1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
4 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
6 * Busybox port by Vladimir Oleynik (C) 2005 <dzo@simtreas.ru>
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
10 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
11 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
12 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
13 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
14 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
15 * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
16 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
17 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
18 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
21 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
22 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
28 * Modified for NRL 4.4BSD IPv6 release.
31 * Modified for Linux IPv6 by Pedro Roque <roque@di.fc.ul.pt>
34 * As ICMP error messages for IPv6 now include more than 8 bytes
35 * UDP datagrams are now sent via an UDP socket instead of magic
38 * Converted to busybox applet by Leonid Lisovskiy <lly@sf.net>
43 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
45 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
46 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
47 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
48 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
49 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
50 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
51 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
52 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
53 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
54 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
55 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
56 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
57 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
60 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
61 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
62 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
63 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
65 * A sample use might be:
67 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
68 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
69 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
70 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
71 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
72 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
73 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
74 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
75 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
76 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
77 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
78 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
79 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
81 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
82 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
83 * packets with a zero ttl.
85 * A more interesting example is:
87 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
88 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
89 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
90 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
91 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
92 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
93 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
94 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
95 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
96 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
97 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
98 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
99 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
101 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
106 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
108 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
109 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
110 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
111 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
112 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
113 * only knows what's going on with 12.
115 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
116 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
117 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
118 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
119 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
120 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
121 * when it appears on the destination system:
123 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
124 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
125 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
126 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
127 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
128 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
135 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
137 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
138 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
139 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
140 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
141 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
142 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
143 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
144 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
145 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
146 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
147 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
148 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
149 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
152 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
153 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
154 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
155 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
156 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
157 * will give up and exit.
161 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
162 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
163 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
165 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
166 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
167 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
168 * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README
169 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
170 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
171 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
172 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
