1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * universal getopt32 implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
7 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
16 getopt32(int argc, char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
18 The command line options must be declared in const char
19 *applet_opts as a string of chars, for example:
21 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "rnug");
23 If one of the given options is found, a flag value is added to
24 the return value (an unsigned long).
26 The flag value is determined by the position of the char in
27 applet_opts string. For example, in the above case:
29 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "rnug");
31 "r" will add 1 (bit 0)
32 "n" will add 2 (bit 1)
34 "g" will add 8 (bit 3)
36 and so on. You can also look at the return value as a bit
37 field and each option sets one bit.
39 On exit, global variable optind is set so that if you
40 will do argc -= optind; argv += optind; then
41 argc will be equal to number of remaining non-option
42 arguments, first one would be in argv[0], next in argv[1] and so on
43 (options and their parameters will be moved into argv[]
44 positions prior to argv[optind]).
46 ":" If one of the options requires an argument, then add a ":"
47 after the char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
48 the argument. For example:
50 char *pointer_to_arg_for_a;
51 char *pointer_to_arg_for_b;
52 char *pointer_to_arg_for_c;
53 char *pointer_to_arg_for_d;
55 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "a:b:c:d:",
56 &pointer_to_arg_for_a, &pointer_to_arg_for_b,
57 &pointer_to_arg_for_c, &pointer_to_arg_for_d);
59 The type of the pointer (char* or llist_t*) may be controlled
60 by the "::" special separator that is set in the external string
61 opt_complementary (see below for more info).
63 "::" If option can have an *optional* argument, then add a "::"
64 after its char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
65 the argument. Note that optional arguments _must_
66 immediately follow the option: -oparam, not -o param.
68 "+" If the first character in the applet_opts string is a plus,
69 then option processing will stop as soon as a non-option is
70 encountered in the argv array. Useful for applets like env
71 which should not process arguments to subprograms:
73 Here we want env to process just the '-i', not the '-d'.
75 const struct option *applet_long_options
77 This struct allows you to define long options. The syntax for
78 declaring the array is just like that of getopt's longopts.
81 static const struct option applet_long_options[] = {
82 //name,has_arg,flag,val
83 { "verbose", 0, 0, 'v' },
86 applet_long_options = applet_long_options;
88 The last member of struct option (val) typically is set to
89 matching short option from applet_opts. If there is no matching
90 char in applet_opts, then:
91 - return bit have next position after short options
92 - if has_arg is not "no_argument", use ptr for arg also
93 - opt_complementary affects it too
95 Note: a good applet will make long options configurable via the
96 config process and not a required feature. The current standard
97 is to name the config option CONFIG_FEATURE_<applet>_LONG_OPTIONS.
99 const char *opt_complementary
101 ":" The colon (":") is used to separate groups of two or more chars
102 and/or groups of chars and special characters (stating some
103 conditions to be checked).
105 "abc" If groups of two or more chars are specified, the first char
106 is the main option and the other chars are secondary options.
107 Their flags will be turned on if the main option is found even
108 if they are not specifed on the command line. For example:
110 opt_complementary = "abc";
111 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "abcd")
113 If getopt() finds "-a" on the command line, then
114 getopt32's return value will be as if "-a -b -c" were
117 "ww" Adjacent double options have a counter associated which indicates
118 the number of occurences of the option.
119 For example the ps applet needs:
120 if w is given once, GNU ps sets the width to 132,
121 if w is given more than once, it is "unlimited"
124 opt_complementary = "ww";
125 getopt32(argc, argv, "w", &w_counter);
127 width = (w_counter == 1) ? 132 : INT_MAX;
129 get_terminal_width(...&width...);
131 w_counter is a pointer to an integer. It has to be passed to
132 getopt32() after all other option argument sinks.
134 For example: accept multiple -v to indicate the level of verbosity
135 and for each -b optarg, add optarg to my_b. Finally, if b is given,
136 turn off c and vice versa:
138 llist_t *my_b = NULL;
139 int verbose_level = 0;
140 opt_complementary = "vv:b::b-c:c-b";
141 f = getopt32(argc, argv, "vb:c", &my_b, &verbose_level);
142 if (f & 2) // -c after -b unsets -b flag
143 while (my_b) { dosomething_with(my_b->data); my_b = my_b->link; }
144 if (my_b) // but llist is stored if -b is specified
146 if (verbose_level) printf("verbose level is %d\n", verbose_level);
150 "-" A dash between two options causes the second of the two
151 to be unset (and ignored) if it is given on the command line.
