5 BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
9 BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or
11 <function> [arguments...] # if symlinked
15 BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single
16 small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities
17 you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip,
18 tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small
19 or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than
20 their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
21 the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.
23 BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind.
24 It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or
25 features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded
26 systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a shell (such as ash),
27 and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae).
31 When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when BusyBox
32 is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself has been invoked.
39 will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
42 You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the
43 command line. For example, entering
47 will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
51 Most BusyBox commands support the B<-h> option to provide a
52 terse runtime description of their behavior.
56 Currently defined functions include:
58 adjtimex, ar, basename, busybox, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear,
59 cmp, cp, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg,
60 dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dutmp, echo, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free,
61 freeramdisk, fsck.minix, getopt, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid,
62 hostname, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, length, ln,
63 loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum,
64 mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nc,
65 nslookup, ping, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, reboot,
66 renice, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpmunpack, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sleep,
67 sort, stty, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp,
68 touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, unix2dos, update, uptime, usleep,
69 uudecode, uuencode, watchdog, wc, wget, which, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, [
75 adjtimex [B<-q>] [B<-o> offset] [B<-f> frequency] [B<-p> timeconstant] [B<-t> tick]
77 Reads and optionally sets system timebase parameters.
82 -q quiet mode - do not print
83 -o offset time offset, microseconds
84 -f frequency frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
85 (positive values make the system clock run fast)
86 -t tick microseconds per tick, usually 10000
89 -------------------------------
93 ar -[ovR]{ptx} archive filenames
95 Extract or list files from an ar archive.
99 -o preserve original dates
103 -v verbosely list files processed
106 -------------------------------
110 basename FILE [SUFFIX]
112 Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE.
113 If specified, also removes any trailing SUFFIX.
117 $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
119 $ basename /usr/local/bin/
121 $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
124 -------------------------------
130 Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to stdout.
137 -------------------------------
141 chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
143 Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.
147 -R Changes files and directories recursively.
152 -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
153 $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
155 -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
157 -------------------------------
161 chmod [B<-R>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
163 Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the
164 symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst.
168 -R Changes files and directories recursively.
173 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
176 -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
179 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
181 -------------------------------
185 chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
187 Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
191 -R Changes files and directories recursively.
196 -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
197 $ chown root /tmp/foo
199 -r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
200 $ chown root.root /tmp/foo
202 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
204 -------------------------------
208 chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]
210 Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
215 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
216 $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
219 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls*
221 -------------------------------
227 Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
229 -------------------------------
237 -------------------------------
245 -------------------------------
249 cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
251 Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
255 -p Preserves file attributes if possible
256 -f force (implied; ignored) - always set
257 -R Copies directories recursively
259 -------------------------------
263 cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...
265 Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.
269 -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
270 -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
271 -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
272 -s Output only the lines containing delimiter
273 -f N Print only these fields
278 $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' '
280 $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' '
283 -------------------------------
287 date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
289 Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date.
293 -R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
294 -d STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
295 -s Sets time described by STRING
296 -u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time
301 Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000
303 -------------------------------
309 This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the
310 following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor.
311 i.e. 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, and 'dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /' -> 16
323 $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
326 -------------------------------
330 dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
331 [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|sync]
333 Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options
335 if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
336 of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
337 bs=N read and write N bytes at a time
338 count=N copy only N input blocks
339 skip=N skip N input blocks
340 seek=N skip N output blocks
341 conv=notrunc don't truncate output file
342 conv=sync pad blocks with zeros
344 Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024),
345 MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824).
349 $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
353 -------------------------------
359 Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
361 -------------------------------
365 df [B<-hmk>] [filesystem ...]
367 Print the filesystem space used and space available.
371 -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
372 -m print sizes in megabytes
373 -k print sizes in kilobytes(default)
378 Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
379 /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
380 /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
382 Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
383 /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
385 -------------------------------
389 dirname [FILENAME ...]
