1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * universal getopt32 implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
7 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
9 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
14 //kbuild:lib-y += getopt32.o
19 getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
21 The command line options are passed as the applet_opts string.
23 If one of the given options is found, a flag value is added to
26 The flag value is determined by the position of the char in
27 applet_opts string. For example:
29 flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug");
31 "r" will set 1 (bit 0)
32 "n" will set 2 (bit 1)
33 "u" will set 4 (bit 2)
34 "g" will set 8 (bit 3)
36 and so on. You can also look at the return value as a bit
37 field and each option sets one bit.
39 On exit, global variable optind is set so that if you
40 will do argc -= optind; argv += optind; then
41 argc will be equal to number of remaining non-option
42 arguments, first one would be in argv[0], next in argv[1] and so on
43 (options and their parameters will be moved into argv[]
44 positions prior to argv[optind]).
46 "o:" If one of the options requires an argument, then add a ":"
47 after the char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
48 the argument. For example:
50 char *pointer_to_arg_for_a;
51 char *pointer_to_arg_for_b;
52 char *pointer_to_arg_for_c;
53 char *pointer_to_arg_for_d;
55 flags = getopt32(argv, "a:b:c:d:",
56 &pointer_to_arg_for_a, &pointer_to_arg_for_b,
57 &pointer_to_arg_for_c, &pointer_to_arg_for_d);
59 The type of the pointer may be controlled by "o::" or "o+" in
60 the external string opt_complementary (see below for more info).
62 "o::" If option can have an *optional* argument, then add a "::"
63 after its char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
64 the argument. Note that optional arguments _must_
65 immediately follow the option: -oparam, not -o param.
67 "o:+" This means that the parameter for this option is a nonnegative integer.
68 It will be processed with xatoi_positive() - allowed range
71 int param; // "unsigned param;" will also work
72 getopt32(argv, "p:+", ¶m);
74 "o:*" This means that the option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence
75 will be saved as a llist_t element instead of char*.
78 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
79 In this case you should use getopt32() as follows:
81 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
83 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
84 as required by llist_add_to_end(llist_t **old_head, char *new_item).)
86 getopt32(argv, "e:*", &patterns);
88 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
89 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
90 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
92 "+" If the first character in the applet_opts string is a plus,
93 then option processing will stop as soon as a non-option is
94 encountered in the argv array. Useful for applets like env
95 which should not process arguments to subprograms:
97 Here we want env to process just the '-i', not the '-d'.
99 "!" Report bad option, missing required options,
100 inconsistent options with all-ones return value (instead of abort).
102 const char *applet_long_options
104 This struct allows you to define long options:
106 static const char applet_longopts[] ALIGN1 =
107 //"name\0" has_arg val
108 "verbose\0" No_argument "v"
110 applet_long_options = applet_longopts;
112 The last member of struct option (val) typically is set to
113 matching short option from applet_opts. If there is no matching
114 char in applet_opts, then:
115 - return bit has next position after short options
116 - if has_arg is not "No_argument", use ptr for arg also
117 - opt_complementary affects it too
119 Note: a good applet will make long options configurable via the
120 config process and not a required feature. The current standard
121 is to name the config option CONFIG_FEATURE_<applet>_LONG_OPTIONS.
123 const char *opt_complementary
125 ":" The colon (":") is used to separate groups of two or more chars
126 and/or groups of chars and special characters (stating some
127 conditions to be checked).
129 "abc" If groups of two or more chars are specified, the first char
130 is the main option and the other chars are secondary options.
131 Their flags will be turned on if the main option is found even
132 if they are not specified on the command line. For example:
134 opt_complementary = "abc";
135 flags = getopt32(argv, "abcd")
137 If getopt() finds "-a" on the command line, then
138 getopt32's return value will be as if "-a -b -c" were
141 "ww" Adjacent double options have a counter associated which indicates
142 the number of occurrences of the option.
143 For example the ps applet needs:
144 if w is given once, GNU ps sets the width to 132,
145 if w is given more than once, it is "unlimited"
147 int w_counter = 0; // must be initialized!
148 opt_complementary = "ww";
149 getopt32(argv, "w", &w_counter);
151 width = (w_counter == 1) ? 132 : INT_MAX;
153 get_terminal_width(...&width...);
155 w_counter is a pointer to an integer. It has to be passed to
156 getopt32() after all other option argument sinks.
158 For example: accept multiple -v to indicate the level of verbosity
159 and for each -b optarg, add optarg to my_b. Finally, if b is given,
160 turn off c and vice versa:
162 llist_t *my_b = NULL;
163 int verbose_level = 0;
164 opt_complementary = "vv:b-c:c-b";
165 f = getopt32(argv, "vb:*c", &my_b, &verbose_level);
166 if (f & 2) // -c after -b unsets -b flag
167 while (my_b) dosomething_with(llist_pop(&my_b));
168 if (my_b) // but llist is stored if -b is specified
170 if (verbose_level) printf("verbose level is %d\n", verbose_level);
174 "-N" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
175 by a single digit (0-9) means that at least N non-option
176 arguments must be present on the command line
178 "=N" An equal sign as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
179 by a single digit (0-9) means that exactly N non-option
180 arguments must be present on the command line
182 "?N" A "?" as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
183 by a single digit (0-9) means that at most N arguments must be present
186 "V-" An option with dash before colon or end-of-line results in
187 bb_show_usage() being called if this option is encountered.