153 [FIXME: what if they are the same? like "x-x"? Is it ever useful?]
156 The du applet has the options "-s" and "-d depth". If
157 getopt32 finds -s, then -d is unset or if it finds -d
158 then -s is unset. (Note: busybox implements the GNU
159 "--max-depth" option as "-d".) To obtain this behavior, you
160 set opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s". Only one flag value is
161 added to getopt32's return value depending on the
162 position of the options on the command line. If one of the
163 two options requires an argument pointer (":" in applet_opts
164 as in "d:") optarg is set accordingly.
166 char *smax_print_depth;
168 opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s:x-x";
169 opt = getopt32(argc, argv, "sd:x", &smax_print_depth);
172 max_print_depth = atoi(smax_print_depth);
174 printf("Detected odd -x usage\n");
176 "-" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group forces
177 all arguments to be treated as options, even if they have
178 no leading dashes. Next char in this case can't be a digit (0-9),
179 use ':' or end of line. For example:
181 opt_complementary = "-:w-x:x-w";
182 getopt32(argc, argv, "wx");
184 Allows any arguments to be given without a dash (./program w x)
185 as well as with a dash (./program -x).
187 "-N" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
188 by a single digit (0-9) means that at least N non-option
189 arguments must be present on the command line
191 "=N" An equal sign as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
192 by a single digit (0-9) means that exactly N non-option
193 arguments must be present on the command line
195 "V-" An option with dash before colon or end-of-line results in
196 bb_show_usage being called if this option is encountered.
197 This is typically used to implement "print verbose usage message
200 "--" A double dash between two options, or between an option and a group
201 of options, means that they are mutually exclusive. Unlike
202 the "-" case above, an error will be forced if the options
206 The cut applet must have only one type of list specified, so
207 -b, -c and -f are mutally exclusive and should raise an error
208 if specified together. In this case you must set
209 opt_complementary = "b--cf:c--bf:f--bc". If two of the
210 mutually exclusive options are found, getopt32's
211 return value will have the error flag set (BB_GETOPT_ERROR) so
212 that we can check for it:
214 if (flags & BB_GETOPT_ERROR)
217 "x--x" Variation of the above, it means that -x option should occur
220 "?" A "?" as the first char in a opt_complementary group means:
221 if BB_GETOPT_ERROR is detected, don't return, call bb_show_usage
222 and exit instead. Next char after '?' can't be a digit.
224 "?N" A "?" as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
225 by a single digit (0-9) means that at most N arguments must be present
228 "::" A double colon after a char in opt_complementary means that the
229 option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence will be saved as
230 a llist_t element instead of char*.
233 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
234 In this case you should use getopt32() as follows:
236 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
238 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
239 as required by *llist_add_to(llist_t *old_head, char *new_item).)
241 opt_complementary = "e::";
243 getopt32(argc, argv, "e:", &patterns);
244 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
245 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
246 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
248 "--" A double dash at the beginning of opt_complementary means the
249 argv[1] string should always be treated as options, even if it isn't
250 prefixed with a "-". This is useful for special syntax in applets
251 such as "ar" and "tar":
254 "?" An "?" between an option and a group of options means that
255 at least one of them is required to occur if the first option
256 occurs in preceding command line arguments.
258 For example from "id" applet:
260 // Don't allow -n -r -rn -ug -rug -nug -rnug
261 opt_complementary = "r?ug:n?ug:?u--g:g--u";
262 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "rnug");
264 This example allowed only:
265 $ id; id -u; id -g; id -ru; id -nu; id -rg; id -ng; id -rnu; id -rng
267 "X" A opt_complementary group with just a single letter means
268 that this option is required. If more than one such group exists,
269 at least one option is required to occur (not all of them).
270 For example from "start-stop-daemon" applet:
272 // Don't allow -KS -SK, but -S or -K is required
273 opt_complementary = "K:S:?K--S:S--K";
274 flags = getopt32(argc, argv, "KS...);
277 Don't forget to use ':'. For example, "?322-22-23X-x-a"
278 is interpreted as "?3:22:-2:2-2:2-3Xa:2--x" -
279 max 3 args; count uses of '-2'; min 2 args; if there is
280 a '-2' option then unset '-3', '-X' and '-a'; if there is
281 a '-2' and after it a '-x' then error out.
