1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * universal getopt32 implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
7 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
16 getopt32(int argc, char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
18 The command line options must be declared in const char
19 *applet_opts as a string of chars, for example:
21 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "rnug");
23 If one of the given options is found, a flag value is added to
24 the return value (an unsigned long).
26 The flag value is determined by the position of the char in
27 applet_opts string. For example, in the above case:
29 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "rnug");
31 "r" will add 1 (bit 0)
32 "n" will add 2 (bit 1)
34 "g" will add 8 (bit 3)
36 and so on. You can also look at the return value as a bit
37 field and each option sets one bit.
39 On exit, global variable optind is set so that if you
40 will do argc -= optind; argv += optind; then
41 argc will be equal to number of remaining non-option
42 arguments, first one would be in argv[0], next in argv[1] and so on
43 (options and their parameters will be moved into argv[]
44 positions prior to argv[optind]).
46 ":" If one of the options requires an argument, then add a ":"
47 after the char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
48 the argument. For example:
50 char *pointer_to_arg_for_a;
51 char *pointer_to_arg_for_b;
52 char *pointer_to_arg_for_c;
53 char *pointer_to_arg_for_d;
55 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "a:b:c:d:",
56 &pointer_to_arg_for_a, &pointer_to_arg_for_b,
57 &pointer_to_arg_for_c, &pointer_to_arg_for_d);
59 The type of the pointer (char* or llist_t*) may be controlled
60 by the "::" special separator that is set in the external string
61 opt_complementary (see below for more info).
63 "::" If option can have an *optional* argument, then add a "::"
64 after its char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
65 the argument. Note that optional arguments _must_
66 immediately follow the option: -oparam, not -o param.
68 "+" If the first character in the applet_opts string is a plus,
69 then option processing will stop as soon as a non-option is
70 encountered in the argv array. Useful for applets like env
71 which should not process arguments to subprograms:
73 Here we want env to process just the '-i', not the '-d'.
75 const struct option *applet_long_options
77 This struct allows you to define long options. The syntax for
78 declaring the array is just like that of getopt's longopts.
81 static const struct option applet_long_options[] = {
82 //name,has_arg,flag,val
83 { "verbose", 0, 0, 'v' },
86 applet_long_options = applet_long_options;
88 The last member of struct option (val) typically is set to
89 matching short option from applet_opts. If there is no matching
90 char in applet_opts, then:
91 - return bit have next position after short options
92 - if has_arg is not "no_argument", use ptr for arg also
93 - opt_complementary affects it too
95 Note: a good applet will make long options configurable via the
96 config process and not a required feature. The current standard
97 is to name the config option CONFIG_FEATURE_<applet>_LONG_OPTIONS.
99 const char *opt_complementary
101 ":" The colon (":") is used to separate groups of two or more chars
102 and/or groups of chars and special characters (stating some
103 conditions to be checked).
105 "abc" If groups of two or more chars are specified, the first char
106 is the main option and the other chars are secondary options.
107 Their flags will be turned on if the main option is found even
108 if they are not specifed on the command line. For example:
110 opt_complementary = "abc";
111 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "abcd")
113 If getopt() finds "-a" on the command line, then
114 getopt32's return value will be as if "-a -b -c" were
117 "ww" Adjacent double options have a counter associated which indicates
118 the number of occurences of the option.
119 For example the ps applet needs:
120 if w is given once, GNU ps sets the width to 132,
121 if w is given more than once, it is "unlimited"
124 opt_complementary = "ww";
125 getopt32(argc, argv, "w", &w_counter);
127 width = (w_counter == 1) ? 132 : INT_MAX;
129 get_terminal_width(...&width...);
131 w_counter is a pointer to an integer. It has to be passed to
132 getopt32() after all other option argument sinks.
134 For example: accept multiple -v to indicate the level of verbosity
135 and for each -b optarg, add optarg to my_b. Finally, if b is given,
136 turn off c and vice versa:
138 llist_t *my_b = NULL;
139 int verbose_level = 0;
140 opt_complementary = "vv:b::b-c:c-b";
141 f = getopt32(argc, argv, "vb:c", &my_b, &verbose_level);
142 if (f & 2) // -c after -b unsets -b flag
143 while (my_b) { dosomething_with(my_b->data); my_b = my_b->link; }
144 if (my_b) // but llist is stored if -b is specified
146 if (verbose_level) printf("verbose level is %d\n", verbose_level);
150 "-" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group forces
151 all arguments to be treated as options, even if they have
152 no leading dashes. Next char in this case can't be a digit (0-9),
153 use ':' or end of line. For example:
155 opt_complementary = "-:w-x:x-w";
156 getopt32(argc, argv, "wx");
158 Allows any arguments to be given without a dash (./program w x)
159 as well as with a dash (./program -x).
