1 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [...]>
2 <book id="BusyBoxDocumentation">
4 <title>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</title>
8 This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
9 it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
10 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
11 version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
16 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
17 useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
18 warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
19 See the GNU General Public License for more details.
23 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
24 License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
25 Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
30 For more details see the file COPYING in the source
31 distribution of Linux.
37 <chapter id="Introduction">
38 <title>Introduction</title>
41 BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single
42 small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the
43 utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils,
44 grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment
45 for any small or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have
46 fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options
47 that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much
48 like their GNU counterparts.
52 BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in
53 mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude
54 commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize
55 your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a
56 shell (such as ash), and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae).
61 <title>How to use BusyBox</title>
62 <sect1 id="How to use BusyBox">
67 BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or
73 <function> [arguments...] # if symlinked
78 <sect1 id="Invoking BusyBox">
80 When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when
81 BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself
97 will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
102 You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the
103 command line. For example, entering
113 will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
118 <sect1 id="Common options">
120 Most BusyBox commands support the <emphasis>--help</emphasis> option to provide
121 a terse runtime description of their behavior.
126 <chapter id="Commands">
127 <title>BusyBox Commands</title>
128 <sect1 id="Available BusyBox Commands">
129 <title>Available BusyBox Commands</title>
131 Currently defined functions include:
135 ar, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear,
136 cp, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, du,
137 dumpkmap, dutmp, echo, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free,
138 freeramdisk, fsck.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head,
139 hostid, hostname, id, init, insmod, kill, killall, length, ln,
140 loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod,
141 makedevs, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp,
142 more, mount, mt, mv, nc, nslookup, ping, poweroff, printf, ps,
143 pwd, reboot, renice, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sleep,
144 sort, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet,
145 test, touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, update,
146 uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, wc, which, whoami, yes,
155 Usage: ar [OPTION] archive [FILENAME]...
159 Extract or list files from an ar archive.
168 o Preserve original dates
172 v Verbosely list files processed
177 <sect1 id="basename">
178 <title>basename</title>
180 Usage: basename FILE [SUFFIX]
184 Strip directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes
194 $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
196 $ basename /usr/local/bin/
198 $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
212 Concatenate <literal>FILE(s)</literal> and prints them to the standard
232 Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
236 Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.
245 -R Change files and directories recursively
256 -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
257 $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
259 -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
268 Usage: chmod [<emphasis>-R</emphasis>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
272 Change file access permissions for the specified
273 <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories). Each MODE is defined by
274 combining the letters for WHO has access to the file, an OPERATOR for
275 selecting how the permissions should be changed, and a PERMISSION for
276 <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories).
280 WHO may be chosen from
285 u User who owns the file
286 g Users in the file's Group
287 o Other users not in the file's group
293 OPERATOR may be chosen from
299 - Remove a permission
300 = Assign a permission
305 PERMISSION may be chosen from
312 x Execute (or access for directories)
313 s Set user (or group) ID bit
314 t Sticky bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)
319 Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three
320 numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as
332 An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify
349 -R Change files and directories recursively.
360 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
363 -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
366 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
374 Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP] FILE...
378 Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
387 -R Change files and directories recursively
398 -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
399 $ chown root /tmp/foo
401 -r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
402 $ chown root.root /tmp/foo
404 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
410 <title>chroot</title>
412 Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]
416 Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
426 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
427 $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
430 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls*
442 Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
462 Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
467 or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
472 Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple <literal>SOURCE(s)</literal> to
484 -p Preserve file attributes if possible
485 -R Copy directories recursively
494 Usage: cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...
498 Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.
507 -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
508 -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
509 -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
510 -s Output only the lines containing delimiter
511 -f N Print only these fields
522 $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' '
524 $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' '
534 Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
539 or: date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
544 Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
553 -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string
554 -s Set time described by STRING
555 -u Print or set Coordinated Universal Time
566 Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000
575 Usage: dc [EXPRESSION]
579 This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the
580 following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor. If
581 no arguments are given, dc will process input from
586 The behaviour of BusyBox/dc deviates (just a little ;-)
587 from GNU/dc, but this will be remedied in the future.
604 $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
614 Usage: dd [OPTION]...
618 Copy a file, converting and formatting according to
628 if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
629 of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
630 bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
631 count=N Copy only N input blocks
632 skip=N Skip N input blocks
633 seek=N Skip N output blocks
638 Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512),
648 $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
655 <sect1 id="deallocvt">
656 <title>deallocvt</title>
663 Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN.
