1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * universal getopt32 implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
7 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
10 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
18 getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
20 The command line options are passed as the applet_opts string.
22 If one of the given options is found, a flag value is added to
25 The flag value is determined by the position of the char in
26 applet_opts string. For example:
28 flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug");
30 "r" will set 1 (bit 0)
31 "n" will set 2 (bit 1)
32 "u" will set 4 (bit 2)
33 "g" will set 8 (bit 3)
35 and so on. You can also look at the return value as a bit
36 field and each option sets one bit.
38 On exit, global variable optind is set so that if you
39 will do argc -= optind; argv += optind; then
40 argc will be equal to number of remaining non-option
41 arguments, first one would be in argv[0], next in argv[1] and so on
42 (options and their parameters will be moved into argv[]
43 positions prior to argv[optind]).
45 "o:" If one of the options requires an argument, then add a ":"
46 after the char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
47 the argument. For example:
49 char *pointer_to_arg_for_a;
50 char *pointer_to_arg_for_b;
51 char *pointer_to_arg_for_c;
52 char *pointer_to_arg_for_d;
54 flags = getopt32(argv, "a:b:c:d:",
55 &pointer_to_arg_for_a, &pointer_to_arg_for_b,
56 &pointer_to_arg_for_c, &pointer_to_arg_for_d);
58 The type of the pointer may be controlled by "o::" or "o+" in
59 the external string opt_complementary (see below for more info).
61 "o::" If option can have an *optional* argument, then add a "::"
62 after its char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
63 the argument. Note that optional arguments _must_
64 immediately follow the option: -oparam, not -o param.
66 "o:+" This means that the parameter for this option is a nonnegative integer.
67 It will be processed with xatoi_positive() - allowed range
70 int param; // "unsigned param;" will also work
71 getopt32(argv, "p:+", ¶m);
73 "o:*" This means that the option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence
74 will be saved as a llist_t element instead of char*.
77 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
78 In this case you should use getopt32() as follows:
80 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
82 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
83 as required by llist_add_to_end(llist_t **old_head, char *new_item).)
85 getopt32(argv, "e:*", &patterns);
87 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
88 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
89 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
91 "+" If the first character in the applet_opts string is a plus,
92 then option processing will stop as soon as a non-option is
93 encountered in the argv array. Useful for applets like env
94 which should not process arguments to subprograms:
96 Here we want env to process just the '-i', not the '-d'.
98 "!" Report bad option, missing required options,
99 inconsistent options with all-ones return value (instead of abort).
101 const char *applet_long_options
103 This struct allows you to define long options:
105 static const char applet_longopts[] ALIGN1 =
106 //"name\0" has_arg val
107 "verbose\0" No_argument "v"
109 applet_long_options = applet_longopts;
111 The last member of struct option (val) typically is set to
112 matching short option from applet_opts. If there is no matching
113 char in applet_opts, then:
114 - return bit has next position after short options
115 - if has_arg is not "No_argument", use ptr for arg also
116 - opt_complementary affects it too
118 Note: a good applet will make long options configurable via the
119 config process and not a required feature. The current standard
120 is to name the config option CONFIG_FEATURE_<applet>_LONG_OPTIONS.
122 const char *opt_complementary
124 ":" The colon (":") is used to separate groups of two or more chars
125 and/or groups of chars and special characters (stating some
126 conditions to be checked).
128 "abc" If groups of two or more chars are specified, the first char
129 is the main option and the other chars are secondary options.
130 Their flags will be turned on if the main option is found even
131 if they are not specified on the command line. For example:
133 opt_complementary = "abc";
134 flags = getopt32(argv, "abcd")
136 If getopt() finds "-a" on the command line, then
137 getopt32's return value will be as if "-a -b -c" were
140 "ww" Adjacent double options have a counter associated which indicates
141 the number of occurrences of the option.
142 For example the ps applet needs:
143 if w is given once, GNU ps sets the width to 132,
144 if w is given more than once, it is "unlimited"
146 int w_counter = 0; // must be initialized!