174 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
175 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
176 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
177 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
178 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
179 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
180 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
181 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
182 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
183 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
184 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
185 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
186 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
187 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
188 * port number before each probe.
190 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
191 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
192 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
194 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
195 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
196 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
197 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
198 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
199 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
201 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
202 * enhancements to the original distribution.
204 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
205 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
206 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
207 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
209 * -- Van Jacobson (van@ee.lbl.gov)
210 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
213 //usage:#define traceroute_trivial_usage
214 //usage: "[-"IF_TRACEROUTE6("46")"FIldnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES]\n"
215 //usage: " [-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-g GATEWAY] [-i IFACE]\n"
216 //usage: " [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]"
217 //usage:#define traceroute_full_usage "\n\n"
218 //usage: "Trace the route to HOST\n"
219 //usage: IF_TRACEROUTE6(
220 //usage: "\n -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution"
222 //usage: "\n -F Set the don't fragment bit"
223 //usage: "\n -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams"
224 //usage: "\n -l Display the TTL value of the returned packet"
225 //usage: "\n -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket"
226 //usage: "\n -n Print numeric addresses"
227 //usage: "\n -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST"
228 //usage: "\n -v Verbose"
229 //usage: "\n -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops)"
230 //usage: "\n -p Base UDP port number used in probes"
231 //usage: "\n (default 33434)"
232 //usage: "\n -q Number of probes per TTL (default 3)"
233 //usage: "\n -s IP address to use as the source address"
234 //usage: "\n -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)"
235 //usage: "\n -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)"
236 //usage: "\n -g Loose source route gateway (8 max)"
238 //usage:#define traceroute6_trivial_usage
239 //usage: "[-dnrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES]\n"
240 //usage: " [-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-i IFACE]\n"
241 //usage: " HOST [BYTES]"
242 //usage:#define traceroute6_full_usage "\n\n"
243 //usage: "Trace the route to HOST\n"
244 //usage: "\n -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket"
245 //usage: "\n -n Print numeric addresses"
246 //usage: "\n -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST"
247 //usage: "\n -v Verbose"
248 //usage: "\n -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops)"
249 //usage: "\n -p Base UDP port number used in probes"
250 //usage: "\n (default is 33434)"
251 //usage: "\n -q Number of probes per TTL (default 3)"
252 //usage: "\n -s IP address to use as the source address"
253 //usage: "\n -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)"
254 //usage: "\n -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)"
256 #define TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG 0
258 /* TODO: undefs were uncommented - ??! we have config system for that! */
259 /* probably ok to remove altogether */
260 //#undef CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
261 //#define CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
262 //#undef CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
263 //#define CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
264 //#undef CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP
265 //#define CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP
269 #include <arpa/inet.h>
270 #include <netinet/in.h>
271 #include <netinet/udp.h>
272 #include <netinet/ip.h>
273 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
274 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
275 # include <netinet/ip6.h>
276 # include <netinet/icmp6.h>
278 # define SOL_IPV6 IPPROTO_IPV6
283 #include "inet_common.h"
286 # define IPPROTO_ICMP 1
289 # define IPPROTO_IP 0
294 "FIlnrdvxt:i:m:p:q:s:w:z:f:" \
295 IF_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE("g:") \
296 "4" IF_TRACEROUTE6("6")
298 OPT_DONT_FRAGMNT = (1 << 0), /* F */
299 OPT_USE_ICMP = (1 << 1) * ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP, /* I */
300 OPT_TTL_FLAG = (1 << 2), /* l */
301 OPT_ADDR_NUM = (1 << 3), /* n */
302 OPT_BYPASS_ROUTE = (1 << 4), /* r */
303 OPT_DEBUG = (1 << 5), /* d */
304 OPT_VERBOSE = (1 << 6) * ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE, /* v */
305 OPT_IP_CHKSUM = (1 << 7), /* x */
306 OPT_TOS = (1 << 8), /* t */
307 OPT_DEVICE = (1 << 9), /* i */
308 OPT_MAX_TTL = (1 << 10), /* m */
309 OPT_PORT = (1 << 11), /* p */
310 OPT_NPROBES = (1 << 12), /* q */
311 OPT_SOURCE = (1 << 13), /* s */
312 OPT_WAITTIME = (1 << 14), /* w */
313 OPT_PAUSE_MS = (1 << 15), /* z */
314 OPT_FIRST_TTL = (1 << 16), /* f */
315 OPT_SOURCE_ROUTE = (1 << 17) * ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE, /* g */
316 OPT_IPV4 = (1 << (17+ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE)), /* 4 */
317 OPT_IPV6 = (1 << (18+ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE)) * ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6, /* 6 */
319 #define verbose (option_mask32 & OPT_VERBOSE)
323 rcvsock = 3, /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
324 sndsock = 4, /* send (udp/icmp) socket file descriptor */
327 /* Data section of the probe packet */
329 unsigned char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
330 unsigned char ttl; /* ttl packet left with */
331 // UNUSED. Retaining to have the same packet size.