675 Print the filesystem space used and space available.
685 Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
686 /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
687 /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
689 Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
690 /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
696 <title>dirname</title>
703 Strip non-directory suffix from NAME.
724 Usage: dmesg [OPTION]...
728 Print or control the kernel ring buffer.
737 -c Clear the ring buffer after printing
738 -n LEVEL Set the console logging level to LEVEL
739 -s BUFSIZE Query ring buffer using a buffer of BUFSIZE
748 Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
752 Summarize the disk space used for each FILE or current
753 directory. Disk space printed in units of 1k (i.e.
763 -l Count sizes many times if hard linked
764 -s Display only a total for each argument
776 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
789 <sect1 id="dumpkmap">
790 <title>dumpkmap</title>
797 Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard input.
806 $ dumpkmap < keymap
819 Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or
829 $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
830 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
831 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
832 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
833 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
834 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
835 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
836 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
845 Usage: echo [OPTION]... [ARG]...
849 Print ARGs to stdout.
858 -n Suppress trailing newline
859 -e Enable interpretation of escaped characters
860 -E Disable interpretation of escaped characters
870 $ echo "Erik is cool"
872 $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
876 $ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
890 Return an exit code of FALSE (1).
910 Usage: fbset [OPTION]... [MODE]
914 Show and modify frame buffer device settings.
923 -h Display option summary
924 -fb DEVICE Operate on DEVICE
925 -db FILE Use FILE for mode database
926 -g XRES YRES VXRES VYRES DEPTH Set all geometry parameters
927 -t PIXCLOCK LEFT RIGHT UPPER LOWER HSLEN VSLEN Set all timing parameters
928 -xres RES Set visible horizontal resolution
929 -yres RES Set visible vertical resolution
941 # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
942 geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
943 timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
945 rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
952 <title>fdflush</title>
955 Usage: fdflush DEVICE
959 Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change on DEVICE.
967 Usage: find [PATH]... [EXPRESSION]
971 Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default
972 PATH is the current directory; default EXPRESSION is
977 EXPRESSION may consist of:
982 -follow Dereference symbolic links
983 -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN
984 -print Print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout
994 $ find / -name /etc/passwd
1008 Displays the amount of free and used system memory.
1018 total used free shared buffers
1019 Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
1020 Swap: 128516 8404 120112
1021 Total: 386144 257128 129016
1026 <sect1 id="freeramdisk">
1027 <title>freeramdisk</title>
1030 Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE
1034 Free all memory used by the ramdisk DEVICE.
1043 $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
1048 <sect1 id="fsck.minix">
1049 <title>fsck.minix</title>
1052 Usage: fsck.minix [OPTION]... DEVICE
1056 Perform a consistency check on the MINIX filesystem on
1066 -l List all filenames
1067 -r Perform interactive repairs
1068 -a Perform automatic repairs
1070 -s Output super-block information
1071 -m Activate MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
1072 -f Force file system check.
1078 <title>getopt</title>
1081 Usage: getopt [OPTIONS]...
1085 Parse command options
1090 -a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single -\n"
1091 -l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized\n"
1092 -n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported\n"
1093 -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized\n"
1094 -q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)\n"
1095 -Q, --quiet-output No normal output\n"
1096 -s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions\n"
1097 -T, --test Test for getopt(1) version\n"
1098 -u, --unqote Do not quote the output\n"
1111 GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
1112 -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"`
1113 if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi
1114 eval set -- "$GETOPT"
1117 -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
1118 -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
1121 "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
1122 *) echo "Option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
1124 --) shift ; break ;;
1125 *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
1136 Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]...
1140 Search for PATTERN in each FILE or stdin.
1149 -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output
1150 -i Ignore case distinctions
1151 -n Print line number with output lines
1152 -q Be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
1153 -v Select non-matching lines
1158 This version of grep matches full regular expressions.
1167 $ grep root /etc/passwd
1168 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
1169 $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
1170 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
1176 <title>gunzip</title>
1179 Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE
1183 Uncompress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-').
1192 -c Write output to standard output
1193 -t Test compressed file integrity
1203 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
1204 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
1205 $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
1206 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
1207 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
1216 Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE
1220 Compress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-') with maximum
1221 compression to FILE.gz (or stdout if FILE is '-').