391 Strips non-directory suffix from FILENAME
400 -------------------------------
404 dmesg [B<-c>] [B<-n> LEVEL] [B<-s> SIZE]
406 Prints or controls the kernel ring buffer
410 -c Clears the ring buffer's contents after printing
411 -n LEVEL Sets console logging level
412 -s SIZE Use a buffer of size SIZE
414 -------------------------------
418 dos2unix [option] [file]
420 Converts a text file to/from dos format to unix format.
424 -u output will be in UNIX format
425 -d output will be in DOS format
427 - when no option is given then input format will be automaticaly detected
429 and converted to the oposite format on output
430 - when no file is given, then stdin is used as input and stdout as output
432 -------------------------------
436 dpkg [B<-i>|B<-r>|-B<-unpack>|-B<-configure>] my.deb
438 WORK IN PROGRESS, only usefull for debian-installer
440 -------------------------------
444 dpkg_deb [B<-cefItxX>] file [argument]
446 Perform actions on debian packages (.debs)
450 -c List contents of filesystem tree
451 -e Extract control files to [argument] directory
452 -f Display control field name starting with [argument]
453 -I Display the control filenamed [argument]
454 -t Extract filesystem tree to stdout in tar format
455 -x Exctract packages filesystem tree to directory
460 $ dpkg-deb -X ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb /tmp
462 -------------------------------
466 du [B<-lshmk>] [FILE]...
468 Summarizes disk space used for each FILE and/or directory.
469 Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.
473 -l count sizes many times if hard linked
474 -s display only a total for each argument
475 -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
476 -m print sizes in megabytes
477 -k print sizes in kilobytes(default)
483 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
493 -------------------------------
499 Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output.
505 -------------------------------
511 Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE
512 or stdin to stdout. (i.e. 'dutmp /var/run/utmp')
516 $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
517 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
518 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
519 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
520 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
521 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
522 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
523 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
525 -------------------------------
529 echo [B<-neE>] [ARG ...]
531 Prints the specified ARGs to stdout
535 -n suppress trailing newline
536 -e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
537 -E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
541 $ echo "Erik is cool"
543 $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
554 -------------------------------
558 env [-] [B<-iu>] [name=value ...] [command]
560 Prints the current environment or runs a program after setting
561 up the specified environment.
565 -, -i start with an empty environment
566 -u remove variable from the environment
568 -------------------------------
574 Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.
578 ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
579 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
580 ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
581 ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
582 ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
583 ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
584 ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
585 ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
586 ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
587 ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
588 ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
589 ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
590 ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
591 STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
592 match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
593 substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
594 index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found,
596 length STRING length of STRING
597 quote TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
598 it is a keyword like `match' or an
600 ( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
602 Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
603 Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
604 lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
605 \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
606 of characters matched or 0.
608 -------------------------------
614 Return an exit code of FALSE (1).
622 -------------------------------
626 fbset [options] [mode]
628 Show and modify frame buffer settings
634 # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
635 geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
636 timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
638 rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
641 -------------------------------
647 Forces floppy disk drive to detect disk change
649 -------------------------------
653 find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
655 Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is
656 the current directory; default EXPRESSION is 'B<-print>'
658 EXPRESSION may consist of:
660 -follow Dereference symbolic links.
661 -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
662 -print Print (default and assumed).
664 -type X Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
665 -perm PERMS Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN);
667 -mtime TIME Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N);
672 $ find / -name /etc/passwd
675 -------------------------------
681 Displays the amount of free and used system memory
686 total used free shared buffers
687 Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
688 Swap: 128516 8404 120112
689 Total: 386144 257128 129016
691 -------------------------------
697 Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk.
701 $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
703 -------------------------------
707 fsck_minix [B<-larvsmf>] /dev/name
709 Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.
713 -l Lists all filenames
714 -r Perform interactive repairs
715 -a Perform automatic repairs
717 -s Outputs super-block information
718 -m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
719 -f Force file system check.
