1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * httpd implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>
6 * Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
8 * simplify patch stolen from libbb without using strdup
10 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
12 *****************************************************************************
16 * httpd -p 8080 -h $HOME/public_html
17 * or for daemon start from rc script with uid=0:
19 * This is equivalent if www user have uid=80 to
20 * httpd -p 80 -u 80 -h /www -c /etc/httpd.conf -r "Web Server Authentication"
23 * When a url starts by "/cgi-bin/" it is assumed to be a cgi script. The
24 * server changes directory to the location of the script and executes it
25 * after setting QUERY_STRING and other environment variables.
28 * "CGI Environment Variables": http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html
30 * The server can also be invoked as a url arg decoder and html text encoder
32 * foo=`httpd -d $foo` # decode "Hello%20World" as "Hello World"
33 * bar=`httpd -e "<Hello World>"` # encode as "<Hello World>"
34 * Note that url encoding for arguments is not the same as html encoding for
35 * presentation. -d decodes a url-encoded argument while -e encodes in html
38 * httpd.conf has the following format:
40 * A:172.20. # Allow address from 172.20.0.0/16
41 * A:10.0.0.0/25 # Allow any address from 10.0.0.0-10.0.0.127
42 * A:10.0.0.0/255.255.255.128 # Allow any address that previous set
43 * A:127.0.0.1 # Allow local loopback connections
44 * D:* # Deny from other IP connections
45 * E404:/path/e404.html # /path/e404.html is the 404 (not found) error page
46 * I:index.html # Show index.html when a directory is requested
48 * P:/url:[http://]hostname[:port]/new/path
49 * # When /urlXXXXXX is requested, reverse proxy
50 * # it to http://hostname[:port]/new/pathXXXXXX
52 * /cgi-bin:foo:bar # Require user foo, pwd bar on urls starting with /cgi-bin/
53 * /adm:admin:setup # Require user admin, pwd setup on urls starting with /adm/
54 * /adm:toor:PaSsWd # or user toor, pwd PaSsWd on urls starting with /adm/
55 * .au:audio/basic # additional mime type for audio.au files
56 * *.php:/path/php # running cgi.php scripts through an interpreter
58 * A/D may be as a/d or allow/deny - first char case insensitive
59 * Deny IP rules take precedence over allow rules.
62 * The Deny/Allow IP logic:
64 * - Default is to allow all. No addresses are denied unless
65 * denied with a D: rule.
66 * - Order of Deny/Allow rules is significant
67 * - Deny rules take precedence over allow rules.
68 * - If a deny all rule (D:*) is used it acts as a catch-all for unmatched
70 * - Specification of Allow all (A:*) is a no-op
73 * 1. Allow only specified addresses
74 * A:172.20 # Allow any address that begins with 172.20.
75 * A:10.10. # Allow any address that begins with 10.10.
76 * A:127.0.0.1 # Allow local loopback connections
77 * D:* # Deny from other IP connections
79 * 2. Only deny specified addresses
80 * D:1.2.3. # deny from 1.2.3.0 - 1.2.3.255
81 * D:2.3.4. # deny from 2.3.4.0 - 2.3.4.255
82 * A:* # (optional line added for clarity)
84 * If a sub directory contains a config file it is parsed and merged with
85 * any existing settings as if it was appended to the original configuration.
87 * subdir paths are relative to the containing subdir and thus cannot
88 * affect the parent rules.
90 * Note that since the sub dir is parsed in the forked thread servicing the
91 * subdir http request, any merge is discarded when the process exits. As a
92 * result, the subdir settings only have a lifetime of a single request.
94 * Custom error pages can contain an absolute path or be relative to
95 * 'home_httpd'. Error pages are to be static files (no CGI or script). Error
96 * page can only be defined in the root configuration file and are not taken
97 * into account in local (directories) config files.
99 * If -c is not set, an attempt will be made to open the default
100 * root configuration file. If -c is set and the file is not found, the
101 * server exits with an error.
106 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_USE_SENDFILE
107 #include <sys/sendfile.h>
113 #define IOBUF_SIZE 8192 /* IO buffer */
115 /* amount of buffering in a pipe */
117 # define PIPE_BUF 4096
119 #if PIPE_BUF >= IOBUF_SIZE
120 # error "PIPE_BUF >= IOBUF_SIZE"
123 #define HEADER_READ_TIMEOUT 60
125 static const char default_path_httpd_conf[] ALIGN1 = "/etc";
126 static const char httpd_conf[] ALIGN1 = "httpd.conf";
127 static const char HTTP_200[] ALIGN1 = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n";
129 typedef struct has_next_ptr {
130 struct has_next_ptr *next;
133 /* Must have "next" as a first member */
134 typedef struct Htaccess {
135 struct Htaccess *next;
137 char before_colon[1]; /* really bigger, must be last */
140 /* Must have "next" as a first member */
141 typedef struct Htaccess_IP {
142 struct Htaccess_IP *next;
148 /* Must have "next" as a first member */
149 typedef struct Htaccess_Proxy {
150 struct Htaccess_Proxy *next;
158 HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206,
159 HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302,
160 HTTP_BAD_REQUEST = 400, /* malformed syntax */
161 HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED = 401, /* authentication needed, respond with auth hdr */
162 HTTP_NOT_FOUND = 404,
163 HTTP_FORBIDDEN = 403,
164 HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408,
165 HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501, /* used for unrecognized requests */
166 HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500,
168 #if 0 /* future use */
169 HTTP_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101,
172 HTTP_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFO = 203,
173 HTTP_NO_CONTENT = 204,
174 HTTP_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300,
175 HTTP_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301,
176 HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED = 304,
177 HTTP_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402,
178 HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY = 502,
179 HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503, /* overload, maintenance */
180 HTTP_RESPONSE_SETSIZE = 0xffffffff
184 static const uint16_t http_response_type[] ALIGN2 = {
186 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
187 HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT,
189 HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY,
190 HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
191 HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
192 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
198 HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
199 #if 0 /* not implemented */
203 HTTP_MULTIPLE_CHOICES,
204 HTTP_MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
207 HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
211 static const struct {
214 } http_response[ARRAY_SIZE(http_response_type)] = {
216 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
217 { "Partial Content", NULL },
220 { "Request Timeout", "No request appeared within 60 seconds" },
221 { "Not Implemented", "The requested method is not recognized" },
222 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
223 { "Unauthorized", "" },
225 { "Not Found", "The requested URL was not found" },
226 { "Bad Request", "Unsupported method" },
228 { "Internal Server Error", "Internal Server Error" },
229 #if 0 /* not implemented */
233 { "Multiple Choices" },
234 { "Moved Permanently" },
236 { "Bad Gateway", "" },
237 { "Service Unavailable", "" },
243 int verbose; /* must be int (used by getopt32) */
244 smallint flg_deny_all;
246 unsigned rmt_ip; /* used for IP-based allow/deny rules */
248 char *rmt_ip_str; /* for $REMOTE_ADDR and $REMOTE_PORT */
249 const char *bind_addr_or_port;
252 const char *configFile;
253 const char *home_httpd;
254 const char *index_page;
256 const char *found_mime_type;