1230 -c Write output to standard output
1240 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
1241 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
1242 $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
1243 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
1244 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
1265 Usage: head [OPTION] FILE...
1269 Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
1270 With more than one FILE, precede each with a header
1271 giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -,
1272 read standard input.
1281 -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
1291 $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
1292 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
1293 daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
1299 <title>hostid</title>
1306 Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current
1307 machine. The 32-bit identifier is intended to be unique
1308 among all UNIX systems in existence.
1312 <sect1 id="hostname">
1313 <title>hostname</title>
1316 Usage: hostname [OPTION]... [HOSTNAME|-F FILE]
1320 Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a
1321 hostname is given (or a file with the -F parameter), the
1322 host name will be set.
1332 -i Addresses for the hostname
1334 -F FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
1354 Usage: id [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
1358 Print information for USERNAME or the current user.
1367 -g Print only the group ID
1368 -u Print only the user ID
1369 -r Print the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)
1380 uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)
1393 Init is the parent of all processes.
1397 This version of init is designed to be run only by the
1402 BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The
1403 runlevels field of the /etc/inittab file is completely
1404 ignored by BusyBox init. If you want runlevels, use
1409 BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no
1410 inittab is found, it has the following default behavior:
1415 ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
1421 If it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial
1422 console, it will also run:
1427 tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
1432 If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab
1433 entry format is as follows:
1438 <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
1445 WARNING: This field has a non-traditional
1446 meaning for BusyBox init! The id field is used
1447 by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty
1448 for the specified process to run on. The
1449 contents of this field are appended to "/dev/"
1450 and used as-is. There is no need for this field
1451 to be unique, although if it isn't you may have
1452 strange results. If this field is left blank,
1453 it is completely ignored. Also note that if
1454 BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use,
1455 then all entries containing non-empty id fields
1456 will _not_ be run. BusyBox init does nothing
1457 with utmp. We don't need no stinkin' utmp.
1462 <title>runlevels</title>
1465 The runlevels field is completely ignored.
1470 <title>action</title>
1473 Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn,
1474 askfirst, wait, once, and ctrlaltdel.
1478 askfirst acts just like respawn, but before
1479 running the specified process it displays the
1480 line "Please press Enter to activate this
1481 console." and then waits for the user to press
1482 enter before starting the specified process.
1486 Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will
1487 cause init to emit an error message, and then go
1488 along with its business.
1493 <title>process</title>
1496 Specifies the process to be executed and its
1502 Example /etc/inittab file:
1507 # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
1509 ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
1511 # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
1513 # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
1515 # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2
1516 tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
1518 # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
1520 tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
1521 tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
1523 # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
1525 #ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
1526 #ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
1528 # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
1529 #ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2
1531 # Stuff to do before rebooting
1532 ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r > /dev/null 2>&1
1533 ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a > /dev/null 2>&1
1539 <title>insmod</title>
1542 Usage: insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...
1546 Load MODULE into the kernel.
1555 -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
1556 -k Make module autoclean-able.
1558 -x Do not export externs
1567 Usage: kill [OPTION] PID...
1571 Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
1581 -l List all signal names and numbers
1582 -SIG Send signal SIG
1593 252 root root S [apache]
1594 263 www-data www-data S [apache]
1595 264 www-data www-data S [apache]
1596 265 www-data www-data S [apache]
1597 266 www-data www-data S [apache]
1598 267 www-data www-data S [apache]
1604 <sect1 id="killall">
1605 <title>killall</title>
1608 Usage: killall [OPTION] NAME...
1612 Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
1622 -l List all signal names and numbers
1623 -SIG Send signal SIG
1639 <title>length</title>
1642 Usage: length STRING
1646 Print the length of STRING.
1665 Usage: ln [OPTION]... TARGET FILE|DIRECTORY
1669 Create a link named FILE or DIRECTORY to the specified
1670 TARGET. You may use '--' to indicate that all following
1671 arguments are non-options.
1680 -s Make symbolic link instead of hard link
1681 -f Remove existing destination file
1691 $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
1693 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*
1698 <sect1 id="loadacm">
1699 <title>loadacm</title>
1706 Load an acm from stdin.
1715 $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname
1720 <sect1 id="loadfont">
1721 <title>loadfont</title>
1728 Load a console font from stdin.
1737 $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname
1742 <sect1 id="loadkmap">
1743 <title>loadkmap</title>
1750 Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin.