332 struct timeval tv_UNUSED PACKED; /* time packet left */
335 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
339 struct timeval tv_UNUSED PACKED; /* time packet left */
345 struct outdata_t *outdata;
346 len_and_sockaddr *dest_lsa;
347 int packlen; /* total length of packet */
348 int pmtu; /* Path MTU Discovery (RFC1191) */
350 uint16_t port; // 32768 + 666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
351 int waittime; // 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
352 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
353 int optlen; /* length of ip options */
357 unsigned char recv_pkt[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
358 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
359 /* Maximum number of gateways (include room for one noop) */
360 #define NGATEWAYS ((int)((MAX_IPOPTLEN - IPOPT_MINOFF - 1) / sizeof(uint32_t)))
361 /* loose source route gateway list (including room for final destination) */
362 uint32_t gwlist[NGATEWAYS + 1];
366 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
367 #define outip (G.outip )
368 #define outdata (G.outdata )
369 #define dest_lsa (G.dest_lsa )
370 #define packlen (G.packlen )
371 #define pmtu (G.pmtu )
372 #define ident (G.ident )
373 #define port (G.port )
374 #define waittime (G.waittime )
375 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
376 # define optlen (G.optlen )
378 #define recv_pkt (G.recv_pkt )
379 #define gwlist (G.gwlist )
380 #define INIT_G() do { \
381 SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(xzalloc(sizeof(G))); \
382 port = 32768 + 666; \
386 #define outicmp ((struct icmp *)(outip + 1))
387 #define outudp ((struct udphdr *)(outip + 1))
391 wait_for_reply(len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa, struct sockaddr *to, unsigned *timestamp_us, int *left_ms)
393 struct pollfd pfd[1];
397 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
398 if (*left_ms >= 0 && safe_poll(pfd, 1, *left_ms) > 0) {
401 read_len = recv_from_to(rcvsock,
402 recv_pkt, sizeof(recv_pkt),
403 /*flags:*/ MSG_DONTWAIT,
404 &from_lsa->u.sa, to, from_lsa->len);
406 *left_ms -= (t - *timestamp_us) / 1000;
414 send_probe(int seq, int ttl)
420 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
421 if (dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6) {
422 struct outdata6_t *pkt = (struct outdata6_t *) outip;
423 pkt->ident6 = htonl(ident);
424 pkt->seq6 = htonl(seq);
425 /*gettimeofday(&pkt->tv, &tz);*/
431 // UNUSED: was storing gettimeofday's result there, but never ever checked it
432 /*memcpy(&outdata->tv, tp, sizeof(outdata->tv));*/
434 if (option_mask32 & OPT_USE_ICMP) {
435 outicmp->icmp_seq = htons(seq);
437 /* Always calculate checksum for icmp packets */
438 outicmp->icmp_cksum = 0;
439 outicmp->icmp_cksum = inet_cksum((uint16_t *)outicmp,
440 packlen - (sizeof(*outip) + optlen));
441 if (outicmp->icmp_cksum == 0)
442 outicmp->icmp_cksum = 0xffff;
446 //BUG! verbose is (x & OPT_VERBOSE), not a counter!
447 #if 0 //ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
448 /* XXX undocumented debugging hack */
453 sp = (uint16_t *)outip;
454 nshorts = (unsigned)packlen / sizeof(uint16_t);
456 printf("[ %d bytes", packlen);
457 while (--nshorts >= 0) {
460 printf(" %04x", ntohs(*sp));
466 printf(" %02x", *(unsigned char *)sp);
472 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
473 if (dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6) {
474 res = setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));
476 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt UNICAST_HOPS %d", ttl);
483 res = setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));
485 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt ttl %d", ttl);
488 len = packlen - sizeof(*outip);
489 if (!(option_mask32 & OPT_USE_ICMP)) {
491 len -= sizeof(*outudp);
492 set_nport(&dest_lsa->u.sa, htons(port + seq));
496 res = xsendto(sndsock, out, len, &dest_lsa->u.sa, dest_lsa->len);
498 bb_info_msg("sent %d octets, ret=%d", len, res);
501 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
503 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
506 pr_type(unsigned char t)
508 static const char *const ttab[] = {
509 "Echo Reply", "ICMP 1", "ICMP 2", "Dest Unreachable",
510 "Source Quench", "Redirect", "ICMP 6", "ICMP 7",
511 "Echo", "Router Advert", "Router Solicit", "Time Exceeded",
512 "Param Problem", "Timestamp", "Timestamp Reply", "Info Request",
513 "Info Reply", "Mask Request", "Mask Reply"
515 # if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
516 static const char *const ttab6[] = {
517 [0] "Error", "Dest Unreachable", "Packet Too Big", "Time Exceeded",
519 [8] "Echo Request", "Echo Reply", "Membership Query", "Membership Report",
520 [12] "Membership Reduction", "Router Solicit", "Router Advert", "Neighbor Solicit",
521 [16] "Neighbor Advert", "Redirect",
524 if (dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6) {
527 if (t < 128 || t > ND_REDIRECT)
528 return "OUT-OF-RANGE";
529 return ttab6[(t & 63) + 8];
532 if (t >= ARRAY_SIZE(ttab))
533 return "OUT-OF-RANGE";