257 const char *found_moved_temporarily;
258 Htaccess_IP *ip_a_d; /* config allow/deny lines */
260 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH(const char *g_realm;)
261 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH(char *remoteuser;)
262 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI(char *referer;)
263 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI(char *user_agent;)
265 off_t file_size; /* -1 - unknown */
266 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
272 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
273 Htaccess *g_auth; /* config user:password lines */
275 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES
276 Htaccess *mime_a; /* config mime types */
278 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
279 Htaccess *script_i; /* config script interpreters */
281 char *iobuf; /* [IOBUF_SIZE] */
282 #define hdr_buf bb_common_bufsiz1
285 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES
286 const char *http_error_page[ARRAY_SIZE(http_response_type)];
288 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
289 Htaccess_Proxy *proxy;
292 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
293 #define verbose (G.verbose )
294 #define flg_deny_all (G.flg_deny_all )
295 #define rmt_ip (G.rmt_ip )
296 #define bind_addr_or_port (G.bind_addr_or_port)
297 #define g_query (G.g_query )
298 #define configFile (G.configFile )
299 #define home_httpd (G.home_httpd )
300 #define index_page (G.index_page )
301 #define found_mime_type (G.found_mime_type )
302 #define found_moved_temporarily (G.found_moved_temporarily)
303 #define last_mod (G.last_mod )
304 #define ip_a_d (G.ip_a_d )
305 #define g_realm (G.g_realm )
306 #define remoteuser (G.remoteuser )
307 #define referer (G.referer )
308 #define user_agent (G.user_agent )
309 #define file_size (G.file_size )
310 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
311 #define range_start (G.range_start )
312 #define range_end (G.range_end )
313 #define range_len (G.range_len )
315 #define rmt_ip_str (G.rmt_ip_str )
316 #define g_auth (G.g_auth )
317 #define mime_a (G.mime_a )
318 #define script_i (G.script_i )
319 #define iobuf (G.iobuf )
320 #define hdr_ptr (G.hdr_ptr )
321 #define hdr_cnt (G.hdr_cnt )
322 #define http_error_page (G.http_error_page )
323 #define proxy (G.proxy )
324 #define INIT_G() do { \
325 SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(xzalloc(sizeof(G))); \
326 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH(g_realm = "Web Server Authentication";) \
327 bind_addr_or_port = "80"; \
328 index_page = "index.html"; \
332 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
335 range_end = MAXINT(off_t) - 1,
336 range_len = MAXINT(off_t),
341 #define STRNCASECMP(a, str) strncasecmp((a), (str), sizeof(str)-1)
345 SEND_HEADERS = (1 << 0),
346 SEND_BODY = (1 << 1),
347 SEND_HEADERS_AND_BODY = SEND_HEADERS + SEND_BODY,
349 static void send_file_and_exit(const char *url, int what) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
351 static void free_llist(has_next_ptr **pptr)
353 has_next_ptr *cur = *pptr;
355 has_next_ptr *t = cur;
362 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH \
363 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES \
364 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
365 static ALWAYS_INLINE void free_Htaccess_list(Htaccess **pptr)
367 free_llist((has_next_ptr**)pptr);
371 static ALWAYS_INLINE void free_Htaccess_IP_list(Htaccess_IP **pptr)
373 free_llist((has_next_ptr**)pptr);
376 /* Returns presumed mask width in bits or < 0 on error.
377 * Updates strp, stores IP at provided pointer */
378 static int scan_ip(const char **strp, unsigned *ipp, unsigned char endc)
380 const char *p = *strp;
388 for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
391 if ((*p < '0' || *p > '9') && *p != '/' && *p)
394 while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
405 ip = (ip << 8) | octet;
419 /* Returns 0 on success. Stores IP and mask at provided pointers */
420 static int scan_ip_mask(const char *str, unsigned *ipp, unsigned *maskp)
426 i = scan_ip(&str, ipp, '/');
431 /* there is /xxx after dotted-IP address */
432 i = bb_strtou(str, &p, 10);
434 /* 'xxx' itself is dotted-IP mask, parse it */
435 /* (return 0 (success) only if it has N.N.N.N form) */
436 return scan_ip(&str, maskp, '\0') - 32;
445 if (sizeof(unsigned) == 4 && i == 32) {
446 /* mask >>= 32 below may not work */
452 /* i == 0 -> *maskp = 0x00000000
453 * i == 1 -> *maskp = 0x80000000
454 * i == 4 -> *maskp = 0xf0000000
455 * i == 31 -> *maskp = 0xfffffffe
456 * i == 32 -> *maskp = 0xffffffff */
457 *maskp = (uint32_t)(~mask);
462 * Parse configuration file into in-memory linked list.
464 * The first non-white character is examined to determine if the config line
465 * is one of the following:
466 * .ext:mime/type # new mime type not compiled into httpd
467 * [adAD]:from # ip address allow/deny, * for wildcard
468 * /path:user:pass # username/password
469 * Ennn:error.html # error page for status nnn
470 * P:/url:[http://]hostname[:port]/new/path # reverse proxy
472 * Any previous IP rules are discarded.
473 * If the flag argument is not SUBDIR_PARSE then all /path and mime rules
474 * are also discarded. That is, previous settings are retained if flag is
476 * Error pages are only parsed on the main config file.
478 * path Path where to look for httpd.conf (without filename).
479 * flag Type of the parse request.
482 #define FIRST_PARSE 0
483 #define SUBDIR_PARSE 1
484 #define SIGNALED_PARSE 2
485 #define FIND_FROM_HTTPD_ROOT 3
486 static void parse_conf(const char *path, int flag)
489 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
492 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH \
493 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES \
494 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
497 const char *cf = configFile;
503 /* discard old rules */
504 free_Htaccess_IP_list(&ip_a_d);
506 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH \
507 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES \
508 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
509 /* retain previous auth and mime config only for subdir parse */
510 if (flag != SUBDIR_PARSE) {
511 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
512 free_Htaccess_list(&g_auth);
514 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES
515 free_Htaccess_list(&mime_a);
517 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
518 free_Htaccess_list(&script_i);
523 if (flag == SUBDIR_PARSE || cf == NULL) {
524 cf = alloca(strlen(path) + sizeof(httpd_conf) + 2);
525 sprintf((char *)cf, "%s/%s", path, httpd_conf);
528 while ((f = fopen(cf, "r")) == NULL) {
529 if (flag == SUBDIR_PARSE || flag == FIND_FROM_HTTPD_ROOT) {
530 /* config file not found, no changes to config */
533 if (configFile && flag == FIRST_PARSE) /* if -c option given */
534 bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die(cf);
535 flag = FIND_FROM_HTTPD_ROOT;
539 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
542 /* This could stand some work */
543 while ((p0 = fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f)) != NULL) {
545 for (p = p0; *p0 != '\0' && *p0 != '#'; p0++) {
548 if (*p0 == ':' && c == NULL)
554 /* test for empty or strange line */
555 if (c == NULL || *c == '\0')
562 /* memorize deny all */
565 /* skip default other "word:*" config lines */
571 if (*p0 == 'A' || *p0 == 'D') {
572 /* storing current config IP line */
573 pip = xzalloc(sizeof(Htaccess_IP));
575 if (scan_ip_mask(c, &(pip->ip), &(pip->mask))) {
576 /* syntax IP{/mask} error detected, protect all */
580 pip->allow_deny = *p0;
582 /* Deny:from_IP move top */
586 /* add to bottom A:form_IP config line */
587 Htaccess_IP *prev_IP = ip_a_d;
589 if (prev_IP == NULL) {
592 while (prev_IP->next)
593 prev_IP = prev_IP->next;
601 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES
602 if (flag == FIRST_PARSE && *p0 == 'E') {
604 /* error status code */
605 int status = atoi(++p0);