1759 $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap
1765 <title>logger</title>
1768 Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]
1772 Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is '-', log
1782 -s Log to stderr as well as the system log
1783 -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
1784 -p Enter the message with the specified priority
1785 This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair
1800 <sect1 id="logname">
1801 <title>logname</title>
1808 Print the name of the current user.
1827 Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
1840 -a Do not hide entries starting with .
1841 -c With -l: show ctime (the time of last
1842 modification of file status information)
1843 -d List directory entries instead of contents
1844 -e List both full date and full time
1845 -l Use a long listing format
1846 -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
1847 -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
1848 -u With -l: show access time (the time of last
1850 -x List entries by lines instead of by columns
1851 -A Do not list implied . and ..
1852 -C List entries by columns
1853 -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
1854 -R List subdirectories recursively
1869 <title>lsmod</title>
1876 List currently loaded kernel modules.
1880 <sect1 id="makedevs">
1881 <title>makedevs</title>
1884 Usage: makedevsf NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]
1888 Create a range of block or character special files.
1897 b Make a block (buffered) device
1898 c or u Make a character (un-buffered) device
1899 p Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes
1904 FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create
1905 the first device. LAST specifies the number of the last
1906 item that should be created. If 's' is the last
1907 argument, the base device is created as well.
1916 $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
1917 [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
1918 $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
1919 [creates hda,hda1-hda8]
1925 <title>md5sum</title>
1928 Usage: md5sum [OPTION]... FILE...
1932 Print or check MD5 checksums.
1941 -b Read files in binary mode
1942 -c Check MD5 sums against given list
1943 -t Read files in text mode (default)
1949 The following two options are useful only when verifying
1955 -s Don't output anything, status code shows success
1956 -w Warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines
1967 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
1969 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
1970 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324002 busybox
1971 md5sum: MD5 check failed for 'busybox'
1978 <title>mkdir</title>
1981 Usage: mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
1985 Create the DIRECTORY(s), if they do not already exist.
1994 -m Set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
1995 -p No error if directory exists, make parent directories as needed
2007 /tmp/foo: File exists
2008 $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
2009 /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
2010 $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
2016 <title>mkfifo</title>
2019 Usage: mkfifo [OPTION] NAME
2023 Create a named pipe (identical to 'mknod NAME p').
2032 -m MODE Create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)
2037 <sect1 id="mkfs.minix">
2038 <title>mkfs.minix</title>
2041 Usage: mkfs.minix [OPTION]... NAME [BLOCKS]
2045 Make a MINIX filesystem.
2054 -c Check the device for bad blocks
2055 -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
2056 -i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
2057 -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
2058 -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
2064 <title>mknod</title>
2067 Usage: mknod [OPTION]... NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
2071 Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).
2080 -m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
2090 b Make a block (buffered) device
2091 c or u Make a character (un-buffered) device
2092 p Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes
2102 $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
2103 $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p
2109 <title>mkswap</title>
2112 Usage: mkswap [OPTION]... DEVICE [BLOCKS]
2116 Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.
2125 -c Check for read-ability.
2126 -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
2127 -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
2128 BLOCKS Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
2134 <title>mktemp</title>
2137 Usage: mktemp TEMPLATE
2141 Creates a temporary file with its name based on
2142 TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e.
2152 $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
2154 $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
2155 -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
2164 Usage: more [FILE]...
2168 Page through text one screenful at a time.
2183 <title>mount</title>
2186 Usage: mount [OPTION]...
2191 or: mount [OPTION]... DEVICE DIRECTORY
2205 -a Mount all filesystems in /etc/fstab
2206 -o One of the many filesystem options listed below
2207 -r Mount the filesystem read-only
2208 -t TYPE Specify the filesystem type
2209 -w Mount the filesystem read-write
2214 Options for use with the -o flag:
2219 async/sync Writes are asynchronous / synchronous
2220 atime/noatime Enable / disable updates to inode access times
2221 dev/nodev Allow / disallow use of special device files
2222 exec/noexec Allow / disallow use of executable files
2223 loop Mount a file via loop device
2224 suid/nosuid Allow / disallow set-user-id-root programs
2225 remount Remount a currently mounted filesystem
2226 ro/rw Mount filesystem read-only / read-write
2231 There are even more flags that are filesystem specific.
2232 You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
2242 /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
2243 proc on /proc type proc (rw)
2244 devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
2245 $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
2246 $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
2255 Usage: mt [OPTION] OPCODE VALUE
2259 Control magnetic tape drive operation.
2268 -f DEVICE Control DEVICE
2277 Usage: mv SOURCE DEST
2282 or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
2287 Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
2296 $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
2309 Open a pipe to HOST:PORT.
2318 $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
2319 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
2321 214-Commands supported:
2322 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
2323 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
2325 221 foobar closing connection
2330 <sect1 id="nslookup">
2331 <title>nslookup</title>
2334 Usage: nslookup [HOST]
2338 Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given
2348 $ nslookup localhost
2362 Usage: ping [OPTION]... HOST
2366 Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to HOST.
