2p)
807 unsigned tt = t2p - t1p;
808 printf(" %u.%03u ms", tt / 1000, tt % 1000);
812 * Usage: [-dFIlnrvx] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-f first_ttl]
813 * [-m max_ttl] [ -p port] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos]
814 * [-w waittime] [-z pausemsecs] host [packetlen]"
817 common_traceroute_main(int op, char **argv)
826 unsigned pausemsecs = 0;
834 char *pausemsecs_str;
837 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
840 enum { af = AF_INET };
844 len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa;
845 struct sockaddr *lastaddr;
850 op |= getopt32(argv, "^"
852 "\0" "-1:x-x" /* minimum 1 arg */
853 , &tos_str, &device, &max_ttl_str, &port_str, &nprobes_str
854 , &source, &waittime_str, &pausemsecs_str, &first_ttl_str
859 if (op & OPT_IP_CHKSUM)
860 bb_error_msg("warning: ip checksums disabled");
864 tos = xatou_range(tos_str, 0, 255);
866 if (op & OPT_MAX_TTL)
867 max_ttl = xatou_range(max_ttl_str, 1, 255);
869 port = xatou16(port_str);
870 if (op & OPT_NPROBES)
871 nprobes = xatou_range(nprobes_str, 1, INT_MAX);
872 if (op & OPT_SOURCE) {
874 * set the ip source address of the outbound
875 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
878 bb_error_msg_and_die(bb_msg_you_must_be_root);
880 if (op & OPT_WAITTIME)
881 waittime = xatou_range(waittime_str, 1, 24 * 60 * 60);
882 if (op & OPT_PAUSE_MS)
883 pausemsecs = xatou_range(pausemsecs_str, 0, 60 * 60 * 1000);
884 if (op & OPT_FIRST_TTL)
885 first_ttl = xatou_range(first_ttl_str, 1, max_ttl);
887 /* Process destination and optional packet size */
888 minpacket = sizeof(struct ip)
890 + sizeof(struct outdata_t);
891 if (!(op & OPT_USE_ICMP))
892 minpacket = sizeof(struct ip)
893 + sizeof(struct udphdr)
894 + sizeof(struct outdata_t);
895 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
901 dest_lsa = xhost_and_af2sockaddr(argv[0], port, af);
902 af = dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family;
904 minpacket = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr)
905 + sizeof(struct udphdr)
906 + sizeof(struct outdata6_t);
908 dest_lsa = xhost2sockaddr(argv[0], port);
912 packlen = xatoul_range(argv[1], minpacket, 32 * 1024);
914 /* Ensure the socket fds won't be 0, 1 or 2 */
917 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
918 if (af == AF_INET6) {
919 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6), rcvsock);
920 setsockopt_1(rcvsock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO);
924 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP), rcvsock);
927 #if TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG
929 setsockopt_SOL_SOCKET_1(rcvsock, SO_DEBUG);
931 if (op & OPT_BYPASS_ROUTE)
932 setsockopt_SOL_SOCKET_1(rcvsock, SO_DONTROUTE);
934 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
935 if (af == AF_INET6) {
936 if (setsockopt_int(rcvsock, SOL_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, 2) != 0)
937 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt(%s)", "IPV6_CHECKSUM");
938 xmove_fd(xsocket(af, SOCK_DGRAM, 0), sndsock);
942 if (op & OPT_USE_ICMP)
943 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP), sndsock);
945 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0), sndsock);
949 if (setsockopt_SOL_SOCKET_int(sndsock, SO_SNDBUF, packlen) != 0) {
950 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt(%s)", "SO_SNDBUF");
954 if ((op & OPT_TOS) && setsockopt_int(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, tos) != 0) {
955 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt(%s) %d", "TOS", tos);
959 if (op & OPT_DONT_FRAGMNT)
960 setsockopt_1(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DONTFRAG);
962 #if TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG
964 setsockopt_SOL_SOCKET_1(sndsock, SO_DEBUG);
966 if (op & OPT_BYPASS_ROUTE)
967 setsockopt_SOL_SOCKET_1(sndsock, SO_DONTROUTE);
969 outip = xzalloc(packlen);
973 if (!ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6 || af == AF_INET) {
974 if (op & OPT_USE_ICMP) {
976 outicmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
977 outicmp->icmp_id = htons(ident);
978 outdata = (struct outdata_t *)((char *)outicmp + SIZEOF_ICMP_HDR);
980 outdata = (struct outdata_t *)(outudp + 1);
983 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
984 if (af == AF_INET6) {
985 outdata = (void*)((char*)outip
986 + sizeof(struct ip6_hdr)
987 + sizeof(struct udphdr)
992 if (op & OPT_DEVICE) /* hmm, do we need error check? */
993 setsockopt_bindtodevice(sndsock, device);
995 if (op & OPT_SOURCE) {
996 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
997 // TODO: need xdotted_and_af2sockaddr?