721 -------------------------------
727 Parse command options
729 -a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single -
730 -l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized
731 -n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported
732 -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized
733 -q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
734 -Q, --quiet-output No normal output
735 -s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions
736 -T, --test Test for getopt(1) version
737 -u, --unqote Do not quote the output
743 GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
744 -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"`
745 if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi
746 eval set -- "$GETOPT"
749 -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
750 -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
753 "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
754 *) echo "Option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
757 *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
761 -------------------------------
765 grep [B<-ihHnqvs>] pattern [files...]
767 Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
771 -H prefix output lines with filename where match was found
772 -h suppress the prefixing filename on output
773 -i ignore case distinctions
774 -l list names of files that match
775 -n print line number with output lines
776 -q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
777 -v select non-matching lines
778 -s suppress file open/read error messages
782 $ grep root /etc/passwd
783 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
784 $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
785 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
787 -------------------------------
791 gunzip [OPTION]... FILE
793 Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').
797 -c Write output to standard output
798 -t Test compressed file integrity
802 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
803 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
804 $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
805 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
806 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
808 -------------------------------
812 gzip [OPTION]... FILE
814 Compress FILE with maximum compression.
815 When FILE is '-', reads standard input. Implies B<-c>.
819 -c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz
824 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
825 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
826 $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
827 $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
828 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
830 -------------------------------
838 -------------------------------
842 head [OPTION] [FILE]...
844 Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
845 With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
846 file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
850 -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
854 $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
855 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
856 daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
858 -------------------------------
864 Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine.
866 -------------------------------
870 hostname [OPTION] {hostname | B<-F> file}
872 Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given
873 (or a file with the B<-F> parameter), the host name will be set.
878 -i Addresses for the hostname
880 -F, --file FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
887 -------------------------------
891 id [OPTIONS]... [USERNAME]
893 Print information for USERNAME or the current user
897 -g prints only the group ID
898 -u prints only the user ID
899 -n print a name instead of a number (with for -ug)
900 -r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)
905 uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)
907 -------------------------------
911 ifconfig [B<-a>] <interface> [<address>]
913 configure a network interface
917 [[-]broadcast [<address>]] [[-]pointopoint [<address>]]
918 [netmask <address>] [dstaddr <address>]
919 [outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>]
920 [hw ether <address>] [metric <NN>] [mtu <NN>]
921 [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
922 [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen <NN>] [[-]dynamic]
923 [mem_start <NN>] [io_addr <NN>] [irq <NN>]
926 -------------------------------
932 Init is the parent of all processes.
934 This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.
936 BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of
937 the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want
938 runlevels, use sysvinit.
940 BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found,
941 it has the following default behavior:
943 ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
945 ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
946 ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
947 ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
949 if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also run:
951 tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
952 tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh
953 tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh
955 If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows:
957 <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
961 WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
962 The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
963 the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are
964 appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to
965 be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this
966 field is left blank, the controlling tty is set to the console. Also
967 note that if BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then only
968 entries whose controlling tty is either the serial console or /dev/null
969 will be run. BusyBox init does nothing with utmp. We don't need no
974 The runlevels field is completely ignored.
978 Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,
979 once, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown.
981 The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions
982 that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified
985 Run only-once actions:
987 'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all
988 sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the
989 completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run.
990 'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until
991 the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asyncronous,
992 therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'ctrlaltdel'
993 actions are run when the system detects that someone on the system
994 console has pressed the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination. Typically one
995 wants to run 'reboot' at this point to cause the system to reboot.
996 Finally the 'shutdown' action specifies the actions to taken when
997 init is told to reboot. Unmounting filesystems and disabling swap
1000 Run repeatedly actions:
1002 'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process
1003 started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts
1004 it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from
1005 respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like
1006 respawn, except that before running the specified process it
1007 displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console."
