1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * universal getopt32 implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
7 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
16 getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
18 The command line options must be declared in const char
19 *applet_opts as a string of chars, for example:
21 flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug");
23 If one of the given options is found, a flag value is added to
24 the return value (an unsigned long).
26 The flag value is determined by the position of the char in
27 applet_opts string. For example, in the above case:
29 flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug");
31 "r" will add 1 (bit 0)
32 "n" will add 2 (bit 1)
33 "u" will add 4 (bit 2)
34 "g" will add 8 (bit 3)
36 and so on. You can also look at the return value as a bit
37 field and each option sets one bit.
39 On exit, global variable optind is set so that if you
40 will do argc -= optind; argv += optind; then
41 argc will be equal to number of remaining non-option
42 arguments, first one would be in argv[0], next in argv[1] and so on
43 (options and their parameters will be moved into argv[]
44 positions prior to argv[optind]).
46 ":" If one of the options requires an argument, then add a ":"
47 after the char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
48 the argument. For example:
50 char *pointer_to_arg_for_a;
51 char *pointer_to_arg_for_b;
52 char *pointer_to_arg_for_c;
53 char *pointer_to_arg_for_d;
55 flags = getopt32(argv, "a:b:c:d:",
56 &pointer_to_arg_for_a, &pointer_to_arg_for_b,
57 &pointer_to_arg_for_c, &pointer_to_arg_for_d);
59 The type of the pointer (char* or llist_t*) may be controlled
60 by the "::" special separator that is set in the external string
61 opt_complementary (see below for more info).
63 "::" If option can have an *optional* argument, then add a "::"
64 after its char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store
65 the argument. Note that optional arguments _must_
66 immediately follow the option: -oparam, not -o param.
68 "+" If the first character in the applet_opts string is a plus,
69 then option processing will stop as soon as a non-option is
70 encountered in the argv array. Useful for applets like env
71 which should not process arguments to subprograms:
73 Here we want env to process just the '-i', not the '-d'.
75 const char *applet_long_options
77 This struct allows you to define long options:
79 static const char applet_longopts[] ALIGN1 =
80 //"name\0" has_arg val
81 "verbose\0" No_argument "v"
83 applet_long_options = applet_longopts;
85 The last member of struct option (val) typically is set to
86 matching short option from applet_opts. If there is no matching
87 char in applet_opts, then:
88 - return bit have next position after short options
89 - if has_arg is not "No_argument", use ptr for arg also
90 - opt_complementary affects it too
92 Note: a good applet will make long options configurable via the
93 config process and not a required feature. The current standard
94 is to name the config option CONFIG_FEATURE_<applet>_LONG_OPTIONS.
96 const char *opt_complementary
98 ":" The colon (":") is used to separate groups of two or more chars
99 and/or groups of chars and special characters (stating some
100 conditions to be checked).
102 "abc" If groups of two or more chars are specified, the first char
103 is the main option and the other chars are secondary options.
104 Their flags will be turned on if the main option is found even
105 if they are not specifed on the command line. For example:
107 opt_complementary = "abc";
108 flags = getopt32(argv, "abcd")
110 If getopt() finds "-a" on the command line, then
111 getopt32's return value will be as if "-a -b -c" were
114 "ww" Adjacent double options have a counter associated which indicates
115 the number of occurences of the option.
116 For example the ps applet needs:
117 if w is given once, GNU ps sets the width to 132,
118 if w is given more than once, it is "unlimited"
120 int w_counter = 0; // must be initialized!
121 opt_complementary = "ww";
122 getopt32(argv, "w", &w_counter);
124 width = (w_counter == 1) ? 132 : INT_MAX;
126 get_terminal_width(...&width...);
128 w_counter is a pointer to an integer. It has to be passed to
129 getopt32() after all other option argument sinks.
131 For example: accept multiple -v to indicate the level of verbosity
132 and for each -b optarg, add optarg to my_b. Finally, if b is given,
133 turn off c and vice versa:
135 llist_t *my_b = NULL;
136 int verbose_level = 0;
137 opt_complementary = "vv:b::b-c:c-b";
138 f = getopt32(argv, "vb:c", &my_b, &verbose_level);
139 if (f & 2) // -c after -b unsets -b flag
140 while (my_b) dosomething_with(llist_pop(&my_b));
141 if (my_b) // but llist is stored if -b is specified
143 if (verbose_level) printf("verbose level is %d\n", verbose_level);
147 "-" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group forces
148 all arguments to be treated as options, even if they have
149 no leading dashes. Next char in this case can't be a digit (0-9),
150 use ':' or end of line. For example:
152 opt_complementary = "-:w-x:x-w";
153 getopt32(argv, "wx");
155 Allows any arguments to be given without a dash (./program w x)
156 as well as with a dash (./program -x).