539 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
540 #define packet4_ok(read_len, from, seq) \
541 packet4_ok(read_len, seq)
544 packet4_ok(int read_len, const struct sockaddr_in *from, int seq)
546 const struct icmp *icp;
547 unsigned char type, code;
551 ip = (struct ip *) recv_pkt;
552 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
553 if (read_len < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
554 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
556 printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", read_len,
557 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
562 icp = (struct icmp *)(recv_pkt + hlen);
563 type = icp->icmp_type;
564 code = icp->icmp_code;
565 /* Path MTU Discovery (RFC1191) */
567 if (code == ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG)
568 pmtu = ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu);
570 if ((type == ICMP_TIMXCEED && code == ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS)
571 || type == ICMP_UNREACH
572 || type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY
574 const struct ip *hip;
575 const struct udphdr *up;
578 hlen = hip->ip_hl << 2;
579 if (option_mask32 & OPT_USE_ICMP) {
583 if (type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY
584 && icp->icmp_id == htons(ident)
585 && icp->icmp_seq == htons(seq)
587 return ICMP_UNREACH_PORT+1;
590 hicmp = (struct icmp *)((unsigned char *)hip + hlen);
591 if (hlen + SIZEOF_ICMP_HDR <= read_len
592 && hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP
593 && hicmp->icmp_id == htons(ident)
594 && hicmp->icmp_seq == htons(seq)
596 return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED ? -1 : code + 1);
599 up = (struct udphdr *)((char *)hip + hlen);
600 if (hlen + 12 <= read_len
601 && hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP
602 // Off: since we do not form the entire IP packet,
603 // but defer it to kernel, we can't set source port,
604 // and thus can't check it here in the reply
605 /* && up->source == htons(ident) */
606 && up->dest == htons(port + seq)
608 return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED ? -1 : code + 1);
612 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
615 uint32_t *lp = (uint32_t *)&icp->icmp_ip;
617 printf("\n%d bytes from %s to "
618 "%s: icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n",
619 read_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr),
620 inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst),
621 type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp_code);
622 for (i = 4; i < read_len; i += sizeof(*lp))
623 printf("%2d: x%8.8x\n", i, *lp++);
629 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
630 # if !ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
631 #define packet_ok(read_len, from_lsa, to, seq) \
632 packet_ok(read_len, from_lsa, seq)
635 packet_ok(int read_len, len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa,
639 const struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
640 unsigned char type, code;
642 if (from_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
643 return packet4_ok(read_len, &from_lsa->u.sin, seq);
645 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *) recv_pkt;
647 type = icp->icmp6_type;
648 code = icp->icmp6_code;
650 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT)
651 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH
657 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1);
658 up = (struct udphdr *) (hip + 1);
659 nexthdr = hip->ip6_nxt;
661 if (nexthdr == IPPROTO_FRAGMENT) {
662 nexthdr = *(unsigned char*)up;
665 if (nexthdr == IPPROTO_UDP) {
666 struct outdata6_t *pkt;
668 pkt = (struct outdata6_t *) (up + 1);
670 if (ntohl(pkt->ident6) == ident
671 && ntohl(pkt->seq6) == seq
673 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : (code<<8)+1);
678 # if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE
681 char pa1[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
682 char pa2[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
685 p = (unsigned char *) (icp + 1);
687 printf("\n%d bytes from %s to "
688 "%s: icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n",
690 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from_lsa->u.sin6.sin6_addr, pa1, sizeof(pa1)),
691 inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &((struct sockaddr_in6*)to)->sin6_addr, pa2, sizeof(pa2)),
692 type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp6_code);
694 read_len -= sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr);
695 for (i = 0; i < read_len; i++) {
700 printf("%02x", p[i]);
701 if ((i % 16 == 15) && (i + 1 < read_len))
710 #else /* !ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6 */
711 static ALWAYS_INLINE int
712 packet_ok(int read_len,
713 len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa IF_NOT_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE(UNUSED_PARAM),
714 struct sockaddr *to UNUSED_PARAM,
717 return packet4_ok(read_len, &from_lsa->u.sin, seq);
722 * Construct an Internet address representation.