606 /* c already points at the character following ':' in parse loop */
607 /* c = strchr(p0, ':'); c++; */
608 if (status < HTTP_CONTINUE) {
609 bb_error_msg("config error '%s' in '%s'", buf, cf);
613 /* then error page; find matching status */
614 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(http_response_type); i++) {
615 if (http_response_type[i] == status) {
616 // We chdir to home_httpd, thus no need to
617 // concat_path_file(home_httpd, c)
618 //if (c[0] == '/' || home_httpd[0] != '/')
619 http_error_page[i] = xstrdup(c);
621 // http_error_page[i] = concat_path_file(home_httpd, c);
629 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
630 if (flag == FIRST_PARSE && *p0 == 'P') {
631 /* P:/url:[http://]hostname[:port]/new/path */
632 char *url_from, *host_port, *url_to;
633 Htaccess_Proxy *proxy_entry;
636 host_port = strchr(c, ':');
637 if (host_port == NULL) {
638 bb_error_msg("config error '%s' in '%s'", buf, cf);
642 if (strncmp(host_port, "http://", 7) == 0)
644 if (*host_port == '\0') {
645 bb_error_msg("config error '%s' in '%s'", buf, cf);
648 url_to = strchr(host_port, '/');
649 if (url_to == NULL) {
650 bb_error_msg("config error '%s' in '%s'", buf, cf);
654 proxy_entry = xzalloc(sizeof(Htaccess_Proxy));
655 proxy_entry->url_from = xstrdup(url_from);
656 proxy_entry->host_port = xstrdup(host_port);
658 proxy_entry->url_to = xstrdup(url_to);
659 proxy_entry->next = proxy;
665 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
667 /* make full path from httpd root / current_path / config_line_path */
668 cf = (flag == SUBDIR_PARSE ? path : "");
669 p0 = xmalloc(strlen(cf) + (c - buf) + 2 + strlen(c));
671 sprintf(p0, "/%s%s", cf, buf);
673 /* another call bb_simplify_path */
678 if (*cf == '/') { /* skip duplicate (or initial) slash */
682 if (cf[1] == '/' || cf[1] == '\0') { /* remove extra '.' */
685 if ((cf[1] == '.') && (cf[2] == '/' || cf[2] == '\0')) {
688 while (*--p != '/') /* omit previous dir */;
697 if ((p == p0) || (*p != '/')) { /* not a trailing slash */
698 ++p; /* so keep last character */
706 index_page = xstrdup(c);
710 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH \
711 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES \
712 || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
713 /* storing current config line */
714 cur = xzalloc(sizeof(Htaccess) + strlen(p0));
715 cf = strcpy(cur->before_colon, p0);
716 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
722 cur->after_colon = c;
723 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES
725 /* config .mime line move top for overwrite previous */
731 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
732 if (*cf == '*' && cf[1] == '.') {
733 /* config script interpreter line move top for overwrite previous */
734 cur->next = script_i;
739 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
744 /* sort path, if current length eq or bigger then move up */
745 Htaccess *prev_hti = g_auth;
746 size_t l = strlen(cf);
749 for (hti = prev_hti; hti; hti = hti->next) {
750 if (l >= strlen(hti->before_colon)) {
751 /* insert before hti */
753 if (prev_hti != hti) {
754 prev_hti->next = cur;
762 prev_hti = prev_hti->next;
764 if (!hti) { /* not inserted, add to bottom */
769 #endif /* BASIC_AUTH */
770 #endif /* BASIC_AUTH || MIME_TYPES || SCRIPT_INTERPR */
771 } /* while (fgets) */
775 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR
777 * Given a string, html-encode special characters.
778 * This is used for the -e command line option to provide an easy way
779 * for scripts to encode result data without confusing browsers. The
780 * returned string pointer is memory allocated by malloc().
782 * Returns a pointer to the encoded string (malloced).
784 static char *encodeString(const char *string)
786 /* take the simple route and encode everything */
787 /* could possibly scan once to get length. */
788 int len = strlen(string);
789 char *out = xmalloc(len * 6 + 1);
793 while ((ch = *string++)) {
794 /* very simple check for what to encode */
798 p += sprintf(p, "&#%d;", (unsigned char) ch);
803 #endif /* FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR */
806 * Given a URL encoded string, convert it to plain ascii.
807 * Since decoding always makes strings smaller, the decode is done in-place.
808 * Thus, callers should xstrdup() the argument if they do not want the
809 * argument modified. The return is the original pointer, allowing this
810 * function to be easily used as arguments to other functions.
812 * string The first string to decode.
813 * option_d 1 if called for httpd -d
815 * Returns a pointer to the decoded string (same as input).
817 static unsigned hex_to_bin(unsigned char c)
824 /* c | 0x20: letters to lower case, non-letters
825 * to (potentially different) non-letters */
826 v = (unsigned)(c | 0x20) - 'a';
832 void t(char c) { printf("'%c'(%u) %u\n", c, c, hex_to_bin(c)); }
833 int main() { t(0x10); t(0x20); t('0'); t('9'); t('A'); t('F'); t('a'); t('f');
834 t('0'-1); t('9'+1); t('A'-1); t('F'+1); t('a'-1); t('f'+1); return 0; }
836 static char *decodeString(char *orig, int option_d)
838 /* note that decoded string is always shorter than original */
843 while ((c = *ptr++) != '\0') {
846 if (option_d && c == '+') {
854 v = hex_to_bin(ptr[0]);
862 v = (v * 16) | hex_to_bin(ptr[1]);
865 if (!option_d && (v == '/' || v == '\0')) {
866 /* caller takes it as indication of invalid
867 * (dangerous wrt exploits) chars */
877 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
879 * Decode a base64 data stream as per rfc1521.
880 * Note that the rfc states that non base64 chars are to be ignored.
881 * Since the decode always results in a shorter size than the input,
882 * it is OK to pass the input arg as an output arg.
883 * Parameter: a pointer to a base64 encoded string.
884 * Decoded data is stored in-place.
886 static void decodeBase64(char *Data)
888 const unsigned char *in = (const unsigned char *)Data;
889 /* The decoded size will be at most 3/4 the size of the encoded */
896 if (t >= '0' && t <= '9')
898 else if (t >= 'A' && t <= 'Z')
900 else if (t >= 'a' && t <= 'z')
914 *Data++ = (char) (ch >> 16);
915 *Data++ = (char) (ch >> 8);
925 * Create a listen server socket on the designated port.
927 static int openServer(void)
929 unsigned n = bb_strtou(bind_addr_or_port, NULL, 10);
930 if (!errno && n && n <= 0xffff)
931 n = create_and_bind_stream_or_die(NULL, n);
933 n = create_and_bind_stream_or_die(bind_addr_or_port, 80);
939 * Log the connection closure and exit.
941 static void log_and_exit(void) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
942 static void log_and_exit(void)
944 /* Paranoia. IE said to be buggy. It may send some extra data
945 * or be confused by us just exiting without SHUT_WR. Oh well. */
946 shutdown(1, SHUT_WR);
948 (this also messes up stdin when user runs httpd -i from terminal)
950 while (read(STDIN_FILENO, iobuf, IOBUF_SIZE) > 0)
955 bb_error_msg("closed");
956 _exit(xfunc_error_retval);
960 * Create and send HTTP response headers.
961 * The arguments are combined and sent as one write operation. Note that
962 * IE will puke big-time if the headers are not sent in one packet and the
963 * second packet is delayed for any reason.
964 * responseNum - the result code to send.
966 static void send_headers(int responseNum)
968 static const char RFC1123FMT[] ALIGN1 = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT";
970 const char *responseString = "";
971 const char *infoString = NULL;
972 const char *mime_type;
973 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES
974 const char *error_page = NULL;
977 time_t timer = time(0);
981 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(http_response_type); i++) {
982 if (http_response_type[i] == responseNum) {
983 responseString = http_response[i].name;
984 infoString = http_response[i].info;
985 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES
986 error_page = http_error_page[i];
991 /* error message is HTML */
992 mime_type = responseNum == HTTP_OK ?