2375 -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings
2376 -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56)
2377 -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start and when finished
2388 PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
2389 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
2391 --- debian ping statistics ---
2392 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
2393 round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
2398 <sect1 id="poweroff">
2399 <title>poweroff</title>
2406 Shut down the system, and request that the kernel turn
2407 off power upon halting.
2412 <title>printf</title>
2415 Usage: printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
2419 Format and print the given data in a manner similar to
2420 the C printf command.
2429 $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
2443 Report process status. This version of ps accepts no
2463 PID Uid Gid State Command
2465 2 root root S [kflushd]
2466 3 root root S [kupdate]
2467 4 root root S [kpiod]
2468 5 root root S [kswapd]
2469 742 andersen andersen S [bash]
2470 743 andersen andersen S -bash
2471 745 root root S [getty]
2472 2990 andersen andersen R ps
2485 Print the full filename of the current working
2502 <title>rdate</title>
2505 Usage: rdate [OPTION] HOST
2509 Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST.
2518 -s Set the system date and time (default).
2519 -p Print the date and time.
2525 <title>reboot</title>
2537 <title>renice</title>
2540 Usage: renice priority pid [pid ...]
2544 Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range
2545 from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0
2546 (default priority) to -20 (almost nothing else ever gets to run).
2551 <title>reset</title>
2566 Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
2570 Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to
2571 indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
2580 -f Remove existing destinations, never prompt
2581 -r or -R Remove the contents of directories recursively
2597 <title>rmdir</title>
2600 Usage: rmdir DIRECTORY...
2604 Remove DIRECTORY(s) if they are empty.
2619 <title>rmmod</title>
2622 Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
2626 Unload MODULE(s) from the kernel.
2635 -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules
2654 Usage: sed [OPTION]... SCRIPT [FILE]...
2658 Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:
2673 NUMBER Match specified line number
2675 /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp
2680 ! inverts the meaning of the match
2689 s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
2690 which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
2691 and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.
2693 which appends TEXT after the pattern space
2698 This version of sed matches full regular expressions.
2707 -e Add the script to the commands to be executed
2708 -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
2718 $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
2724 <sect1 id="setkeycodes">
2725 <title>setkeycodes</title>
2728 Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
2732 Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
2733 allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
2737 SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and
2738 KEYCODE is given in decimal.
2747 $ setkeycodes e030 127
2761 lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
2765 This command does not yet have proper documentation.
2769 Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It
2770 properly handles pipes, redirects, job control, can be
2771 used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), and has a
2772 sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does
2773 not (yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need
2774 things like ``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use
2775 ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and
2776 extremely small shell, this will do the job.
2781 <title>sleep</title>
2788 Pause for N seconds.
2798 [2 second delay results]
2807 Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
2811 Sort lines of text in FILE(s).
2820 -n Compare numerically
2821 -r Reverse after sorting
2831 $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
2842 <sect1 id="swapoff">
2843 <title>swapoff</title>
2846 Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [DEVICE]
2850 Stop swapping virtual memory pages on DEVICE.
2859 -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
2865 <title>swapon</title>
2868 Usage: swapon [OPTION] [DEVICE]
2872 Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
2881 -a Start swapping on all swap devices
2894 Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
2898 <sect1 id="syslogd">
2899 <title>syslogd</title>
2902 Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...
2906 Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging
2907 utility. Note that this version of syslogd/klogd ignores
2917 -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
2918 -n Run as a foreground process
2919 -K Do not start up the klogd process
2920 -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
2921 -R HOST[:PORT] Log messages to HOST on PORT (default=514) over UDP.
2931 $ syslogd -R masterlog:514
2932 $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601
2941 Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...
2945 Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
2946 With more than one FILE, precede each with a header
2947 giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -,
2957 -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of last 10
2958 -f Output data as the file grows. This version
2959 of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.