723 * If the -n flag has been supplied, give
724 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
727 print_inetname(const struct sockaddr *from)
729 char *ina = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted_noport(from);
731 if (option_mask32 & OPT_ADDR_NUM) {
736 if (from->sa_family != AF_INET
737 || ((struct sockaddr_in*)from)->sin_addr.s_addr != INADDR_ANY
739 /* Try to reverse resolve if it is not 0.0.0.0 */
740 n = xmalloc_sockaddr2host_noport((struct sockaddr*)from);
742 printf(" %s (%s)", (n ? n : ina), ina);
749 print(int read_len, const struct sockaddr *from, const struct sockaddr *to)
751 print_inetname(from);
754 char *ina = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted_noport(to);
755 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
756 if (to->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
757 read_len -= sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
761 struct ip *ip4packet = (struct ip*)recv_pkt;
762 read_len -= ip4packet->ip_hl << 2;
764 printf(" %d bytes to %s", read_len, ina);
770 print_delta_ms(unsigned t1p, unsigned t2p)
772 unsigned tt = t2p - t1p;
773 printf(" %u.%03u ms", tt / 1000, tt % 1000);
777 * Usage: [-dFIlnrvx] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-f first_ttl]
778 * [-m max_ttl] [ -p port] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos]
779 * [-w waittime] [-z pausemsecs] host [packetlen]"
782 common_traceroute_main(int op, char **argv)
791 unsigned pausemsecs = 0;
799 char *pausemsecs_str;
802 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
803 llist_t *source_route_list = NULL;
806 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
809 enum { af = AF_INET };
813 len_and_sockaddr *from_lsa;
814 struct sockaddr *lastaddr;
820 opt_complementary = "-1:x-x" IF_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE(":g::");
821 op |= getopt32(argv, OPT_STRING
822 , &tos_str, &device, &max_ttl_str, &port_str, &nprobes_str
823 , &source, &waittime_str, &pausemsecs_str, &first_ttl_str
824 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
831 if (op & OPT_IP_CHKSUM)
832 bb_error_msg("warning: ip checksums disabled");
836 tos = xatou_range(tos_str, 0, 255);
838 if (op & OPT_MAX_TTL)
839 max_ttl = xatou_range(max_ttl_str, 1, 255);
841 port = xatou16(port_str);
842 if (op & OPT_NPROBES)
843 nprobes = xatou_range(nprobes_str, 1, INT_MAX);
844 if (op & OPT_SOURCE) {
846 * set the ip source address of the outbound
847 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
850 bb_error_msg_and_die(bb_msg_you_must_be_root);
852 if (op & OPT_WAITTIME)
853 waittime = xatou_range(waittime_str, 1, 24 * 60 * 60);
854 if (op & OPT_PAUSE_MS)
855 pausemsecs = xatou_range(pausemsecs_str, 0, 60 * 60 * 1000);
856 if (op & OPT_FIRST_TTL)
857 first_ttl = xatou_range(first_ttl_str, 1, max_ttl);
859 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE
860 if (source_route_list) {
861 while (source_route_list) {
862 len_and_sockaddr *lsa;
864 if (lsrr >= NGATEWAYS)
865 bb_error_msg_and_die("no more than %d gateways", NGATEWAYS);
866 lsa = xhost_and_af2sockaddr(llist_pop(&source_route_list), 0, AF_INET);
867 gwlist[lsrr] = lsa->u.sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
871 optlen = (lsrr + 1) * sizeof(gwlist[0]);
875 /* Process destination and optional packet size */
876 minpacket = sizeof(*outip) + SIZEOF_ICMP_HDR + sizeof(*outdata) + optlen;
877 if (!(op & OPT_USE_ICMP))
878 minpacket += sizeof(*outudp) - SIZEOF_ICMP_HDR;
879 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
885 dest_lsa = xhost_and_af2sockaddr(argv[0], port, af);
886 af = dest_lsa->u.sa.sa_family;
888 minpacket = sizeof(struct outdata6_t);
890 dest_lsa = xhost2sockaddr(argv[0], port);
894 packlen = xatoul_range(argv[1], minpacket, 32 * 1024);
896 /* Ensure the socket fds won't be 0, 1 or 2 */
899 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
900 if (af == AF_INET6) {
901 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6), rcvsock);
902 # ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