993 found_mime_type : "text/html";
996 bb_error_msg("response:%u", responseNum);
998 /* emit the current date */
999 strftime(tmp_str, sizeof(tmp_str), RFC1123FMT, gmtime(&timer));
1000 len = sprintf(iobuf,
1001 "HTTP/1.0 %d %s\r\nContent-type: %s\r\n"
1002 "Date: %s\r\nConnection: close\r\n",
1003 responseNum, responseString, mime_type, tmp_str);
1005 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
1006 if (responseNum == HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED) {
1007 len += sprintf(iobuf + len,
1008 "WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"%s\"\r\n",
1012 if (responseNum == HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) {
1013 len += sprintf(iobuf + len, "Location: %s/%s%s\r\n",
1014 found_moved_temporarily,
1015 (g_query ? "?" : ""),
1016 (g_query ? g_query : ""));
1019 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES
1020 if (error_page && access(error_page, R_OK) == 0) {
1021 strcat(iobuf, "\r\n");
1025 fprintf(stderr, "headers: '%s'\n", iobuf);
1026 full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, iobuf, len);
1028 fprintf(stderr, "writing error page: '%s'\n", error_page);
1029 return send_file_and_exit(error_page, SEND_BODY);
1033 if (file_size != -1) { /* file */
1034 strftime(tmp_str, sizeof(tmp_str), RFC1123FMT, gmtime(&last_mod));
1035 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
1036 if (responseNum == HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT) {
1037 len += sprintf(iobuf + len, "Content-Range: bytes %"OFF_FMT"d-%"OFF_FMT"d/%"OFF_FMT"d\r\n",
1041 file_size = range_end - range_start + 1;
1044 len += sprintf(iobuf + len,
1045 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
1046 "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
1048 "Last-Modified: %s\r\n%s %"OFF_FMT"d\r\n",
1054 iobuf[len++] = '\r';
1055 iobuf[len++] = '\n';
1057 len += sprintf(iobuf + len,
1058 "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>%d %s</TITLE></HEAD>\n"
1059 "<BODY><H1>%d %s</H1>\n%s\n</BODY></HTML>\n",
1060 responseNum, responseString,
1061 responseNum, responseString, infoString);
1064 fprintf(stderr, "headers: '%s'\n", iobuf);
1065 if (full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, iobuf, len) != len) {
1067 bb_perror_msg("error");
1072 static void send_headers_and_exit(int responseNum) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
1073 static void send_headers_and_exit(int responseNum)
1075 send_headers(responseNum);
1080 * Read from the socket until '\n' or EOF. '\r' chars are removed.
1081 * '\n' is replaced with NUL.
1082 * Return number of characters read or 0 if nothing is read
1083 * ('\r' and '\n' are not counted).
1084 * Data is returned in iobuf.
1086 static int get_line(void)
1093 hdr_cnt = safe_read(STDIN_FILENO, hdr_buf, sizeof(hdr_buf));
1098 iobuf[count] = c = *hdr_ptr++;
1104 iobuf[count] = '\0';
1107 if (count < (IOBUF_SIZE - 1)) /* check overflow */
1113 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
1115 /* gcc 4.2.1 fares better with NOINLINE */
1116 static NOINLINE void cgi_io_loop_and_exit(int fromCgi_rd, int toCgi_wr, int post_len) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
1117 static NOINLINE void cgi_io_loop_and_exit(int fromCgi_rd, int toCgi_wr, int post_len)
1119 enum { FROM_CGI = 1, TO_CGI = 2 }; /* indexes in pfd[] */
1120 struct pollfd pfd[3];
1121 int out_cnt; /* we buffer a bit of initial CGI output */
1124 /* iobuf is used for CGI -> network data,
1125 * hdr_buf is for network -> CGI data (POSTDATA) */
1127 /* If CGI dies, we still want to correctly finish reading its output
1128 * and send it to the peer. So please no SIGPIPEs! */
1129 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
1131 // We inconsistently handle a case when more POSTDATA from network
1132 // is coming than we expected. We may give *some part* of that
1133 // extra data to CGI.
1135 //if (hdr_cnt > post_len) {
1136 // /* We got more POSTDATA from network than we expected */
1137 // hdr_cnt = post_len;
1139 post_len -= hdr_cnt;
1140 /* post_len - number of POST bytes not yet read from network */
1142 /* NB: breaking out of this loop jumps to log_and_exit() */
1145 memset(pfd, 0, sizeof(pfd));
1147 pfd[FROM_CGI].fd = fromCgi_rd;
1148 pfd[FROM_CGI].events = POLLIN;
1151 pfd[TO_CGI].fd = toCgi_wr;
1153 pfd[TO_CGI].events = POLLOUT;
1154 } else if (post_len > 0) {
1155 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
1157 /* post_len <= 0 && hdr_cnt <= 0:
1158 * no more POST data to CGI,
1159 * let CGI see EOF on CGI's stdin */
1165 /* Now wait on the set of sockets */
1166 count = safe_poll(pfd, 3, -1);
1169 if (safe_waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) <= 0) {
1170 /* Weird. CGI didn't exit and no fd's
1171 * are ready, yet poll returned?! */
1174 if (DEBUG && WIFEXITED(status))
1175 bb_error_msg("CGI exited, status=%d", WEXITSTATUS(status));
1176 if (DEBUG && WIFSIGNALED(status))
1177 bb_error_msg("CGI killed, signal=%d", WTERMSIG(status));
1182 if (pfd[TO_CGI].revents) {
1183 /* hdr_cnt > 0 here due to the way pfd[TO_CGI].events set */
1184 /* Have data from peer and can write to CGI */
1185 count = safe_write(toCgi_wr, hdr_ptr, hdr_cnt);
1186 /* Doesn't happen, we dont use nonblocking IO here
1187 *if (count < 0 && errno == EAGAIN) {
1194 /* EOF/broken pipe to CGI, stop piping POST data */
1195 hdr_cnt = post_len = 0;
1199 if (pfd[0].revents) {
1200 /* post_len > 0 && hdr_cnt == 0 here */
1201 /* We expect data, prev data portion is eaten by CGI
1202 * and there *is* data to read from the peer
1204 //count = post_len > (int)sizeof(hdr_buf) ? (int)sizeof(hdr_buf) : post_len;
1205 //count = safe_read(STDIN_FILENO, hdr_buf, count);
1206 count = safe_read(STDIN_FILENO, hdr_buf, sizeof(hdr_buf));
1212 /* no more POST data can be read */
1217 if (pfd[FROM_CGI].revents) {
1218 /* There is something to read from CGI */
1221 /* Are we still buffering CGI output? */
1223 /* HTTP_200[] has single "\r\n" at the end.
1224 * According to http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/out.html,
1225 * CGI scripts MUST send their own header terminated by
1226 * empty line, then data. That's why we have only one
1227 * <cr><lf> pair here. We will output "200 OK" line
1228 * if needed, but CGI still has to provide blank line
1229 * between header and body */
1231 /* Must use safe_read, not full_read, because
1232 * CGI may output a few first bytes and then wait
1233 * for POSTDATA without closing stdout.
1234 * With full_read we may wait here forever. */
1235 count = safe_read(fromCgi_rd, rbuf + out_cnt, PIPE_BUF - 8);
1237 /* eof (or error) and there was no "HTTP",
1238 * so write it, then write received data */
1240 full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, HTTP_200, sizeof(HTTP_200)-1);
1241 full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, rbuf, out_cnt);
1243 break; /* CGI stdout is closed, exiting */
1247 /* "Status" header format is: "Status: 302 Redirected\r\n" */
1248 if (out_cnt >= 8 && memcmp(rbuf, "Status: ", 8) == 0) {
1249 /* send "HTTP/1.0 " */
1250 if (full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, HTTP_200, 9) != 9)
1252 rbuf += 8; /* skip "Status: " */
1253 count = out_cnt - 8;
1254 out_cnt = -1; /* buffering off */
1255 } else if (out_cnt >= 4) {
1256 /* Did CGI add "HTTP"? */
1257 if (memcmp(rbuf, HTTP_200, 4) != 0) {
1258 /* there is no "HTTP", do it ourself */
1259 if (full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, HTTP_200, sizeof(HTTP_200)-1) != sizeof(HTTP_200)-1)
1263 if (!strstr(rbuf, "ontent-")) {
1264 full_write(s, "Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n", 28);
1266 * Counter-example of valid CGI without Content-type:
1267 * echo -en "HTTP/1.0 302 Found\r\n"
1268 * echo -en "Location: http://www.busybox.net\r\n"
1272 out_cnt = -1; /* buffering off */
1275 count = safe_read(fromCgi_rd, rbuf, PIPE_BUF);
1277 break; /* eof (or error) */
1279 if (full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, rbuf, count) != count)
1282 fprintf(stderr, "cgi read %d bytes: '%.*s'\n", count, count, rbuf);
1283 } /* if (pfd[FROM_CGI].revents) */
1289 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
1291 static void setenv1(const char *name, const char *value)
1293 setenv(name, value ? value : "", 1);
1297 * Spawn CGI script, forward CGI's stdin/out <=> network
1299 * Environment variables are set up and the script is invoked with pipes
1300 * for stdin/stdout. If a POST is being done the script is fed the POST
1301 * data in addition to setting the QUERY_STRING variable (for GETs or POSTs).