998 len_and_sockaddr *source_lsa = xhost_and_af2sockaddr(source, 0, af);
1000 len_and_sockaddr *source_lsa = xdotted2sockaddr(source, 0);
1002 /* Ping4 does this (why?) */
1004 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
1005 &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len))
1006 bb_error_msg_and_die("can't set multicast source interface");
1007 //TODO: we can query source port we bound to,
1008 // and check it in replies... if we care enough
1009 xbind(sndsock, &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len);
1012 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1013 else if (af == AF_INET6) {
1014 //TODO: why we don't do it for IPv4?
1015 len_and_sockaddr *source_lsa;
1017 int probe_fd = xsocket(af, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1018 if (op & OPT_DEVICE)
1019 setsockopt_bindtodevice(probe_fd, device);
1020 set_nport(&dest_lsa->u.sa, htons(1025));
1021 /* dummy connect. makes kernel pick source IP (and port) */
1022 xconnect(probe_fd, &dest_lsa->u.sa, dest_lsa->len);
1023 set_nport(&dest_lsa->u.sa, htons(port));
1025 /* read IP and port */
1026 source_lsa = get_sock_lsa(probe_fd);
1027 if (source_lsa == NULL)
1028 bb_error_msg_and_die("can't get probe addr");
1032 /* bind our sockets to this IP (but not port) */
1033 set_nport(&source_lsa->u.sa, 0);
1034 xbind(sndsock, &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len);
1035 xbind(rcvsock, &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len);
1041 /* Revert to non-privileged user after opening sockets */
1045 dest_str = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted_noport(&dest_lsa->u.sa);
1046 printf("traceroute to %s (%s)", argv[0], dest_str);
1047 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP) {
1051 if (op & OPT_SOURCE)
1052 printf(" from %s", source);
1053 printf(", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_ttl, packlen);
1055 from_lsa = xmemdup(dest_lsa, LSA_LEN_SIZE + dest_lsa->len);
1056 lastaddr = xzalloc(dest_lsa->len);
1057 to = xzalloc(dest_lsa->len);
1059 for (ttl = first_ttl; ttl <= max_ttl; ++ttl) {
1061 int unreachable = 0; /* counter */
1062 int gotlastaddr = 0; /* flags */
1066 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
1074 if (probe != 0 && pausemsecs > 0)
1075 usleep(pausemsecs * 1000);
1077 send_probe(++seq, ttl);
1078 t2 = t1 = monotonic_us();
1080 left_ms = waittime * 1000;
1081 while ((read_len = wait_for_reply(from_lsa, to, &t2, &left_ms)) != 0) {
1084 /* Recv'ed a packet, or read error */
1085 /* t2 = monotonic_us() - set by wait_for_reply */
1089 icmp_code = packet_ok(read_len, from_lsa, to, seq);
1090 /* Skip short packet */
1095 || (memcmp(lastaddr, &from_lsa->u.sa, from_lsa->len) != 0)
1097 print(read_len, &from_lsa->u.sa, to);
1098 memcpy(lastaddr, &from_lsa->u.sa, from_lsa->len);
1102 print_delta_ms(t1, t2);
1103 ip = (struct ip *)recv_pkt;
1105 if (from_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
1106 if (op & OPT_TTL_FLAG)
1107 printf(" (%d)", ip->ip_ttl);
1109 /* time exceeded in transit */
1110 if (icmp_code == -1)
1113 switch (icmp_code) {
1114 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1115 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT << 8:
1119 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1120 if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1)
1125 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1126 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6 && (ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE != ICMP_UNREACH_NET)
1127 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE << 8:
1132 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1133 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1134 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR << 8:
1139 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1143 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1144 printf(" !F-%d", pmtu);
1147 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1148 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1149 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN << 8:
1154 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1155 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB: /* misuse */
1159 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB:
1163 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE:
1167 case ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF:
1171 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN:
1172 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN:
1176 case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED:
1180 case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET:
1181 case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST:
1186 printf(" !<%d>", icmp_code);
1191 } /* while (wait and read a packet) */
1193 /* there was no packet at all? */
1196 } /* for (nprobes) */
1200 || (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= nprobes - 1)
1206 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP) {
1215 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE
1216 int traceroute_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
1217 int traceroute_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
1219 return common_traceroute_main(0, argv);
1223 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1224 int traceroute6_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
1225 int traceroute6_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
1227 return common_traceroute_main(OPT_IPV6, argv);