903 setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO,
904 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
905 setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_2292PKTINFO,
906 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
908 setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO,
909 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
914 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP), rcvsock);
917 #if TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG
919 setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
920 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
922 if (op & OPT_BYPASS_ROUTE)
923 setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
924 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
926 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
927 if (af == AF_INET6) {
928 static const int two = 2;
929 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, &two, sizeof(two)) < 0)
930 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt RAW_CHECKSUM");
931 xmove_fd(xsocket(af, SOCK_DGRAM, 0), sndsock);
935 if (op & OPT_USE_ICMP)
936 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP), sndsock);
938 xmove_fd(xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0), sndsock);
939 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE && defined IP_OPTIONS
941 unsigned char optlist[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
945 gwlist[lsrr] = dest_lsa->u.sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
948 /* force 4 byte alignment */
949 optlist[0] = IPOPT_NOP;
950 /* loose source route option */
951 optlist[1] = IPOPT_LSRR;
952 size = lsrr * sizeof(gwlist[0]);
953 optlist[2] = size + 3;
954 /* pointer to LSRR addresses */
955 optlist[3] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
956 memcpy(optlist + 4, gwlist, size);
958 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,
959 (char *)optlist, size + sizeof(gwlist[0])) < 0) {
960 bb_perror_msg_and_die("IP_OPTIONS");
967 if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &packlen, sizeof(packlen)) < 0) {
968 bb_perror_msg_and_die("SO_SNDBUF");
972 if ((op & OPT_TOS) && setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, &tos, sizeof(tos)) < 0) {
973 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setsockopt tos %d", tos);
977 if (op & OPT_DONT_FRAGMNT)
978 setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DONTFRAG,
979 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
981 #if TRACEROUTE_SO_DEBUG
983 setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
984 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
986 if (op & OPT_BYPASS_ROUTE)
987 setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
988 &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
990 outip = xzalloc(packlen);
995 if (op & OPT_USE_ICMP) {
997 outicmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
998 outicmp->icmp_id = htons(ident);
999 outdata = (struct outdata_t *)((char *)outicmp + SIZEOF_ICMP_HDR);
1001 outdata = (struct outdata_t *)(outudp + 1);
1005 if (op & OPT_DEVICE) /* hmm, do we need error check? */
1006 setsockopt_bindtodevice(sndsock, device);
1008 if (op & OPT_SOURCE) {
1009 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1010 // TODO: need xdotted_and_af2sockaddr?
1011 len_and_sockaddr *source_lsa = xhost_and_af2sockaddr(source, 0, af);
1013 len_and_sockaddr *source_lsa = xdotted2sockaddr(source, 0);
1015 /* Ping4 does this (why?) */
1017 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
1018 &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len))
1019 bb_error_msg_and_die("can't set multicast source interface");
1020 //TODO: we can query source port we bound to,
1021 // and check it in replies... if we care enough
1022 xbind(sndsock, &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len);
1025 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1026 else if (af == AF_INET6) {
1027 //TODO: why we don't do it for IPv4?