158 NB: getopt32() will leak a small amount of memory if you use
159 this option! Do not use it if there is a possibility of recursive
162 "--" A double dash at the beginning of opt_complementary means the
163 argv[1] string should always be treated as options, even if it isn't
164 prefixed with a "-". This is useful for special syntax in applets
165 such as "ar" and "tar":
168 NB: getopt32() will leak a small amount of memory if you use
169 this option! Do not use it if there is a possibility of recursive
172 "-N" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
173 by a single digit (0-9) means that at least N non-option
174 arguments must be present on the command line
176 "=N" An equal sign as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
177 by a single digit (0-9) means that exactly N non-option
178 arguments must be present on the command line
180 "?N" A "?" as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed
181 by a single digit (0-9) means that at most N arguments must be present
184 "V-" An option with dash before colon or end-of-line results in
185 bb_show_usage() being called if this option is encountered.
186 This is typically used to implement "print verbose usage message
189 "a-b" A dash between two options causes the second of the two
190 to be unset (and ignored) if it is given on the command line.
192 [FIXME: what if they are the same? like "x-x"? Is it ever useful?]
195 The du applet has the options "-s" and "-d depth". If
196 getopt32 finds -s, then -d is unset or if it finds -d
197 then -s is unset. (Note: busybox implements the GNU
198 "--max-depth" option as "-d".) To obtain this behavior, you
199 set opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s". Only one flag value is
200 added to getopt32's return value depending on the
201 position of the options on the command line. If one of the
202 two options requires an argument pointer (":" in applet_opts
203 as in "d:") optarg is set accordingly.
205 char *smax_print_depth;
207 opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s:x-x";
208 opt = getopt32(argv, "sd:x", &smax_print_depth);
211 max_print_depth = atoi(smax_print_depth);
213 printf("Detected odd -x usage\n");
215 "a--b" A double dash between two options, or between an option and a group
216 of options, means that they are mutually exclusive. Unlike
217 the "-" case above, an error will be forced if the options
221 The cut applet must have only one type of list specified, so
222 -b, -c and -f are mutually exclusive and should raise an error
223 if specified together. In this case you must set
224 opt_complementary = "b--cf:c--bf:f--bc". If two of the
225 mutually exclusive options are found, getopt32 will call
226 bb_show_usage() and die.
228 "x--x" Variation of the above, it means that -x option should occur
231 "a+" A plus after a char in opt_complementary means that the parameter
232 for this option is a nonnegative integer. It will be processed
233 with xatoi_u() - allowed range is 0..INT_MAX.
235 int param; // "unsigned param;" will also work
236 opt_complementary = "p+";
237 getopt32(argv, "p:", ¶m);
239 "a::" A double colon after a char in opt_complementary means that the
240 option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence will be saved as
241 a llist_t element instead of char*.
244 The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments.
245 In this case you should use getopt32() as follows:
247 llist_t *patterns = NULL;
249 (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty
250 as required by llist_add_to_end(llist_t **old_head, char *new_item).)
252 opt_complementary = "e::";
254 getopt32(argv, "e:", &patterns);
255 $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd
256 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
257 user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash
259 "a?b" A "?" between an option and a group of options means that
260 at least one of them is required to occur if the first option
261 occurs in preceding command line arguments.
263 For example from "id" applet:
265 // Don't allow -n -r -rn -ug -rug -nug -rnug
266 opt_complementary = "r?ug:n?ug:u--g:g--u";
267 flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug");
269 This example allowed only:
270 $ id; id -u; id -g; id -ru; id -nu; id -rg; id -ng; id -rnu; id -rng
272 "X" A opt_complementary group with just a single letter means
273 that this option is required. If more than one such group exists,
274 at least one option is required to occur (not all of them).
275 For example from "start-stop-daemon" applet:
277 // Don't allow -KS -SK, but -S or -K is required
278 opt_complementary = "K:S:K--S:S--K";
279 flags = getopt32(argv, "KS...);
282 Don't forget to use ':'. For example, "?322-22-23X-x-a"
283 is interpreted as "?3:22:-2:2-2:2-3Xa:2--x" -
284 max 3 args; count uses of '-2'; min 2 args; if there is
285 a '-2' option then unset '-3', '-X' and '-a'; if there is
286 a '-2' and after it a '-x' then error out.
287 But it's far too obfuscated. Use ':' to separate groups.
290 /* Code here assumes that 'unsigned' is at least 32 bits wide */
292 const char *const bb_argv_dash[] = { "-", NULL };
294 const char *opt_complementary;
303 unsigned char opt_char;
307 unsigned incongruously;
309 void **optarg; /* char**, llist_t** or int *. */
313 /* You can set applet_long_options for parse called long options */
314 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
315 static const struct option bb_null_long_options[1] = {
318 const char *applet_long_options;
321 uint32_t option_mask32;
324 getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...)
