1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * universal getopt_ulflags implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
7 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
16 bb_getopt_ulflags(int argc, char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
18 The command line options must be declared in const char
19 *applet_opts as a string of chars, for example:
21 flags = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "rnug");
23 If one of the given options is found, a flag value is added to
24 the return value (an unsigned long).
26 The flag value is determined by the position of the char in
27 applet_opts string. For example, in the above case:
29 flags = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "rnug");
31 "r" will add 1 (bit 0)
32 "n" will add 2 (bit 1)
34 "g" will add 8 (bit 3)
36 and so on. You can also look at the return value as a bit
37 field and each option sets one bit.
39 On exit, global variable optind is set so that if you
40 will do argc -= optind; argv += optind; then
41 argc will be equal to number of remaining non-option
42 arguments, first one would be in argv[0], next in argv[1] and so on
43 (options and their parameters will be moved into argv[]
44 positions prior to argv[optind]).
46 ":" If one of the options requires an argument, then add a ":"
47 after the char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
48 the argument. For example:
50 char *pointer_to_arg_for_a;
51 char *pointer_to_arg_for_b;
52 char *pointer_to_arg_for_c;
53 char *pointer_to_arg_for_d;
55 flags = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "a:b:c:d:",
56 &pointer_to_arg_for_a, &pointer_to_arg_for_b,
57 &pointer_to_arg_for_c, &pointer_to_arg_for_d);
59 The type of the pointer (char* or llist_t*) may be controlled
60 by the "::" special separator that is set in the external string
61 bb_opt_complementally (see below for more info).
63 "::" If option can have an *optional* argument, then add a "::"
64 after its char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
65 the argument. Note that optional arguments _must_
66 immediately follow the option: -oparam, not -o param.
68 "+" If the first character in the applet_opts string is a plus,
69 then option processing will stop as soon as a non-option is
70 encountered in the argv array. Useful for applets like env
71 which should not process arguments to subprograms:
73 Here we want env to process just the '-i', not the '-d'.
75 const struct option *bb_applet_long_options
77 This struct allows you to define long options. The syntax for
78 declaring the array is just like that of getopt's longopts.
81 static const struct option applet_long_options[] = {
82 //name,has_arg,flag,val
83 { "verbose", 0, 0, 'v' },
86 bb_applet_long_options = applet_long_options;
88 The last member of struct option (val) typically is set to
89 matching short option from applet_opts. If there is no matching
90 char in applet_opts, then:
91 - return bit have next position after short options
92 - if has_arg is not "no_argument", use ptr for arg also
93 - bb_opt_complementally affects it too
95 Note: a good applet will make long options configurable via the
96 config process and not a required feature. The current standard
97 is to name the config option CONFIG_FEATURE_<applet>_LONG_OPTIONS.
99 const char *bb_opt_complementally
101 this should be bb_opt_complementary, but we'll just keep it as
102 bb_opt_complementally due to the Russian origins
104 ":" The colon (":") is used to separate groups of two or more chars
105 and/or groups of chars and special characters (stating some
106 conditions to be checked).
108 "abc" If groups of two or more chars are specified, the first char
109 is the main option and the other chars are secondary options.
110 Their flags will be turned on if the main option is found even
111 if they are not specifed on the command line. For example:
113 bb_opt_complementally = "abc";
114 flags = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "abcd")
116 If getopt() finds "-a" on the command line, then
117 bb_getopt_ulflags's return value will be as if "-a -b -c" were
120 "ww" Adjacent double options have a counter associated which indicates
121 the number of occurences of the option.
122 For example the ps applet needs:
123 if w is given once, GNU ps sets the width to 132,
124 if w is given more than once, it is "unlimited"
127 bb_opt_complementally = "ww";
128 bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "w", &w_counter);
130 width = (w_counter == 1) ? 132 : INT_MAX;
132 get_terminal_width(...&width...);
134 w_counter is a pointer to an integer. It has to be passed to
135 bb_getopt_ulflags() after all other option argument sinks.
137 For example: accept multiple -v to indicate the level of verbosity
138 and for each -b optarg, add optarg to my_b. Finally, if b is given,
139 turn off c and vice versa:
141 llist_t *my_b = NULL;
142 int verbose_level = 0;
143 bb_opt_complementally = "vv:b::b-c:c-b";
144 f = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "vb:c", &my_b, &verbose_level);
145 if (f & 2) // -c after -b unsets -b flag
146 while (my_b) { dosomething_with(my_b->data); my_b = my_b->link; }
147 if (my_b) // but llist is stored if -b is specified
149 if (verbose_level) bb_printf("verbose level is %d\n", verbose_level);
153 "-" A dash between two options causes the second of the two
154 to be unset (and ignored) if it is given on the command line.