188 This is typically used to implement "print verbose usage message
191 "a-b" A dash between two options causes the second of the two
192 to be unset (and ignored) if it is given on the command line.
194 [FIXME: what if they are the same? like "x-x"? Is it ever useful?]
197 The du applet has the options "-s" and "-d depth". If
198 getopt32 finds -s, then -d is unset or if it finds -d
199 then -s is unset. (Note: busybox implements the GNU
200 "--max-depth" option as "-d".) To obtain this behavior, you
201 set opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s". Only one flag value is
202 added to getopt32's return value depending on the
203 position of the options on the command line. If one of the
204 two options requires an argument pointer (":" in applet_opts
205 as in "d:") optarg is set accordingly.
207 char *smax_print_depth;
209 opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s:x-x";
210 opt = getopt32(argv, "sd:x", &smax_print_depth);
213 max_print_depth = atoi(smax_print_depth);
215 printf("Detected odd -x usage\n");
217 "a--b" A double dash between two options, or between an option and a group
218 of options, means that they are mutually exclusive. Unlike
219 the "-" case above, an error will be forced if the options
223 The cut applet must have only one type of list specified, so
224 -b, -c and -f are mutually exclusive and should raise an error
225 if specified together. In this case you must set
226 opt_complementary = "b--cf:c--bf:f--bc". If two of the
227 mutually exclusive options are found, getopt32 will call
228 bb_show_usage() and die.
230 "x--x" Variation of the above, it means that -x option should occur
233 "o+" A plus after a char in opt_complementary means that the parameter
234 for this option is a nonnegative integer. It will be processed
235 with xatoi_positive() - allowed range is 0..INT_MAX.
237 int param; // "unsigned param;" will also work
238 opt_complementary = "p+";
239 getopt32(argv, "p:", ¶m);
241 "o::" A double colon after a char in opt_complementary means that the
242 option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence will be saved as
243 a llist_t element instead of char*.
246 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
247 In this case you should use getopt32() as follows:
249 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
251 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
252 as required by llist_add_to_end(llist_t **old_head, char *new_item).)
254 opt_complementary = "e::";
255 getopt32(argv, "e:", &patterns);
257 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
258 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
259 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
261 "o+" and "o::" can be handled by "o:+" and "o:*" specifiers
262 in option string (and it is preferred), but this does not work
263 for "long options only" cases, such as tar --exclude=PATTERN,
264 wget --header=HDR cases.
266 "a?b" A "?" between an option and a group of options means that
267 at least one of them is required to occur if the first option
268 occurs in preceding command line arguments.
270 For example from "id" applet:
272 // Don't allow -n -r -rn -ug -rug -nug -rnug
273 opt_complementary = "r?ug:n?ug:u--g:g--u";
274 flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug");
276 This example allowed only:
277 $ id; id -u; id -g; id -ru; id -nu; id -rg; id -ng; id -rnu; id -rng
279 "X" A opt_complementary group with just a single letter means
280 that this option is required. If more than one such group exists,
281 at least one option is required to occur (not all of them).
282 For example from "start-stop-daemon" applet:
284 // Don't allow -KS -SK, but -S or -K is required
285 opt_complementary = "K:S:K--S:S--K";
286 flags = getopt32(argv, "KS...);
289 Don't forget to use ':'. For example, "?322-22-23X-x-a"
290 is interpreted as "?3:22:-2:2-2:2-3Xa:2--x" -
291 max 3 args; count uses of '-2'; min 2 args; if there is
292 a '-2' option then unset '-3', '-X' and '-a'; if there is
293 a '-2' and after it a '-x' then error out.
294 But it's far too obfuscated. Use ':' to separate groups.
297 /* Code here assumes that 'unsigned' is at least 32 bits wide */
299 const char *const bb_argv_dash[] = { "-", NULL };
301 const char *opt_complementary;
310 unsigned char opt_char;
314 unsigned incongruously;
316 void **optarg; /* char**, llist_t** or int *. */
320 /* You can set applet_long_options for parse called long options */
321 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
322 static const struct option bb_null_long_options[1] = {
325 const char *applet_long_options;
328 uint32_t option_mask32;
330 /* Please keep getopt32 free from xmalloc */
333 getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
337 unsigned requires = 0;
338 t_complementary complementary[33]; /* last stays zero-filled */
341 const unsigned char *s;
342 t_complementary *on_off;
344 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
345 const struct option *l_o;
346 struct option *long_options = (struct option *) &bb_null_long_options;
352 #define SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR 1
356 /* skip 0: some applets cheat: they do not actually HAVE argv[0] */
357 argc = 1 + string_array_len(argv + 1);
359 va_start(p, applet_opts);
361 on_off = complementary;
362 memset(on_off, 0, sizeof(complementary));
364 applet_opts = strcpy(alloca(strlen(applet_opts) + 1), applet_opts);
366 /* skip bbox extension */
367 first_char = applet_opts[0];
368 if (first_char == '!')