2969 $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
2979 Usage: tar [MODE] [OPTION] [FILE]...
2987 MODE may be chosen from
3004 f FILE Use FILE for tarfile (or stdin if '-')
3006 exclude FILE File to exclude
3007 v List files processed
3017 $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
3018 $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
3027 Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
3031 Copy stdin to FILE(s), and also to stdout.
3040 -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
3050 $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
3059 <title>telnet</title>
3062 Usage: telnet HOST [PORT]
3066 Establish interactive communication with another
3067 computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.
3072 <title>test, [</title>
3075 Usage: test EXPRESSION
3083 Check file types and compare values returning an exit
3084 code determined by the value of EXPRESSION.
3110 <title>touch</title>
3113 Usage: touch [OPTION]... FILE...
3117 Update the last-modified date on (or create) FILE(s).
3126 -c Do not create files
3137 /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
3140 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
3149 Usage: tr [OPTION]... STRING1 [STRING2]
3153 Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from stdin,
3163 -c Take complement of STRING1
3164 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1
3165 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
3175 $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
3189 Return an exit code of TRUE (1).
3213 Print the file name of the terminal connected to stdin.
3222 -s Print nothing, only return an exit status
3239 <title>umount</title>
3242 Usage: umount [OPTION]... DEVICE|DIRECTORY
3255 -a Unmount all file systems
3256 -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
3257 -f Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
3258 -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
3274 <title>uname</title>
3277 Usage: uname [OPTION]...
3281 Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same
3291 -a Print all information
3292 -m Print the machine (hardware) type
3293 -n Print the machine's network node hostname
3294 -r Print the operating system release
3295 -s Print the operating system name
3296 -p Print the host processor type
3297 -v Print the operating system version
3308 Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
3317 Usage: uniq [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
3321 Discard all but one of successive identical lines from
3322 INPUT (or stdin), writing to OUTPUT (or stdout).
3331 $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
3340 <title>update</title>
3343 Usage: update [OPTION]...
3347 Periodically flush filesystem buffers.
3356 -S Force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
3357 -s SECS Call sync this often (default 30)
3358 -f SECS Flush some buffers this often (default 5)
3364 <title>uptime</title>
3371 Display how long the system has been running since boot.
3381 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
3387 <title>usleep</title>
3394 Pause for N microseconds.
3404 [pauses for 1 second]
3409 <sect1 id="uudecode">
3410 <title>uudecode</title>
3413 Usage: uudecode [OPTION] [FILE]
3417 Uudecode a uuencoded file.
3426 -o FILE Direct output to FILE
3436 $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
3438 -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
3443 <sect1 id="uuencode">
3444 <title>uuencode</title>
3447 Usage: uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] OUTFILE
3460 -m Use base64 encoding as of RFC1521
3470 $ uuencode busybox busybox
3472 M?T5,1@$!`0````````````(``P`!````L+@$"#0```!0N@,``````#0`(``&
3474 $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
3484 Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
3488 Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a
3489 total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no
3499 -c Print the byte counts
3500 -l Print the newline counts
3501 -L Print the length of the longest line
3502 -w Print the word counts
3513 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
3519 <title>which</title>
3522 Usage: which [COMMAND]...
3542 <title>whoami</title>
3549 Print the user name associated with the current
3569 Usage: yes [STRING]...
3573 Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s),
3582 Usage: zcat [OPTION]... FILE
3586 Uncompress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-') to stdout.
3595 -t Test compressed file integrity
3610 <chapter id="LIBC-NSS">
3611 <title>LIBC NSS</title>
3614 GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
3615 behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to
3616 configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group
3617 information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it will never use
3618 NSS, and will never use libc calls that make use of NSS. This
3619 allows you to run an embedded system without the need for
3620 installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without /lib/libnss_*
3621 libraries installed.
3625 If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for
3626 authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox,
3627 then you will need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are
3628 though, that if you have enough space to install of that stuff
3629 on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities.
3633 <chapter id="SEE-ALSO">
3634 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
3637 <literal>textutils(1),</literal>
3638 <literal>shellutils(1),</literal>
3643 <chapter id="MAINTAINER">
3644 <title>MAINTAINER</title>
3647 Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com>
3651 <chapter id="AUTHORS">
3652 <title>AUTHORS</title>
3655 The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether
3656 they know it or not.
3660 Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>
3664 John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>
3668 Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
3672 Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
3676 Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
3680 Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
3684 John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
3688 Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>
3692 Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com>
3696 Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
3700 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
3704 Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
3708 Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
3711 </book> <!-- End of the book -->