156 [FIXME: what if they are the same? like "x-x"? Is it ever useful?]
159 The du applet has the options "-s" and "-d depth". If
160 bb_getopt_ulflags finds -s, then -d is unset or if it finds -d
161 then -s is unset. (Note: busybox implements the GNU
162 "--max-depth" option as "-d".) To obtain this behavior, you
163 set bb_opt_complementally = "s-d:d-s". Only one flag value is
164 added to bb_getopt_ulflags's return value depending on the
165 position of the options on the command line. If one of the
166 two options requires an argument pointer (":" in applet_opts
167 as in "d:") optarg is set accordingly.
169 char *smax_print_depth;
171 bb_opt_complementally = "s-d:d-s:x-x";
172 opt = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "sd:x", &smax_print_depth);
175 max_print_depth = atoi(smax_print_depth);
177 printf("Detected odd -x usage\n");
179 "-" A dash as the first char in a bb_opt_complementally group forces
180 all arguments to be treated as options, even if they have
181 no leading dashes. Next char in this case can't be a digit (0-9),
182 use ':' or end of line. For example:
184 bb_opt_complementally = "-:w-x:x-w";
185 bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "wx");
187 Allows any arguments to be given without a dash (./program w x)
188 as well as with a dash (./program -x).
190 "-N" A dash as the first char in a bb_opt_complementally group followed
191 by a single digit (0-9) means that at least N non-option
192 arguments must be present on the command line
194 "V-" An option with dash before colon or end-of-line results in
195 bb_show_usage being called if this option is encountered.
196 This is typically used to implement "print verbose usage message
199 "--" A double dash between two options, or between an option and a group
200 of options, means that they are mutually exclusive. Unlike
201 the "-" case above, an error will be forced if the options
205 The cut applet must have only one type of list specified, so
206 -b, -c and -f are mutally exclusive and should raise an error
207 if specified together. In this case you must set
208 bb_opt_complementally = "b--cf:c--bf:f--bc". If two of the
209 mutually exclusive options are found, bb_getopt_ulflags's
210 return value will have the error flag set (BB_GETOPT_ERROR) so
211 that we can check for it:
213 if (flags & BB_GETOPT_ERROR)
216 "x--x" Variation of the above, it means that -x option should occur
219 "?" A "?" as the first char in a bb_opt_complementally group means:
220 if BB_GETOPT_ERROR is detected, don't return, call bb_show_usage
221 and exit instead. Next char after '?' can't be a digit.
223 "?N" A "?" as the first char in a bb_opt_complementally group followed
224 by a single digit (0-9) means that at most N arguments must be present
227 "::" A double colon after a char in bb_opt_complementally means that the
228 option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence will be saved as
229 a llist_t element instead of char*.
232 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
233 In this case you should use bb_getopt_ulflags() as follows:
235 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
237 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
238 as required by *llist_add_to(llist_t *old_head, char *new_item).)
240 bb_opt_complementally = "e::";
242 bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "e:", &patterns);
243 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
244 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
245 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
247 "--" A double dash at the beginning of bb_opt_complementally means the
248 argv[1] string should always be treated as options, even if it isn't
249 prefixed with a "-". This is useful for special syntax in applets
250 such as "ar" and "tar":
253 "?" An "?" between an option and a group of options means that
254 at least one of them is required to occur if the first option
255 occurs in preceding command line arguments.
257 For example from "id" applet:
259 // Don't allow -n -r -rn -ug -rug -nug -rnug
260 bb_opt_complementally = "r?ug:n?ug:?u--g:g--u";
261 flags = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "rnug");
263 This example allowed only:
264 $ id; id -u; id -g; id -ru; id -nu; id -rg; id -ng; id -rnu; id -rng
266 "X" A bb_opt_complementally group with just a single letter means
267 that this option is required. If more than one such group exists,
268 at least one option is required to occur (not all of them).
269 For example from "start-stop-daemon" applet:
271 // Don't allow -KS -SK, but -S or -K is required
272 bb_opt_complementally = "K:S:?K--S:S--K";
273 flags = bb_getopt_ulflags(argc, argv, "KS...);
276 Don't forget to use ':'. For example, "?322-22-23X-x-a"
277 is interpreted as "?3:22:-2:2-2:2-3Xa:2--x" -
278 max 3 args; count uses of '-2'; min 2 args; if there is
279 a '-2' option then unset '-3', '-X' and '-a'; if there is
280 a '-2' and after it a '-x' then error out.