147 opt_complementary = "ww";
148 getopt32(argv, "w", &w_counter);
150 width = (w_counter == 1) ? 132 : INT_MAX;
152 get_terminal_width(...&width...);
154 w_counter is a pointer to an integer. It has to be passed to
155 getopt32() after all other option argument sinks.
157 For example: accept multiple -v to indicate the level of verbosity
158 and for each -b optarg, add optarg to my_b. Finally, if b is given,
159 turn off c and vice versa:
161 llist_t *my_b = NULL;
162 int verbose_level = 0;
163 opt_complementary = "vv:b-c:c-b";
164 f = getopt32(argv, "vb:*c", &my_b, &verbose_level);
165 if (f & 2) // -c after -b unsets -b flag
166 while (my_b) dosomething_with(llist_pop(&my_b));
167 if (my_b) // but llist is stored if -b is specified
169 if (verbose_level) printf("verbose level is %d\n", verbose_level);
173 "-" A group consisting of just a dash forces all arguments
174 to be treated as options, even if they have no leading dashes.
175 Next char in this case can't be a digit (0-9), use ':' or end of line.
178 opt_complementary = "-:w-x:x-w"; // "-w-x:x-w" would also work,
179 getopt32(argv, "wx"); // but is less readable
181 This makes it possible to use options without a dash (./program w x)
182 as well as with a dash (./program -x).
184 NB: getopt32() will leak a small amount of memory if you use
185 this option! Do not use it if there is a possibility of recursive
188 "--" A double dash at the beginning of opt_complementary means the
189 argv[1] string should always be treated as options, even if it isn't
190 prefixed with a "-". This is useful for special syntax in applets
191 such as "ar" and "tar":
194 NB: getopt32() will leak a small amount of memory if you use
195 this option! Do not use it if there is a possibility of recursive
198 "-N" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
199 by a single digit (0-9) means that at least N non-option
200 arguments must be present on the command line
202 "=N" An equal sign as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
203 by a single digit (0-9) means that exactly N non-option
204 arguments must be present on the command line
206 "?N" A "?" as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
207 by a single digit (0-9) means that at most N arguments must be present
210 "V-" An option with dash before colon or end-of-line results in
211 bb_show_usage() being called if this option is encountered.
212 This is typically used to implement "print verbose usage message
215 "a-b" A dash between two options causes the second of the two
216 to be unset (and ignored) if it is given on the command line.
218 [FIXME: what if they are the same? like "x-x"? Is it ever useful?]
221 The du applet has the options "-s" and "-d depth". If
222 getopt32 finds -s, then -d is unset or if it finds -d
223 then -s is unset. (Note: busybox implements the GNU
224 "--max-depth" option as "-d".) To obtain this behavior, you
225 set opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s". Only one flag value is
226 added to getopt32's return value depending on the
227 position of the options on the command line. If one of the
228 two options requires an argument pointer (":" in applet_opts
229 as in "d:") optarg is set accordingly.
231 char *smax_print_depth;
233 opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s:x-x";
234 opt = getopt32(argv, "sd:x", &smax_print_depth);
237 max_print_depth = atoi(smax_print_depth);
239 printf("Detected odd -x usage\n");
241 "a--b" A double dash between two options, or between an option and a group
242 of options, means that they are mutually exclusive. Unlike
243 the "-" case above, an error will be forced if the options
247 The cut applet must have only one type of list specified, so
248 -b, -c and -f are mutually exclusive and should raise an error
249 if specified together. In this case you must set
250 opt_complementary = "b--cf:c--bf:f--bc". If two of the
251 mutually exclusive options are found, getopt32 will call
252 bb_show_usage() and die.
254 "x--x" Variation of the above, it means that -x option should occur
257 "o+" A plus after a char in opt_complementary means that the parameter
258 for this option is a nonnegative integer. It will be processed
259 with xatoi_positive() - allowed range is 0..INT_MAX.
261 int param; // "unsigned param;" will also work
262 opt_complementary = "p+";
263 getopt32(argv, "p:", ¶m);
265 "o::" A double colon after a char in opt_complementary means that the
266 option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence will be saved as
267 a llist_t element instead of char*.
270 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
271 In this case you should use getopt32() as follows:
273 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
275 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
276 as required by llist_add_to_end(llist_t **old_head, char *new_item).)