328 unsigned requires = 0;
329 t_complementary complementary[33]; /* last stays zero-filled */
331 const unsigned char *s;
332 t_complementary *on_off;
334 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
335 const struct option *l_o;
336 struct option *long_options = (struct option *) &bb_null_long_options;
343 #define SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR 1
344 #define ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS 2
345 #define FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 4
349 /* skip 0: some applets cheat: they do not actually HAVE argv[0] */
354 va_start(p, applet_opts);
357 on_off = complementary;
358 memset(on_off, 0, sizeof(complementary));
360 /* skip GNU extension */
361 s = (const unsigned char *)applet_opts;
362 if (*s == '+' || *s == '-')
367 on_off->opt_char = *s;
368 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
370 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
378 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
379 if (applet_long_options) {
384 optstr = applet_long_options;
386 optstr += strlen(optstr) + 3; /* skip NUL, has_arg, val */
389 /* count == no. of longopts + 1 */
390 long_options = alloca(count * sizeof(*long_options));
391 memset(long_options, 0, count * sizeof(*long_options));
393 optstr = applet_long_options;
395 long_options[i].name = optstr;
396 optstr += strlen(optstr) + 1;
397 long_options[i].has_arg = (unsigned char)(*optstr++);
398 /* long_options[i].flag = NULL; */
399 long_options[i].val = (unsigned char)(*optstr++);
402 for (l_o = long_options; l_o->name; l_o++) {
405 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
406 if (on_off->opt_char == l_o->val)
410 on_off->opt_char = l_o->val;
411 on_off->switch_on = (1 << c);
412 if (l_o->has_arg != no_argument)
413 on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **);
418 #endif /* ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG */
419 for (s = (const unsigned char *)opt_complementary; s && *s; s++) {
420 t_complementary *pair;
421 unsigned *pair_switch;
427 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
428 spec_flgs |= SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR;
436 if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
438 spec_flgs |= FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT;
441 spec_flgs |= ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS;
449 min_arg = max_arg = c - '0';
453 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
454 if (on_off->opt_char == *s)
456 if (c == ':' && s[2] == ':') {
457 on_off->param_type = PARAM_LIST;
460 if (c == '+' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
461 on_off->param_type = PARAM_INT;
464 if (c == ':' || c == '\0') {
465 requires |= on_off->switch_on;
468 if (c == '-' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) {
469 flags |= on_off->switch_on;
470 on_off->incongruously |= on_off->switch_on;
475 on_off->counter = va_arg(p, int *);
479 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_on);
480 for (s++; *s && *s != ':'; s++) {
482 pair_switch = &(pair->requires);
483 } else if (*s == '-') {
484 if (pair_switch == &(pair->switch_off))
485 pair_switch = &(pair->incongruously);
487 pair_switch = &(pair->switch_off);
489 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++)
490 if (on_off->opt_char == *s) {
491 *pair_switch |= on_off->switch_on;
500 if (spec_flgs & (FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT | ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS)) {
503 if (pargv[0][0] != '-' && pargv[0][0] != '\0') {
504 /* Can't use alloca: opts with params will
505 * return pointers to stack!
506 * NB: we leak these allocations... */
507 char *pp = xmalloc(strlen(*pargv) + 2);
509 strcpy(pp + 1, *pargv);
512 if (!(spec_flgs & ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS))
518 /* In case getopt32 was already called:
519 * reset the libc getopt() function, which keeps internal state.
520 * run_nofork_applet_prime() does this, but we might end up here
521 * also via gunzip_main() -> gzip_main(). Play safe.
525 #else /* BSD style */
529 /* optarg = NULL; opterr = 0; optopt = 0; - do we need this?? */
533 /* Note: just "getopt() <= 0" will not work well for
534 * "fake" short options, like this one:
535 * wget $'-\203' "Test: test" http://kernel.org/
536 * (supposed to act as --header, but doesn't) */
537 #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
538 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, applet_opts,
539 long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
541 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, applet_opts)) != -1) {
543 /* getopt prints "option requires an argument -- X"
544 * and returns '?' if an option has no arg, but one is reqd */
545 c &= 0xff; /* fight libc's sign extension */
546 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char != c; on_off++) {
547 /* c can be NUL if long opt has non-NULL ->flag,
548 * but we construct long opts so that flag
549 * is always NULL (see above) */
550 if (on_off->opt_char == '\0' /* && c != '\0' */) {
551 /* c is probably '?' - "bad option" */
555 if (flags & on_off->incongruously)
557 trigger = on_off->switch_on & on_off->switch_off;
558 flags &= ~(on_off->switch_off ^ trigger);
559 flags |= on_off->switch_on ^ trigger;
562 (*(on_off->counter))++;
563 if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_LIST) {
565 llist_add_to_end((llist_t **)(on_off->optarg), optarg);
566 } else if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_INT) {
568 //TODO: xatoi_u indirectly pulls in printf machinery
569 *(unsigned*)(on_off->optarg) = xatoi_u(optarg);
570 } else if (on_off->optarg) {
572 *(char **)(on_off->optarg) = optarg;
578 /* check depending requires for given options */
579 for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++) {
580 if (on_off->requires && (flags & on_off->switch_on) &&
581 (flags & on_off->requires) == 0)
584 if (requires && (flags & requires) == 0)
587 if (argc < min_arg || (max_arg >= 0 && argc > max_arg))
590 option_mask32 = flags;