161 "--" A double dash at the beginning of opt_complementary means the
162 argv[1] string should always be treated as options, even if it isn't
163 prefixed with a "-". This is useful for special syntax in applets
164 such as "ar" and "tar":
167 "-N" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
168 by a single digit (0-9) means that at least N non-option
169 arguments must be present on the command line
171 "=N" An equal sign as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
172 by a single digit (0-9) means that exactly N non-option
173 arguments must be present on the command line
175 "?N" A "?" as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
176 by a single digit (0-9) means that at most N arguments must be present
179 "V-" An option with dash before colon or end-of-line results in
180 bb_show_usage being called if this option is encountered.
181 This is typically used to implement "print verbose usage message
184 "-" A dash between two options causes the second of the two
185 to be unset (and ignored) if it is given on the command line.
187 [FIXME: what if they are the same? like "x-x"? Is it ever useful?]
190 The du applet has the options "-s" and "-d depth". If
191 getopt32 finds -s, then -d is unset or if it finds -d
192 then -s is unset. (Note: busybox implements the GNU
193 "--max-depth" option as "-d".) To obtain this behavior, you
194 set opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s". Only one flag value is
195 added to getopt32's return value depending on the
196 position of the options on the command line. If one of the
197 two options requires an argument pointer (":" in applet_opts
198 as in "d:") optarg is set accordingly.
200 char *smax_print_depth;
202 opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s:x-x";
203 opt = getopt32(argc, argv, "sd:x", &smax_print_depth);
206 max_print_depth = atoi(smax_print_depth);
208 printf("Detected odd -x usage\n");
210 "--" A double dash between two options, or between an option and a group
211 of options, means that they are mutually exclusive. Unlike
212 the "-" case above, an error will be forced if the options
216 The cut applet must have only one type of list specified, so
217 -b, -c and -f are mutally exclusive and should raise an error
218 if specified together. In this case you must set
219 opt_complementary = "b--cf:c--bf:f--bc". If two of the
220 mutually exclusive options are found, getopt32 will call
221 bb_show_usage() and die.
223 "x--x" Variation of the above, it means that -x option should occur
226 "::" A double colon after a char in opt_complementary means that the
227 option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence will be saved as
228 a llist_t element instead of char*.
231 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
232 In this case you should use getopt32() as follows:
234 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
236 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
237 as required by llist_add_to_end(llist_t **old_head, char *new_item).)
239 opt_complementary = "e::";
241 getopt32(argc, argv, "e:", &patterns);
242 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
243 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
244 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
246 "?" An "?" between an option and a group of options means that
247 at least one of them is required to occur if the first option
248 occurs in preceding command line arguments.
250 For example from "id" applet:
252 // Don't allow -n -r -rn -ug -rug -nug -rnug
253 opt_complementary = "r?ug:n?ug:?u--g:g--u";
254 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "rnug");
256 This example allowed only:
257 $ id; id -u; id -g; id -ru; id -nu; id -rg; id -ng; id -rnu; id -rng
259 "X" A opt_complementary group with just a single letter means
260 that this option is required. If more than one such group exists,
261 at least one option is required to occur (not all of them).
262 For example from "start-stop-daemon" applet:
264 // Don't allow -KS -SK, but -S or -K is required
265 opt_complementary = "K:S:?K--S:S--K";
266 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "KS...);
269 Don't forget to use ':'. For example, "?322-22-23X-x-a"
270 is interpreted as "?3:22:-2:2-2:2-3Xa:2--x" -
271 max 3 args; count uses of '-2'; min 2 args; if there is
272 a '-2' option then unset '-3', '-X' and '-a'; if there is
273 a '-2' and after it a '-x' then error out.