1028 len_and_sockaddr *source_lsa;
1030 int probe_fd = xsocket(af, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1031 if (op & OPT_DEVICE)
1032 setsockopt_bindtodevice(probe_fd, device);
1033 set_nport(&dest_lsa->u.sa, htons(1025));
1034 /* dummy connect. makes kernel pick source IP (and port) */
1035 xconnect(probe_fd, &dest_lsa->u.sa, dest_lsa->len);
1036 set_nport(&dest_lsa->u.sa, htons(port));
1038 /* read IP and port */
1039 source_lsa = get_sock_lsa(probe_fd);
1040 if (source_lsa == NULL)
1041 bb_error_msg_and_die("can't get probe addr");
1045 /* bind our sockets to this IP (but not port) */
1046 set_nport(&source_lsa->u.sa, 0);
1047 xbind(sndsock, &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len);
1048 xbind(rcvsock, &source_lsa->u.sa, source_lsa->len);
1054 /* Revert to non-privileged user after opening sockets */
1058 dest_str = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted_noport(&dest_lsa->u.sa);
1059 printf("traceroute to %s (%s)", argv[0], dest_str);
1060 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP) {
1064 if (op & OPT_SOURCE)
1065 printf(" from %s", source);
1066 printf(", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_ttl, packlen);
1068 from_lsa = xmemdup(dest_lsa, LSA_LEN_SIZE + dest_lsa->len);
1069 lastaddr = xzalloc(dest_lsa->len);
1070 to = xzalloc(dest_lsa->len);
1072 for (ttl = first_ttl; ttl <= max_ttl; ++ttl) {
1074 int unreachable = 0; /* counter */
1075 int gotlastaddr = 0; /* flags */
1079 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
1087 if (probe != 0 && pausemsecs > 0)
1088 usleep(pausemsecs * 1000);
1090 send_probe(++seq, ttl);
1091 t2 = t1 = monotonic_us();
1093 left_ms = waittime * 1000;
1094 while ((read_len = wait_for_reply(from_lsa, to, &t2, &left_ms)) != 0) {
1097 /* Recv'ed a packet, or read error */
1098 /* t2 = monotonic_us() - set by wait_for_reply */
1102 icmp_code = packet_ok(read_len, from_lsa, to, seq);
1103 /* Skip short packet */
1108 || (memcmp(lastaddr, &from_lsa->u.sa, from_lsa->len) != 0)
1110 print(read_len, &from_lsa->u.sa, to);
1111 memcpy(lastaddr, &from_lsa->u.sa, from_lsa->len);
1115 print_delta_ms(t1, t2);
1116 ip = (struct ip *)recv_pkt;
1118 if (from_lsa->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
1119 if (op & OPT_TTL_FLAG)
1120 printf(" (%d)", ip->ip_ttl);
1122 /* time exceeded in transit */
1123 if (icmp_code == -1)
1126 switch (icmp_code) {
1127 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1128 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT << 8:
1132 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1133 if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1)
1138 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1139 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6 && (ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE != ICMP_UNREACH_NET)
1140 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE << 8:
1145 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1146 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1147 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR << 8:
1152 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1156 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1157 printf(" !F-%d", pmtu);
1160 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1161 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1162 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN << 8:
1167 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1168 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB: /* misuse */
1172 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB:
1176 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE:
1180 case ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF:
1184 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN:
1185 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN:
1189 case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED:
1193 case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET:
1194 case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST:
1199 printf(" !<%d>", icmp_code);
1204 } /* while (wait and read a packet) */
1206 /* there was no packet at all? */
1209 } /* for (nprobes) */
1213 || (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= nprobes - 1)
1219 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP) {
1228 int traceroute_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
1229 int traceroute_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
1231 return common_traceroute_main(0, argv);
1234 #if ENABLE_TRACEROUTE6
1235 int traceroute6_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
1236 int traceroute6_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
1238 return common_traceroute_main(OPT_IPV6, argv);