284 /* Code here assumes that 'unsigned' is at least 32 bits wide */
286 const char *opt_complementary;
293 unsigned incongruously;
295 void **optarg; /* char **optarg or llist_t **optarg */
299 /* You can set applet_long_options for parse called long options */
300 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
301 static const struct option bb_default_long_options[] = {
302 /* { "help", 0, NULL, '?' }, */
306 const struct option *applet_long_options = bb_default_long_options;
309 uint32_t option_mask32;
312 getopt32(int argc, char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
315 unsigned requires = 0;
316 t_complementary complementary[33];
318 const unsigned char *s;
319 t_complementary *on_off;
321 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
322 const struct option *l_o;
329 #define SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR 1
330 #define ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS 2
331 #define FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 4
332 #define FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 8
335 va_start(p, applet_opts);
338 on_off = complementary;
339 memset(on_off, 0, sizeof(complementary));
341 /* skip GNU extension */
342 s = (const unsigned char *)applet_opts;
343 if (*s == '+' || *s == '-')
348 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
350 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
351 while (*++s == ':') /* skip */;
357 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
358 for (l_o = applet_long_options; l_o->name; l_o++) {
361 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt != 0; on_off++)
362 if (on_off->opt == l_o->val)
365 on_off->opt = l_o->val;
366 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
367 if (l_o->has_arg != no_argument)
368 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
372 #endif /* ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG */
373 for (s = (const unsigned char *)opt_complementary; s && *s; s++) {
374 t_complementary *pair;
375 unsigned *pair_switch;
381 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
382 spec_flgs |= SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR;
390 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
392 spec_flgs |= FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
395 spec_flgs |= ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS;
403 min_arg = max_arg = c - '0';
407 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt; on_off++)
408 if (on_off->opt == *s)
410 if (c == ':' && s[2] == ':') {
414 if (c == ':' || c == '\0') {
415 requires |= on_off->switch_on;
418 if (c == '-' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
419 flags |= on_off->switch_on;
420 on_off->incongruously |= on_off->switch_on;
425 on_off->counter = va_arg(p, int *);
429 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_on);
430 for (s++; *s && *s != ':'; s++) {
432 pair_switch = &(pair->requires);
433 } else if (*s == '-') {
434 if (pair_switch == &(pair->switch_off))
435 pair_switch = &(pair->incongruously);
437 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_off);
439 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt; on_off++)
440 if (on_off->opt == *s) {
441 *pair_switch |= on_off->switch_on;
450 #if ENABLE_AR || ENABLE_TAR
451 if (spec_flgs & FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT) {
452 if (argv[1] && argv[1][0] != '-' && argv[1][0] != '\0') {
453 argv[1] = xasprintf("-%s", argv[1]);
454 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP)
455 spec_flgs |= FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
459 /* Note: just "getopt() <= 0" will not work good for
460 * "fake" short options, like this one:
461 * wget $'-\203' "Test: test" http://kernel.org/
462 * (supposed to act as --header, but doesn't) */
463 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
464 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, applet_opts,
465 applet_long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
467 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, applet_opts)) != -1) {
468 #endif /* ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG */
469 c &= 0xff; /* fight libc's sign extends */
471 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt != c; on_off++) {
472 /* c==0 if long opt have non NULL flag */
473 if (on_off->opt == 0 && c != 0)
476 if (flags & on_off->incongruously) {
477 if ((spec_flgs & SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR))
479 flags |= BB_GETOPT_ERROR;
481 trigger = on_off->switch_on & on_off->switch_off;
482 flags &= ~(on_off->switch_off ^ trigger);
483 flags |= on_off->switch_on ^ trigger;
486 (*(on_off->counter))++;
487 if (on_off->list_flg) {
488 llist_add_to((llist_t **)(on_off->optarg), optarg);
489 } else if (on_off->optarg) {
490 *(char **)(on_off->optarg) = optarg;
496 if (spec_flgs & ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS) {
497 /* process argv is option, for example "ps" applet */
499 pargv = argv + optind;
506 goto loop_arg_is_opt;
511 #if (ENABLE_AR || ENABLE_TAR) && ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP
512 if (spec_flgs & FREE_FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT)
515 /* check depending requires for given options */
516 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt; on_off++) {
517 if (on_off->requires && (flags & on_off->switch_on) &&
518 (flags & on_off->requires) == 0)
521 if (requires && (flags & requires) == 0)
524 if (argc < min_arg || (max_arg >= 0 && argc > max_arg))
527 option_mask32 = flags;