283 /* this should be bb_opt_complementary, but we'll just keep it as
284 bb_opt_complementally due to the Russian origins */
285 const char *bb_opt_complementally;
290 unsigned long switch_on;
291 unsigned long switch_off;
292 unsigned long incongruously;
293 unsigned long requires;
294 void **optarg; /* char **optarg or llist_t **optarg */
298 /* You can set bb_applet_long_options for parse called long options */
299 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
300 static const struct option bb_default_long_options[] = {
301 /* { "help", 0, NULL, '?' }, */
305 const struct option *bb_applet_long_options = bb_default_long_options;
309 bb_getopt_ulflags(int argc, char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
311 unsigned long flags = 0;
312 unsigned long requires = 0;
313 t_complementally complementally[sizeof(flags) * 8 + 1];
315 const unsigned char *s;
316 t_complementally *on_off;
318 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
319 const struct option *l_o;
321 unsigned long trigger;
326 #define SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR 1
327 #define ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS 2
328 #define FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 4
329 #define FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 8
332 va_start(p, applet_opts);
335 on_off = complementally;
336 memset(on_off, 0, sizeof(complementally));
338 /* skip GNU extension */
339 s = (const unsigned char *)applet_opts;
340 if (*s == '+' || *s == '-')
343 if (c >= (int)(sizeof(flags)*8))
346 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
348 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
357 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
358 for (l_o = bb_applet_long_options; l_o->name; l_o++) {
361 for (on_off = complementally; on_off->opt != 0; on_off++)
362 if (on_off->opt == l_o->val)
364 if (on_off->opt == 0) {
365 if (c >= (int)(sizeof(flags)*8))
367 on_off->opt = l_o->val;
368 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
369 if (l_o->has_arg != no_argument)
370 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
374 #endif /* ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG */
375 for (s = (const unsigned char *)bb_opt_complementally; s && *s; s++) {
376 t_complementally *pair;
377 unsigned long *pair_switch;
383 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
384 spec_flgs |= SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR;
392 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
394 spec_flgs |= FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
397 spec_flgs |= ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS;
404 for (on_off = complementally; on_off->opt; on_off++)
405 if (on_off->opt == *s)
407 if (c == ':' && s[2] == ':') {
411 if (c == ':' || c == '\0') {
412 requires |= on_off->switch_on;
415 if (c == '-' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
416 flags |= on_off->switch_on;
417 on_off->incongruously |= on_off->switch_on;
422 on_off->counter = va_arg(p, int *);
426 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_on);
427 for (s++; *s && *s != ':'; s++) {
429 pair_switch = &(pair->requires);
430 } else if (*s == '-') {
431 if (pair_switch == &(pair->switch_off))
432 pair_switch = &(pair->incongruously);
434 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_off);
436 for (on_off = complementally; on_off->opt; on_off++)
437 if (on_off->opt == *s) {
438 *pair_switch |= on_off->switch_on;
447 #if ENABLE_AR || ENABLE_TAR
448 if (spec_flgs & FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT) {
449 if (argv[1] && argv[1][0] != '-' && argv[1][0] != '\0') {
450 argv[1] = xasprintf("-%s", argv[1]);
451 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP)
452 spec_flgs |= FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
456 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
457 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, applet_opts,
458 bb_applet_long_options, NULL)) >= 0) {
460 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, applet_opts)) >= 0) {
461 #endif /* ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG */
463 for (on_off = complementally; on_off->opt != c; on_off++) {
464 /* c==0 if long opt have non NULL flag */
465 if (on_off->opt == 0 && c != 0)
468 if (flags & on_off->incongruously) {
469 if ((spec_flgs & SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR))
471 flags |= BB_GETOPT_ERROR;
473 trigger = on_off->switch_on & on_off->switch_off;
474 flags &= ~(on_off->switch_off ^ trigger);
475 flags |= on_off->switch_on ^ trigger;
478 (*(on_off->counter))++;
479 if (on_off->list_flg) {
480 llist_add_to((llist_t **)(on_off->optarg), optarg);
481 } else if (on_off->optarg) {
482 *(char **)(on_off->optarg) = optarg;
488 if (spec_flgs & ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS) {
489 /* process argv is option, for example "ps" applet */
491 pargv = argv + optind;
498 goto loop_arg_is_opt;
503 #if (ENABLE_AR || ENABLE_TAR) && ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP
504 if (spec_flgs & FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT)
507 /* check depending requires for given options */
508 for (on_off = complementally; on_off->opt; on_off++) {
509 if (on_off->requires && (flags & on_off->switch_on) &&
510 (flags & on_off->requires) == 0)
513 if (requires && (flags & requires) == 0)
516 if (argc < min_arg || (max_arg >= 0 && argc > max_arg))