1008 and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the
1011 Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an
1012 error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are
1013 run in the reverse order from how they appear in /etc/inittab.
1017 Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.
1019 Example /etc/inittab file:
1021 # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
1023 ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
1025 # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
1027 # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
1029 # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4
1030 tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
1031 tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh
1032 tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh
1034 # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
1036 tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
1037 tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6
1040 # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
1042 #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
1043 #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
1045 # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
1046 #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2
1048 # Stuff to do before rebooting
1049 ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
1050 ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
1051 ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
1054 -------------------------------
1058 insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...
1060 Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel.
1064 -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
1065 -k Make module autoclean-able.
1067 -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module
1068 -x do not export externs
1070 -------------------------------
1074 kill [B<-signal>] process-id [process-id ...]
1076 Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).
1080 -l List all signal names and numbers.
1085 252 root root S [apache]
1086 263 www-data www-data S [apache]
1087 264 www-data www-data S [apache]
1088 265 www-data www-data S [apache]
1089 266 www-data www-data S [apache]
1090 267 www-data www-data S [apache]
1093 -------------------------------
1097 killall [B<-signal>] process-name [process-name ...]
1099 Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).
1103 -l List all signal names and numbers.
1109 -------------------------------
1118 -n Run as a foreground process.
1120 -------------------------------
1126 Prints out the length of the specified STRING.
1133 -------------------------------
1137 ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY
1139 Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET
1141 You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
1145 -s make symbolic links instead of hard links
1146 -f remove existing destination files
1147 -n no dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
1151 $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
1153 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*
1155 -------------------------------
1161 Loads an acm from standard input.
1165 $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname
1167 -------------------------------
1173 Loads a console font from standard input.
1177 $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname
1179 -------------------------------
1185 Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input.
1189 $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap
1191 -------------------------------
1195 logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]
1197 Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.
1201 -s Log to stderr as well as the system log.
1202 -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
1203 -p Enter the message with the specified priority.
1204 This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.
1210 -------------------------------
1216 Print the name of the current user.
1223 -------------------------------
1229 Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer).
1231 -------------------------------
1235 ls [B<-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk>] [filenames...]
1237 List directory contents
1241 -1 list files in a single column
1242 -A do not list implied . and ..
1243 -a do not hide entries starting with .
1244 -C list entries by columns
1245 -c with -l: show ctime
1246 -d list directory entries instead of contents
1247 -e list both full date and full time
1248 -F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
1249 -i list the i-node for each file
1250 -l use a long listing format
1251 -n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
1252 -p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
1253 -L list entries pointed to by symbolic links
1254 -R list subdirectories recursively
1255 -r sort the listing in reverse order
1256 -S sort the listing by file size
1257 -s list the size of each file, in blocks
1258 -T NUM assume Tabstop every NUM columns
1259 -t with -l: show modification time
1260 -u with -l: show access time
1261 -v sort the listing by version
1262 -w NUM assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
1263 -x list entries by lines instead of by columns
1264 -X sort the listing by extension
1265 -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
1266 -k print sizes in kilobytes(default)
1268 -------------------------------
1274 List the currently loaded kernel modules.
1276 -------------------------------
1280 makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]
1282 Creates a range of block or character special files
1286 b: Make a block (buffered) device.
1287 c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
1288 p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.
1290 FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device.
1291 LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created.
1292 If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as well.
1296 makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 -> ttyS2-ttyS63
1297 makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s -> hda,hda1-hda8
1301 $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
1302 [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
1303 $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
1304 [creates hda,hda1-hda8]
1306 -------------------------------
1310 md5sum [OPTION] [FILE]...
1311 or: md5sum [OPTION] B<-c> [FILE]
1313 Print or check MD5 checksums.
1316 With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
1318 -b read files in binary mode
1319 -c check MD5 sums against given list
1320 -t read files in text mode (default)
1323 The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:
1325 -s don't output anything, status code shows success
1326 -w warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines
1331 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003
1333 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
1335 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
1339 -------------------------------
1343 mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...