1304 * const char *url The requested URL (with leading /).
1305 * int post_len Length of the POST body.
1306 * const char *cookie For set HTTP_COOKIE.
1307 * const char *content_type For set CONTENT_TYPE.
1309 static void send_cgi_and_exit(
1311 const char *request,
1314 const char *content_type) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
1315 static void send_cgi_and_exit(
1317 const char *request,
1320 const char *content_type)
1322 struct fd_pair fromCgi; /* CGI -> httpd pipe */
1323 struct fd_pair toCgi; /* httpd -> CGI pipe */
1327 /* Make a copy. NB: caller guarantees:
1328 * url[0] == '/', url[1] != '/' */
1332 * We are mucking with environment _first_ and then vfork/exec,
1333 * this allows us to use vfork safely. Parent doesn't care about
1334 * these environment changes anyway.
1337 /* Check for [dirs/]script.cgi/PATH_INFO */
1338 script = (char*)url;
1339 while ((script = strchr(script + 1, '/')) != NULL) {
1343 if (!is_directory(url + 1, 1, &sb)) {
1344 /* not directory, found script.cgi/PATH_INFO */
1348 *script = '/'; /* is directory, find next '/' */
1350 setenv1("PATH_INFO", script); /* set to /PATH_INFO or "" */
1351 setenv1("REQUEST_METHOD", request);
1353 putenv(xasprintf("%s=%s?%s", "REQUEST_URI", url, g_query));
1355 setenv1("REQUEST_URI", url);
1358 *script = '\0'; /* cut off /PATH_INFO */
1360 /* SCRIPT_FILENAME is required by PHP in CGI mode */
1361 if (home_httpd[0] == '/') {
1362 char *fullpath = concat_path_file(home_httpd, url);
1363 setenv1("SCRIPT_FILENAME", fullpath);
1365 /* set SCRIPT_NAME as full path: /cgi-bin/dirs/script.cgi */
1366 setenv1("SCRIPT_NAME", url);
1367 /* http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html:
1368 * QUERY_STRING: The information which follows the ? in the URL
1369 * which referenced this script. This is the query information.
1370 * It should not be decoded in any fashion. This variable
1371 * should always be set when there is query information,
1372 * regardless of command line decoding. */
1373 /* (Older versions of bbox seem to do some decoding) */
1374 setenv1("QUERY_STRING", g_query);
1375 putenv((char*)"SERVER_SOFTWARE=busybox httpd/"BB_VER);
1376 putenv((char*)"SERVER_PROTOCOL=HTTP/1.0");
1377 putenv((char*)"GATEWAY_INTERFACE=CGI/1.1");
1378 /* Having _separate_ variables for IP and port defeats
1379 * the purpose of having socket abstraction. Which "port"
1380 * are you using on Unix domain socket?
1381 * IOW - REMOTE_PEER="1.2.3.4:56" makes much more sense.
1384 char *p = rmt_ip_str ? rmt_ip_str : (char*)"";
1385 char *cp = strrchr(p, ':');
1386 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6 && cp && strchr(cp, ']'))
1388 if (cp) *cp = '\0'; /* delete :PORT */
1389 setenv1("REMOTE_ADDR", p);
1392 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SET_REMOTE_PORT_TO_ENV
1393 setenv1("REMOTE_PORT", cp + 1);
1397 setenv1("HTTP_USER_AGENT", user_agent);
1399 putenv(xasprintf("CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", post_len));
1401 setenv1("HTTP_COOKIE", cookie);
1403 setenv1("CONTENT_TYPE", content_type);
1404 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
1406 setenv1("REMOTE_USER", remoteuser);
1407 putenv((char*)"AUTH_TYPE=Basic");
1411 setenv1("HTTP_REFERER", referer);
1413 xpiped_pair(fromCgi);
1418 /* TODO: log perror? */
1426 xfunc_error_retval = 242;
1428 /* NB: close _first_, then move fds! */
1431 xmove_fd(toCgi.rd, 0); /* replace stdin with the pipe */
1432 xmove_fd(fromCgi.wr, 1); /* replace stdout with the pipe */
1433 /* User seeing stderr output can be a security problem.
1434 * If CGI really wants that, it can always do dup itself. */
1437 /* Chdiring to script's dir */
1438 script = strrchr(url, '/');
1439 if (script != url) { /* paranoia */
1441 if (chdir(url + 1) != 0) {
1442 bb_perror_msg("chdir %s", url + 1);
1443 goto error_execing_cgi;
1445 // not needed: *script = '/';
1449 /* set argv[0] to name without path */
1453 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
1455 char *suffix = strrchr(script, '.');
1459 for (cur = script_i; cur; cur = cur->next) {
1460 if (strcmp(cur->before_colon + 1, suffix) == 0) {
1461 /* found interpreter name */
1462 argv[0] = cur->after_colon;
1471 /* restore default signal dispositions for CGI process */
1478 /* _NOT_ execvp. We do not search PATH. argv[0] is a filename
1479 * without any dir components and will only match a file
1480 * in the current directory */
1481 execv(argv[0], argv);
1483 bb_perror_msg("exec %s", argv[0]);
1486 * (we are CGI here, our stdout is pumped to the net) */
1487 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_NOT_FOUND);
1490 /* Parent process */
1492 /* Restore variables possibly changed by child */
1493 xfunc_error_retval = 0;
1498 cgi_io_loop_and_exit(fromCgi.rd, toCgi.wr, post_len);
1501 #endif /* FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI */
1504 * Send a file response to a HTTP request, and exit
1507 * const char *url The requested URL (with leading /).
1508 * what What to send (headers/body/both).
1510 static void send_file_and_exit(const char *url, int what)
1512 static const char *const suffixTable[] = {
1513 /* Warning: shorter equivalent suffix in one line must be first */
1514 ".htm.html", "text/html",
1515 ".jpg.jpeg", "image/jpeg",
1516 ".gif", "image/gif",
1517 ".png", "image/png",
1518 ".txt.h.c.cc.cpp", "text/plain",
1520 ".wav", "audio/wav",
1521 ".avi", "video/x-msvideo",
1522 ".qt.mov", "video/quicktime",
1523 ".mpe.mpeg", "video/mpeg",
1524 ".mid.midi", "audio/midi",
1525 ".mp3", "audio/mpeg",
1526 #if 0 /* unpopular */
1527 ".au", "audio/basic",
1528 ".pac", "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",
1529 ".vrml.wrl", "model/vrml",
1536 const char *const *table;
1537 const char *try_suffix;
1539 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_USE_SENDFILE
1543 /* If you want to know about EPIPE below
1544 * (happens if you abort downloads from local httpd): */
1545 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
1547 suffix = strrchr(url, '.');
1549 /* If not found, set default as "application/octet-stream"; */
1550 found_mime_type = "application/octet-stream";
1552 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES
1555 for (table = suffixTable; *table; table += 2) {
1556 try_suffix = strstr(table[0], suffix);
1558 try_suffix += strlen(suffix);
1559 if (*try_suffix == '\0' || *try_suffix == '.') {
1560 found_mime_type = table[1];
1565 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_MIME_TYPES
1566 for (cur = mime_a; cur; cur = cur->next) {
1567 if (strcmp(cur->before_colon, suffix) == 0) {
1568 found_mime_type = cur->after_colon;
1576 bb_error_msg("sending file '%s' content-type: %s",
1577 url, found_mime_type);
1579 f = open(url, O_RDONLY);
1582 bb_perror_msg("cannot open '%s'", url);
1583 /* Error pages are sent by using send_file_and_exit(SEND_BODY).