278 opt_complementary = "e::";
279 getopt32(argv, "e:", &patterns);
281 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
282 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
283 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
285 "o+" and "o::" can be handled by "o:+" and "o:*" specifiers
286 in option string (and it is preferred), but this does not work
287 for "long options only" cases, such as tar --exclude=PATTERN,
288 wget --header=HDR cases.
290 "a?b" A "?" between an option and a group of options means that
291 at least one of them is required to occur if the first option
292 occurs in preceding command line arguments.
294 For example from "id" applet:
296 // Don't allow -n -r -rn -ug -rug -nug -rnug
297 opt_complementary = "r?ug:n?ug:u--g:g--u";
298 flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug");
300 This example allowed only:
301 $ id; id -u; id -g; id -ru; id -nu; id -rg; id -ng; id -rnu; id -rng
303 "X" A opt_complementary group with just a single letter means
304 that this option is required. If more than one such group exists,
305 at least one option is required to occur (not all of them).
306 For example from "start-stop-daemon" applet:
308 // Don't allow -KS -SK, but -S or -K is required
309 opt_complementary = "K:S:K--S:S--K";
310 flags = getopt32(argv, "KS...);
313 Don't forget to use ':'. For example, "?322-22-23X-x-a"
314 is interpreted as "?3:22:-2:2-2:2-3Xa:2--x" -
315 max 3 args; count uses of '-2'; min 2 args; if there is
316 a '-2' option then unset '-3', '-X' and '-a'; if there is
317 a '-2' and after it a '-x' then error out.
318 But it's far too obfuscated. Use ':' to separate groups.
321 /* Code here assumes that 'unsigned' is at least 32 bits wide */
323 const char *const bb_argv_dash[] = { "-", NULL };
325 const char *opt_complementary;
334 unsigned char opt_char;
338 unsigned incongruously;
340 void **optarg; /* char**, llist_t** or int *. */
344 /* You can set applet_long_options for parse called long options */
345 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
346 static const struct option bb_null_long_options[1] = {
349 const char *applet_long_options;
352 uint32_t option_mask32;
355 getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
359 unsigned requires = 0;
360 t_complementary complementary[33]; /* last stays zero-filled */
363 const unsigned char *s;
364 t_complementary *on_off;
366 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
367 const struct option *l_o;
368 struct option *long_options = (struct option *) &bb_null_long_options;
375 #define SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR 1
376 #define ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS 2
377 #define FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 4
381 /* skip 0: some applets cheat: they do not actually HAVE argv[0] */
382 argc = 1 + string_array_len(argv + 1);
384 va_start(p, applet_opts);
386 on_off = complementary;
387 memset(on_off, 0, sizeof(complementary));
389 applet_opts = strcpy(alloca(strlen(applet_opts) + 1), applet_opts);
391 /* skip bbox extension */
392 first_char = applet_opts[0];
393 if (first_char == '!')
396 /* skip GNU extension */
397 s = (const unsigned char *)applet_opts;
398 if (*s == '+' || *s == '-')
404 on_off->opt_char = *s;
405 on_off->switch_on = (1U << c);
407 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
408 if (s[1] == '+' || s[1] == '*') {
410 on_off->param_type = (s[1] == '+') ?