276 /* Code here assumes that 'unsigned' is at least 32 bits wide */
278 const char *opt_complementary;
285 unsigned incongruously;
287 void **optarg; /* char **optarg or llist_t **optarg */
291 /* You can set applet_long_options for parse called long options */
292 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
293 static const struct option bb_default_long_options[] = {
294 /* { "help", 0, NULL, '?' }, */
298 const struct option *applet_long_options = bb_default_long_options;
301 uint32_t option_mask32;
304 getopt32(int argc, char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
307 unsigned requires = 0;
308 t_complementary complementary[33];
310 const unsigned char *s;
311 t_complementary *on_off;
313 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
314 const struct option *l_o;
321 #define SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR 1
322 #define ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS 2
323 #define FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 4
324 #define FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 8
327 va_start(p, applet_opts);
330 on_off = complementary;
331 memset(on_off, 0, sizeof(complementary));
333 /* skip GNU extension */
334 s = (const unsigned char *)applet_opts;
335 if (*s == '+' || *s == '-')
340 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
342 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
343 while (*++s == ':') /* skip */;
349 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
350 for (l_o = applet_long_options; l_o->name; l_o++) {
353 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt != 0; on_off++)
354 if (on_off->opt == l_o->val)
357 on_off->opt = l_o->val;
358 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
359 if (l_o->has_arg != no_argument)
360 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
364 #endif /* ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG */
365 for (s = (const unsigned char *)opt_complementary; s && *s; s++) {
366 t_complementary *pair;
367 unsigned *pair_switch;
373 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
374 spec_flgs |= SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR;
382 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
384 spec_flgs |= FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
387 spec_flgs |= ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS;
395 min_arg = max_arg = c - '0';
399 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt; on_off++)
400 if (on_off->opt == *s)
402 if (c == ':' && s[2] == ':') {
406 if (c == ':' || c == '\0') {
407 requires |= on_off->switch_on;
410 if (c == '-' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
411 flags |= on_off->switch_on;
412 on_off->incongruously |= on_off->switch_on;
417 on_off->counter = va_arg(p, int *);
421 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_on);
422 for (s++; *s && *s != ':'; s++) {
424 pair_switch = &(pair->requires);
425 } else if (*s == '-') {
426 if (pair_switch == &(pair->switch_off))
427 pair_switch = &(pair->incongruously);
429 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_off);
431 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt; on_off++)
432 if (on_off->opt == *s) {
433 *pair_switch |= on_off->switch_on;
442 if (spec_flgs & FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT) {
443 if (argv[1] && argv[1][0] != '-' && argv[1][0] != '\0') {
444 argv[1] = xasprintf("-%s", argv[1]);
445 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP)
446 spec_flgs |= FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
450 /* In case getopt32 was already called, reinit some state */
452 /* optarg = NULL; opterr = 0; optopt = 0; ?? */
454 /* Note: just "getopt() <= 0" will not work good for
455 * "fake" short options, like this one:
456 * wget $'-\203' "Test: test" http://kernel.org/
457 * (supposed to act as --header, but doesn't) */
458 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
459 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, applet_opts,
460 applet_long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
462 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, applet_opts)) != -1) {
464 c &= 0xff; /* fight libc's sign extends */
466 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt != c; on_off++) {
467 /* c==0 if long opt have non NULL flag */
468 if (on_off->opt == 0 && c != 0)
471 if (flags & on_off->incongruously)
473 trigger = on_off->switch_on & on_off->switch_off;
474 flags &= ~(on_off->switch_off ^ trigger);
475 flags |= on_off->switch_on ^ trigger;
478 (*(on_off->counter))++;
479 if (on_off->list_flg) {
480 llist_add_to_end((llist_t **)(on_off->optarg), optarg);
481 } else if (on_off->optarg) {
482 *(char **)(on_off->optarg) = optarg;
488 if (spec_flgs & ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS) {
489 /* process argv is option, for example "ps" applet */
491 pargv = argv + optind;
498 goto loop_arg_is_opt;
503 #if (ENABLE_AR || ENABLE_TAR) && ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP
504 if (spec_flgs & FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT)
507 /* check depending requires for given options */
508 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt; on_off++) {
509 if (on_off->requires && (flags & on_off->switch_on) &&
510 (flags & on_off->requires) == 0)
513 if (requires && (flags & requires) == 0)
516 if (argc < min_arg || (max_arg >= 0 && argc > max_arg))
519 option_mask32 = flags;