1584 * IOW: it is unsafe to call send_headers_and_exit
1585 * if what is SEND_BODY! Can recurse! */
1586 if (what != SEND_BODY)
1587 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_NOT_FOUND);
1590 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
1591 if (what == SEND_BODY)
1592 range_start = 0; /* err pages and ranges don't mix */
1593 range_len = MAXINT(off_t);
1596 range_end = file_size - 1;
1598 if (range_end < range_start
1599 || lseek(f, range_start, SEEK_SET) != range_start
1601 lseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
1604 range_len = range_end - range_start + 1;
1605 send_headers(HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT);
1611 if (what & SEND_HEADERS)
1612 send_headers(HTTP_OK);
1614 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_USE_SENDFILE
1615 offset = range_start;
1617 /* sz is rounded down to 64k */
1618 ssize_t sz = MAXINT(ssize_t) - 0xffff;
1619 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES(if (sz > range_len) sz = range_len;)
1620 count = sendfile(1, f, &offset, sz);
1622 if (offset == range_start)
1626 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES(range_len -= sz;)
1627 } while (count > 0 && range_len);
1632 while ((count = safe_read(f, iobuf, IOBUF_SIZE)) > 0) {
1634 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES(if (count > range_len) count = range_len;)
1635 n = full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, iobuf, count);
1638 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES(range_len -= count;)
1642 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_USE_SENDFILE
1645 if (count < 0 && verbose > 1)
1646 bb_perror_msg("error");
1650 static int checkPermIP(void)
1654 /* This could stand some work */
1655 for (cur = ip_a_d; cur; cur = cur->next) {
1658 "checkPermIP: '%s' ? '%u.%u.%u.%u/%u.%u.%u.%u'\n",
1660 (unsigned char)(cur->ip >> 24),
1661 (unsigned char)(cur->ip >> 16),
1662 (unsigned char)(cur->ip >> 8),
1663 (unsigned char)(cur->ip),
1664 (unsigned char)(cur->mask >> 24),
1665 (unsigned char)(cur->mask >> 16),
1666 (unsigned char)(cur->mask >> 8),
1667 (unsigned char)(cur->mask)
1670 if ((rmt_ip & cur->mask) == cur->ip)
1671 return cur->allow_deny == 'A'; /* Allow/Deny */
1674 /* if unconfigured, return 1 - access from all */
1675 return !flg_deny_all;
1678 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
1680 * Check the permission file for access password protected.
1682 * If config file isn't present, everything is allowed.
1683 * Entries are of the form you can see example from header source
1685 * path The file path.
1686 * request User information to validate.
1688 * Returns 1 if request is OK.
1690 static int checkPerm(const char *path, const char *request)
1696 const char *prev = NULL;
1698 /* This could stand some work */
1699 for (cur = g_auth; cur; cur = cur->next) {
1702 p0 = cur->before_colon;
1703 if (prev != NULL && strcmp(prev, p0) != 0)
1704 continue; /* find next identical */
1705 p = cur->after_colon;
1707 fprintf(stderr, "checkPerm: '%s' ? '%s'\n", p0, request);
1710 if (strncmp(p0, path, l) == 0
1711 && (l == 1 || path[l] == '/' || path[l] == '\0')
1714 /* path match found. Check request */
1715 /* for check next /path:user:password */
1717 u = strchr(request, ':');
1719 /* bad request, ':' required */
1723 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5) {
1727 if (strncmp(p, request, u - request) != 0) {
1728 /* user doesn't match */
1731 pp = strchr(p, ':');
1732 if (pp && pp[1] == '$' && pp[2] == '1'
1733 && pp[3] == '$' && pp[4]
1736 cipher = pw_encrypt(u+1, pp);
1737 if (strcmp(cipher, pp) == 0)
1738 goto set_remoteuser_var; /* Ok */
1744 if (strcmp(p, request) == 0) {
1746 remoteuser = xstrndup(request, u - request);
1753 return prev == NULL;
1755 #endif /* FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH */
1757 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
1758 static Htaccess_Proxy *find_proxy_entry(const char *url)
1761 for (p = proxy; p; p = p->next) {
1762 if (strncmp(url, p->url_from, strlen(p->url_from)) == 0)
1772 static void exit_on_signal(int sig) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
1773 static void exit_on_signal(int sig ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
1775 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT);
1779 * Handle an incoming http request and exit.
1781 static void handle_incoming_and_exit(const len_and_sockaddr *fromAddr) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
1782 static void handle_incoming_and_exit(const len_and_sockaddr *fromAddr)
1784 static const char request_GET[] ALIGN1 = "GET";
1790 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
1791 static const char request_HEAD[] ALIGN1 = "HEAD";
1792 const char *prequest;
1793 char *cookie = NULL;
1794 char *content_type = NULL;
1795 unsigned long length = 0;
1796 #elif ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
1797 #define prequest request_GET
1798 unsigned long length = 0;
1800 char http_major_version;
1801 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
1802 char http_minor_version;
1803 char *header_buf = header_buf; /* for gcc */
1804 char *header_ptr = header_ptr;
1805 Htaccess_Proxy *proxy_entry;
1807 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
1808 int credentials = -1; /* if not required this is Ok */
1811 /* Allocation of iobuf is postponed until now
1812 * (IOW, server process doesn't need to waste 8k) */
1813 iobuf = xmalloc(IOBUF_SIZE);
1816 if (fromAddr->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET) {
1817 rmt_ip = ntohl(fromAddr->u.sin.sin_addr.s_addr);
1819 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
1820 if (fromAddr->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6
1821 && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[0] == 0
1822 && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[1] == 0
1823 && ntohl(fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[2]) == 0xffff)
1824 rmt_ip = ntohl(fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3]);
1826 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI || DEBUG || verbose) {
1827 /* NB: can be NULL (user runs httpd -i by hand?) */
1828 rmt_ip_str = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted(&fromAddr->u.sa);
1831 /* this trick makes -v logging much simpler */
1833 applet_name = rmt_ip_str;
1835 bb_error_msg("connected");
1838 /* Install timeout handler */
1839 signal_no_SA_RESTART_empty_mask(SIGALRM, exit_on_signal);
1840 alarm(HEADER_READ_TIMEOUT);
1842 if (!get_line()) /* EOF or error or empty line */
1843 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
1845 /* Determine type of request (GET/POST) */
1846 urlp = strpbrk(iobuf, " \t");
1848 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
1850 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
1851 prequest = request_GET;
1852 if (strcasecmp(iobuf, prequest) != 0) {
1853 prequest = request_HEAD;
1854 if (strcasecmp(iobuf, prequest) != 0) {
1856 if (strcasecmp(iobuf, prequest) != 0)
1857 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
1861 if (strcasecmp(iobuf, request_GET) != 0)
1862 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
1864 urlp = skip_whitespace(urlp);
1866 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
1868 /* Find end of URL and parse HTTP version, if any */
1869 http_major_version = '0';
1870 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY(http_minor_version = '0';)
1871 tptr = strchrnul(urlp, ' ');
1872 /* Is it " HTTP/"? */
1873 if (tptr[0] && strncmp(tptr + 1, HTTP_200, 5) == 0) {
1874 http_major_version = tptr[6];
1875 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY(http_minor_version = tptr[8];)
1879 /* Copy URL from after "GET "/"POST " to stack-allocated char[] */
1880 urlcopy = alloca((tptr - urlp) + 2 + strlen(index_page));
1881 /*if (urlcopy == NULL)
1882 * send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);*/
1883 strcpy(urlcopy, urlp);
1884 /* NB: urlcopy ptr is never changed after this */