371 /* skip GNU extension */
372 s = (const unsigned char *)applet_opts;
373 if (*s == '+' || *s == '-')
379 on_off->opt_char = *s;
380 on_off->switch_on = (1U << c);
382 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
383 if (s[1] == '+' || s[1] == '*') {
385 on_off->param_type = (s[1] == '+') ?
386 PARAM_INT : PARAM_LIST;
387 overlapping_strcpy((char*)s + 1, (char*)s + 2);
389 /* skip possible 'o::' (or 'o:+:' !) */
397 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
398 if (applet_long_options) {
403 optstr = applet_long_options;
405 optstr += strlen(optstr) + 3; /* skip NUL, has_arg, val */
408 /* count == no. of longopts + 1 */
409 long_options = alloca(count * sizeof(*long_options));
410 memset(long_options, 0, count * sizeof(*long_options));
412 optstr = applet_long_options;
414 long_options[i].name = optstr;
415 optstr += strlen(optstr) + 1;
416 long_options[i].has_arg = (unsigned char)(*optstr++);
417 /* long_options[i].flag = NULL; */
418 long_options[i].val = (unsigned char)(*optstr++);
421 for (l_o = long_options; l_o->name; l_o++) {
424 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
425 if (on_off->opt_char == l_o->val)
429 on_off->opt_char = l_o->val;
430 on_off->switch_on = (1U << c);
431 if (l_o->has_arg != no_argument)
432 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
436 /* Make it unnecessary to clear applet_long_options
437 * by hand after each call to getopt32
439 applet_long_options = NULL;
441 #endif /* ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG */
443 for (s = (const unsigned char *)opt_complementary; s && *s; s++) {
444 t_complementary *pair;
445 unsigned *pair_switch;
451 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
452 spec_flgs |= SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR;
460 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
467 min_arg = max_arg = c - '0';
471 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
472 if (on_off->opt_char == *s)
474 /* Without this, diagnostic of such bugs is not easy */
475 bb_error_msg_and_die("NO OPT %c!", *s);
477 if (c == ':' && s[2] == ':') {
478 on_off->param_type = PARAM_LIST;
481 if (c == '+' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
482 on_off->param_type = PARAM_INT;
486 if (c == ':' || c == '\0') {
487 requires |= on_off->switch_on;
490 if (c == '-' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
491 flags |= on_off->switch_on;
492 on_off->incongruously |= on_off->switch_on;
497 on_off->counter = va_arg(p, int *);
501 pair_switch = &pair->switch_on;
502 for (s++; *s && *s != ':'; s++) {
504 pair_switch = &pair->requires;
505 } else if (*s == '-') {
506 if (pair_switch == &pair->switch_off)
507 pair_switch = &pair->incongruously;
509 pair_switch = &pair->switch_off;
511 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
512 if (on_off->opt_char == *s) {
513 *pair_switch |= on_off->switch_on;
520 opt_complementary = NULL;
523 /* In case getopt32 was already called:
524 * reset the libc getopt() function, which keeps internal state.
525 * run_nofork_applet() does this, but we might end up here
526 * also via gunzip_main() -> gzip_main(). Play safe.
530 /* Note: just "getopt() <= 0" will not work well for
531 * "fake" short options, like this one:
532 * wget $'-\203' "Test: test" http://kernel.org/
533 * (supposed to act as --header, but doesn't) */
534 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
535 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, applet_opts,
536 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
538 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, applet_opts)) != -1) {
540 /* getopt prints "option requires an argument -- X"
541 * and returns '?' if an option has no arg, but one is reqd */
542 c &= 0xff; /* fight libc's sign extension */
543 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char != c; on_off++) {
544 /* c can be NUL if long opt has non-NULL ->flag,
545 * but we construct long opts so that flag
546 * is always NULL (see above) */
547 if (on_off->opt_char == '\0' /* && c != '\0' */) {
548 /* c is probably '?' - "bad option" */
552 if (flags & on_off->incongruously)
554 trigger = on_off->switch_on & on_off->switch_off;
555 flags &= ~(on_off->switch_off ^ trigger);
556 flags |= on_off->switch_on ^ trigger;
559 (*(on_off->counter))++;
561 if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_LIST) {
562 llist_add_to_end((llist_t **)(on_off->optarg), optarg);
563 } else if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_INT) {
564 //TODO: xatoi_positive indirectly pulls in printf machinery
565 *(unsigned*)(on_off->optarg) = xatoi_positive(optarg);
566 } else if (on_off->optarg) {
567 *(char **)(on_off->optarg) = optarg;
572 /* check depending requires for given options */
573 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++) {
575 && (flags & on_off->switch_on)
576 && (flags & on_off->requires) == 0
581 if (requires && (flags & requires) == 0)
584 if (argc < min_arg || (max_arg >= 0 && argc > max_arg))
587 option_mask32 = flags;
591 if (first_char != '!')