411 PARAM_INT : PARAM_LIST;
412 overlapping_strcpy((char*)s + 1, (char*)s + 2);
414 /* skip possible 'o::' (or 'o:+:' !) */
422 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
423 if (applet_long_options) {
428 optstr = applet_long_options;
430 optstr += strlen(optstr) + 3; /* skip NUL, has_arg, val */
433 /* count == no. of longopts + 1 */
434 long_options = alloca(count * sizeof(*long_options));
435 memset(long_options, 0, count * sizeof(*long_options));
437 optstr = applet_long_options;
439 long_options[i].name = optstr;
440 optstr += strlen(optstr) + 1;
441 long_options[i].has_arg = (unsigned char)(*optstr++);
442 /* long_options[i].flag = NULL; */
443 long_options[i].val = (unsigned char)(*optstr++);
446 for (l_o = long_options; l_o->name; l_o++) {
449 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
450 if (on_off->opt_char == l_o->val)
454 on_off->opt_char = l_o->val;
455 on_off->switch_on = (1U << c);
456 if (l_o->has_arg != no_argument)
457 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
461 /* Make it unnecessary to clear applet_long_options
462 * by hand after each call to getopt32
464 applet_long_options = NULL;
466 #endif /* ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG */
468 for (s = (const unsigned char *)opt_complementary; s && *s; s++) {
469 t_complementary *pair;
470 unsigned *pair_switch;
476 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
477 spec_flgs |= SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR;
485 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
487 spec_flgs |= FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
490 spec_flgs |= ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS;
498 min_arg = max_arg = c - '0';
502 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
503 if (on_off->opt_char == *s)
505 /* Without this, diagnostic of such bugs is not easy */
506 bb_error_msg_and_die("NO OPT %c!", *s);
508 if (c == ':' && s[2] == ':') {
509 on_off->param_type = PARAM_LIST;
512 if (c == '+' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
513 on_off->param_type = PARAM_INT;
517 if (c == ':' || c == '\0') {
518 requires |= on_off->switch_on;
521 if (c == '-' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
522 flags |= on_off->switch_on;
523 on_off->incongruously |= on_off->switch_on;
528 on_off->counter = va_arg(p, int *);
532 pair_switch = &pair->switch_on;
533 for (s++; *s && *s != ':'; s++) {
535 pair_switch = &pair->requires;
536 } else if (*s == '-') {
537 if (pair_switch == &pair->switch_off)
538 pair_switch = &pair->incongruously;
540 pair_switch = &pair->switch_off;
542 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
543 if (on_off->opt_char == *s) {
544 *pair_switch |= on_off->switch_on;
551 opt_complementary = NULL;
554 if (spec_flgs & (FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT | ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS)) {
557 if (pargv[0][0] != '-' && pargv[0][0] != '\0') {
558 /* Can't use alloca: opts with params will
559 * return pointers to stack!
560 * NB: we leak these allocations... */
561 char *pp = xmalloc(strlen(*pargv) + 2);
563 strcpy(pp + 1, *pargv);
566 if (!(spec_flgs & ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS))
572 /* In case getopt32 was already called:
573 * reset the libc getopt() function, which keeps internal state.
574 * run_nofork_applet() does this, but we might end up here
575 * also via gunzip_main() -> gzip_main(). Play safe.
579 /* Note: just "getopt() <= 0" will not work well for
580 * "fake" short options, like this one:
581 * wget $'-\203' "Test: test" http://kernel.org/
582 * (supposed to act as --header, but doesn't) */
583 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS || ENABLE_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG
584 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, applet_opts,
585 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
587 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, applet_opts)) != -1) {
589 /* getopt prints "option requires an argument -- X"
590 * and returns '?' if an option has no arg, but one is reqd */
591 c &= 0xff; /* fight libc's sign extension */
592 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char != c; on_off++) {
593 /* c can be NUL if long opt has non-NULL ->flag,
594 * but we construct long opts so that flag
595 * is always NULL (see above) */
596 if (on_off->opt_char == '\0' /* && c != '\0' */) {
597 /* c is probably '?' - "bad option" */
601 if (flags & on_off->incongruously)
603 trigger = on_off->switch_on & on_off->switch_off;
604 flags &= ~(on_off->switch_off ^ trigger);
605 flags |= on_off->switch_on ^ trigger;
608 (*(on_off->counter))++;
610 if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_LIST) {
611 llist_add_to_end((llist_t **)(on_off->optarg), optarg);
612 } else if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_INT) {
613 //TODO: xatoi_positive indirectly pulls in printf machinery
614 *(unsigned*)(on_off->optarg) = xatoi_positive(optarg);
615 } else if (on_off->optarg) {
616 *(char **)(on_off->optarg) = optarg;
621 /* check depending requires for given options */
622 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++) {
624 && (flags & on_off->switch_on)
625 && (flags & on_off->requires) == 0
630 if (requires && (flags & requires) == 0)
633 if (argc < min_arg || (max_arg >= 0 && argc > max_arg))
636 option_mask32 = flags;
640 if (first_char != '!')