1886 /* Extract url args if present */
1888 tptr = strchr(urlcopy, '?');
1894 /* Decode URL escape sequences */
1895 tptr = decodeString(urlcopy, 0);
1897 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
1898 if (tptr == urlcopy + 1) {
1899 /* '/' or NUL is encoded */
1900 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_NOT_FOUND);
1903 /* Canonicalize path */
1904 /* Algorithm stolen from libbb bb_simplify_path(),
1905 * but don't strdup, retain trailing slash, protect root */
1906 urlp = tptr = urlcopy;
1909 /* skip duplicate (or initial) slash */
1914 /* skip extra "/./" */
1915 if (tptr[1] == '/' || !tptr[1]) {
1918 /* "..": be careful */
1919 if (tptr[1] == '.' && (tptr[2] == '/' || !tptr[2])) {
1921 if (urlp == urlcopy) /* protect root */
1922 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
1923 while (*--urlp != '/') /* omit previous dir */;
1930 *++urlp = '\0'; /* terminate after last character */
1932 /* If URL is a directory, add '/' */
1933 if (urlp[-1] != '/') {
1934 if (is_directory(urlcopy + 1, 1, &sb)) {
1935 found_moved_temporarily = urlcopy;
1941 bb_error_msg("url:%s", urlcopy);
1944 ip_allowed = checkPermIP();
1945 while (ip_allowed && (tptr = strchr(tptr + 1, '/')) != NULL) {
1946 /* have path1/path2 */
1948 if (is_directory(urlcopy + 1, 1, &sb)) {
1949 /* may be having subdir config */
1950 parse_conf(urlcopy + 1, SUBDIR_PARSE);
1951 ip_allowed = checkPermIP();
1956 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
1957 proxy_entry = find_proxy_entry(urlcopy);
1959 header_buf = header_ptr = xmalloc(IOBUF_SIZE);
1962 if (http_major_version >= '0') {
1963 /* Request was with "... HTTP/nXXX", and n >= 0 */
1965 /* Read until blank line for HTTP version specified, else parse immediate */
1967 alarm(HEADER_READ_TIMEOUT);
1969 break; /* EOF or error or empty line */
1971 bb_error_msg("header: '%s'", iobuf);
1973 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
1974 /* We need 2 more bytes for yet another "\r\n" -
1975 * see near fdprintf(proxy_fd...) further below */
1976 if (proxy_entry && (header_ptr - header_buf) < IOBUF_SIZE - 2) {
1977 int len = strlen(iobuf);
1978 if (len > IOBUF_SIZE - (header_ptr - header_buf) - 4)
1979 len = IOBUF_SIZE - (header_ptr - header_buf) - 4;
1980 memcpy(header_ptr, iobuf, len);
1982 header_ptr[0] = '\r';
1983 header_ptr[1] = '\n';
1988 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI || ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
1989 /* Try and do our best to parse more lines */
1990 if ((STRNCASECMP(iobuf, "Content-length:") == 0)) {
1991 /* extra read only for POST */
1992 if (prequest != request_GET
1993 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
1994 && prequest != request_HEAD
1997 tptr = skip_whitespace(iobuf + sizeof("Content-length:") - 1);
1999 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
2000 /* not using strtoul: it ignores leading minus! */
2001 length = bb_strtou(tptr, NULL, 10);
2002 /* length is "ulong", but we need to pass it to int later */
2003 if (errno || length > INT_MAX)
2004 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
2008 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
2009 else if (STRNCASECMP(iobuf, "Cookie:") == 0) {
2010 cookie = xstrdup(skip_whitespace(iobuf + sizeof("Cookie:")-1));
2011 } else if (STRNCASECMP(iobuf, "Content-Type:") == 0) {
2012 content_type = xstrdup(skip_whitespace(iobuf + sizeof("Content-Type:")-1));
2013 } else if (STRNCASECMP(iobuf, "Referer:") == 0) {
2014 referer = xstrdup(skip_whitespace(iobuf + sizeof("Referer:")-1));
2015 } else if (STRNCASECMP(iobuf, "User-Agent:") == 0) {
2016 user_agent = xstrdup(skip_whitespace(iobuf + sizeof("User-Agent:")-1));
2019 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
2020 if (STRNCASECMP(iobuf, "Authorization:") == 0) {
2021 /* We only allow Basic credentials.
2022 * It shows up as "Authorization: Basic <userid:password>" where
2023 * the userid:password is base64 encoded.
2025 tptr = skip_whitespace(iobuf + sizeof("Authorization:")-1);
2026 if (STRNCASECMP(tptr, "Basic") != 0)
2028 tptr += sizeof("Basic")-1;
2029 /* decodeBase64() skips whitespace itself */
2031 credentials = checkPerm(urlcopy, tptr);
2033 #endif /* FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH */
2034 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES
2035 if (STRNCASECMP(iobuf, "Range:") == 0) {
2036 /* We know only bytes=NNN-[MMM] */
2037 char *s = skip_whitespace(iobuf + sizeof("Range:")-1);
2038 if (strncmp(s, "bytes=", 6) == 0) {
2039 s += sizeof("bytes=")-1;
2040 range_start = BB_STRTOOFF(s, &s, 10);
2041 if (s[0] != '-' || range_start < 0) {
2044 range_end = BB_STRTOOFF(s+1, NULL, 10);
2045 if (errno || range_end < range_start)
2051 } /* while extra header reading */
2054 /* We are done reading headers, disable peer timeout */
2057 if (strcmp(bb_basename(urlcopy), httpd_conf) == 0 || ip_allowed == 0) {
2058 /* protect listing [/path]/httpd_conf or IP deny */
2059 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
2062 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH
2063 if (credentials <= 0 && checkPerm(urlcopy, ":") == 0) {
2064 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);
2068 if (found_moved_temporarily) {
2069 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY);
2072 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY
2073 if (proxy_entry != NULL) {
2075 len_and_sockaddr *lsa;
2077 proxy_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
2079 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
2080 lsa = host2sockaddr(proxy_entry->host_port, 80);
2082 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
2083 if (connect(proxy_fd, &lsa->u.sa, lsa->len) < 0)
2084 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
2085 fdprintf(proxy_fd, "%s %s%s%s%s HTTP/%c.%c\r\n",
2086 prequest, /* GET or POST */
2087 proxy_entry->url_to, /* url part 1 */
2088 urlcopy + strlen(proxy_entry->url_from), /* url part 2 */
2089 (g_query ? "?" : ""), /* "?" (maybe) */
2090 (g_query ? g_query : ""), /* query string (maybe) */
2091 http_major_version, http_minor_version);
2092 header_ptr[0] = '\r';
2093 header_ptr[1] = '\n';
2095 write(proxy_fd, header_buf, header_ptr - header_buf);
2096 free(header_buf); /* on the order of 8k, free it */
2097 /* cgi_io_loop_and_exit needs to have two disctinct fds */
2098 cgi_io_loop_and_exit(proxy_fd, dup(proxy_fd), length);
2102 tptr = urlcopy + 1; /* skip first '/' */
2104 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
2105 if (strncmp(tptr, "cgi-bin/", 8) == 0) {
2106 if (tptr[8] == '\0') {
2107 /* protect listing "cgi-bin/" */
2108 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
2110 send_cgi_and_exit(urlcopy, prequest, length, cookie, content_type);
2112 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR
2114 char *suffix = strrchr(tptr, '.');
2117 for (cur = script_i; cur; cur = cur->next) {
2118 if (strcmp(cur->before_colon + 1, suffix) == 0) {
2119 send_cgi_and_exit(urlcopy, prequest, length, cookie, content_type);
2125 if (prequest != request_GET && prequest != request_HEAD) {
2126 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
2128 #endif /* FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI */
2130 if (urlp[-1] == '/')
2131 strcpy(urlp, index_page);
2132 if (stat(tptr, &sb) == 0) {
2133 file_size = sb.st_size;
2134 last_mod = sb.st_mtime;
2136 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
2137 else if (urlp[-1] == '/') {
2138 /* It's a dir URL and there is no index.html
2139 * Try cgi-bin/index.cgi */
2140 if (access("/cgi-bin/index.cgi"+1, X_OK) == 0) {
2143 send_cgi_and_exit("/cgi-bin/index.cgi", prequest, length, cookie, content_type);
2148 * fall through to send_file, it errors out if open fails
2152 send_file_and_exit(tptr,
2153 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI
2154 (prequest != request_HEAD ? SEND_HEADERS_AND_BODY : SEND_HEADERS)
2156 SEND_HEADERS_AND_BODY
2162 * The main http server function.
2163 * Given a socket, listen for new connections and farm out
2164 * the processing as a [v]forked process.
2168 static void mini_httpd(int server_socket) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
2169 static void mini_httpd(int server_socket)
2171 /* NB: it's best to not use xfuncs in this loop before fork().
2172 * Otherwise server may die on transient errors (temporary
2173 * out-of-memory condition, etc), which is Bad(tm).
2174 * Try to do any dangerous calls after fork.
2178 len_and_sockaddr fromAddr;
2180 /* Wait for connections... */
2181 fromAddr.len = LSA_SIZEOF_SA;
2182 n = accept(server_socket, &fromAddr.u.sa, &fromAddr.len);
2186 /* set the KEEPALIVE option to cull dead connections */
2187 setsockopt(n, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
2191 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RELOAD_CONFIG_SIGHUP
2192 /* Do not reload config on HUP */
2193 signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
2195 close(server_socket);
2199 handle_incoming_and_exit(&fromAddr);
2201 /* parent, or fork failed */
2207 static void mini_httpd_nommu(int server_socket, int argc, char **argv) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
2208 static void mini_httpd_nommu(int server_socket, int argc, char **argv)
2210 char *argv_copy[argc + 2];
2212 argv_copy[0] = argv[0];
2213 argv_copy[1] = (char*)"-i";
2214 memcpy(&argv_copy[2], &argv[1], argc * sizeof(argv[0]));
2216 /* NB: it's best to not use xfuncs in this loop before vfork().
2217 * Otherwise server may die on transient errors (temporary
2218 * out-of-memory condition, etc), which is Bad(tm).
2219 * Try to do any dangerous calls after fork.
2223 len_and_sockaddr fromAddr;
2225 /* Wait for connections... */
2226 fromAddr.len = LSA_SIZEOF_SA;
2227 n = accept(server_socket, &fromAddr.u.sa, &fromAddr.len);
2231 /* set the KEEPALIVE option to cull dead connections */
2232 setsockopt(n, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &const_int_1, sizeof(const_int_1));
2236 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RELOAD_CONFIG_SIGHUP
2237 /* Do not reload config on HUP */
2238 signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
2240 close(server_socket);
2244 /* Run a copy of ourself in inetd mode */
2247 /* parent, or vfork failed */
2255 * Process a HTTP connection on stdin/out.
2258 static void mini_httpd_inetd(void) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
2259 static void mini_httpd_inetd(void)
2261 len_and_sockaddr fromAddr;
2263 memset(&fromAddr, 0, sizeof(fromAddr));
2264 fromAddr.len = LSA_SIZEOF_SA;
2265 /* NB: can fail if user runs it by hand and types in http cmds */
2266 getpeername(0, &fromAddr.u.sa, &fromAddr.len);
2267 handle_incoming_and_exit(&fromAddr);
2270 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RELOAD_CONFIG_SIGHUP
2271 static void sighup_handler(int sig)
2273 parse_conf(default_path_httpd_conf, sig == SIGHUP ? SIGNALED_PARSE : FIRST_PARSE);
2275 signal_SA_RESTART_empty_mask(SIGHUP, sighup_handler);
2280 c_opt_config_file = 0,
2283 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR(e_opt_encode_url,)
2284 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH( r_opt_realm ,)
2285 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5( m_opt_md5 ,)
2286 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID( u_opt_setuid ,)
2291 OPT_CONFIG_FILE = 1 << c_opt_config_file,
2292 OPT_DECODE_URL = 1 << d_opt_decode_url,
2293 OPT_HOME_HTTPD = 1 << h_opt_home_httpd,
2294 OPT_ENCODE_URL = USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR((1 << e_opt_encode_url)) + 0,
2295 OPT_REALM = USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH( (1 << r_opt_realm )) + 0,
2296 OPT_MD5 = USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5( (1 << m_opt_md5 )) + 0,
2297 OPT_SETUID = USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID( (1 << u_opt_setuid )) + 0,
2298 OPT_PORT = 1 << p_opt_port,
2299 OPT_INETD = 1 << p_opt_inetd,
2300 OPT_FOREGROUND = 1 << p_opt_foreground,
2301 OPT_VERBOSE = 1 << p_opt_verbose,
2305 int httpd_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
2306 int httpd_main(int argc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, char **argv)
2308 int server_socket = server_socket; /* for gcc */
2310 char *url_for_decode;
2311 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR(const char *url_for_encode;)
2312 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID(const char *s_ugid = NULL;)
2313 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID(struct bb_uidgid_t ugid;)
2314 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5(const char *pass;)
2318 #if ENABLE_LOCALE_SUPPORT
2319 /* Undo busybox.c: we want to speak English in http (dates etc) */
2320 setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
2323 home_httpd = xrealloc_getcwd_or_warn(NULL);
2324 /* -v counts, -i implies -f */
2325 opt_complementary = "vv:if";
2326 /* We do not "absolutize" path given by -h (home) opt.
2327 * If user gives relative path in -h,
2328 * $SCRIPT_FILENAME will not be set. */
2329 opt = getopt32(argv, "c:d:h:"
2330 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR("e:")
2331 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH("r:")
2332 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5("m:")
2333 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID("u:")
2335 &configFile, &url_for_decode, &home_httpd
2336 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR(, &url_for_encode)
2337 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH(, &g_realm)
2338 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5(, &pass)
2339 USE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID(, &s_ugid)
2340 , &bind_addr_or_port
2343 if (opt & OPT_DECODE_URL) {
2344 fputs(decodeString(url_for_decode, 1), stdout);
2347 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR
2348 if (opt & OPT_ENCODE_URL) {
2349 fputs(encodeString(url_for_encode), stdout);
2353 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5
2354 if (opt & OPT_MD5) {
2355 puts(pw_encrypt(pass, "$1$"));
2359 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID
2360 if (opt & OPT_SETUID) {
2361 if (!get_uidgid(&ugid, s_ugid, 1))
2362 bb_error_msg_and_die("unknown user[:group] "
2363 "name '%s'", s_ugid);
2368 if (!(opt & OPT_FOREGROUND)) {
2369 bb_daemonize_or_rexec(0, argv); /* don't change current directory */
2374 if (!(opt & OPT_INETD)) {
2375 signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
2376 server_socket = openServer();
2377 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID
2378 /* drop privileges */
2379 if (opt & OPT_SETUID) {
2380 if (ugid.gid != (gid_t)-1) {
2381 if (setgroups(1, &ugid.gid) == -1)
2382 bb_perror_msg_and_die("setgroups");
2390 #if 0 /*was #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI*/
2391 /* User can do it himself: 'env - PATH="$PATH" httpd'
2392 * We don't do it because we don't want to screw users
2394 * 'env - VAR1=val1 VAR2=val2 httpd'
2395 * and have VAR1 and VAR2 values visible in their CGIs.
2396 * Besides, it is also smaller. */
2398 char *p = getenv("PATH");
2399 /* env strings themself are not freed, no need to xstrdup(p): */
2403 // if (!(opt & OPT_INETD))
2404 // setenv_long("SERVER_PORT", ???);
2408 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_RELOAD_CONFIG_SIGHUP
2409 if (!(opt & OPT_INETD))
2412 parse_conf(default_path_httpd_conf, FIRST_PARSE);
2414 xfunc_error_retval = 0;
2415 if (opt & OPT_INETD)
2418 if (!(opt & OPT_FOREGROUND))
2419 bb_daemonize(0); /* don't change current directory */
2420 mini_httpd(server_socket); /* never returns */
2422 mini_httpd_nommu(server_socket, argc, argv); /* never returns */