1345 Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist
1349 -m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
1350 -p no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
1356 /tmp/foo: File exists
1357 $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
1358 /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
1359 $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
1361 -------------------------------
1365 mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
1367 Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
1371 -m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)
1373 -------------------------------
1377 mkfs_minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks]
1379 Make a MINIX filesystem.
1383 -c Check the device for bad blocks
1384 -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
1385 -i INODES Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
1386 -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
1387 -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
1389 -------------------------------
1393 mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
1395 Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).
1399 -m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
1403 b: Make a block (buffered) device.
1404 c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
1405 p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.
1409 $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
1410 $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p
1412 -------------------------------
1416 mkswap [B<-c>] [B<-v0>|B<-v1>] device [block-count]
1418 Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.
1422 -c Check for read-ability.
1423 -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
1424 -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels >
1426 block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
1428 -------------------------------
1432 mktemp [B<-q>] TEMPLATE
1434 Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE.
1435 TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).
1439 $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
1441 $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
1442 -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
1444 -------------------------------
1450 More is a filter for viewing FILE one screenful at a time.
1456 -------------------------------
1460 mount [flags] device directory [B<-o> options,more-options]
1466 -a: Mount all filesystems in fstab.
1467 -f: "Fake" Add entry to mount table but don't mount it.
1468 -n: Don't write a mount table entry.
1469 -o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below.
1470 -r: Mount the filesystem read-only.
1471 -t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type.
1472 -w: Mount for reading and writing (default).
1474 Options for use with the "B<-o>" flag:
1476 async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
1477 atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
1478 dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
1479 exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
1480 loop: Mounts a file via loop device.
1481 suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
1482 remount: Re-mount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
1483 ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write.
1485 There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
1486 You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
1491 /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
1492 proc on /proc type proc (rw)
1493 devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
1494 $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
1495 $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
1497 -------------------------------
1501 mt [B<-f> device] opcode value
1503 Control magnetic tape drive operation
1507 bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase
1508 fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2
1509 ras3 reset retension rew rewoffline seek setblk setdensity
1510 setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
1512 -------------------------------
1517 or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
1519 Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
1523 $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
1525 -------------------------------
1531 Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port
1535 $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
1536 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
1538 214-Commands supported:
1539 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
1540 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
1542 221 foobar closing connection
1544 -------------------------------
1550 Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
1554 $ nslookup localhost
1561 -------------------------------
1565 ping [OPTION]... host
1567 Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
1571 -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings.
1572 -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).
1573 -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start
1579 PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
1580 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
1582 --- debian ping statistics ---
1583 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
1584 round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
1586 -------------------------------
1590 pivot_root new_root put_old
1592 Move the current root file system to put_old and make new_root
1593 the new root file system.
1595 -------------------------------
1601 Halt the system and request that the kernel shut off the power.
1603 -------------------------------
1607 printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]
1609 Formats and prints ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT,
1610 Where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf.
1614 $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
1617 -------------------------------
1623 Report process status
1625 This version of ps accepts no options.
1630 PID Uid Gid State Command
1632 2 root root S [kflushd]
1633 3 root root S [kupdate]
1634 4 root root S [kpiod]
1635 5 root root S [kswapd]
1636 742 andersen andersen S [bash]
1637 743 andersen andersen S -bash
1638 745 root root S [getty]
1639 2990 andersen andersen R ps
1641 -------------------------------
1647 Print the full filename of the current working directory.
1654 -------------------------------
1660 Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST.
1664 -s Set the system date and time (default).
1665 -p Print the date and time.
1667 -------------------------------
1673 Read a symbolic link.
1675 -------------------------------
1683 -------------------------------
1687 renice priority pid [pid ...]
1689 Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range
1690 from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0
1691 (default priority) to B<-20> (almost nothing else ever gets to run).
1693 -------------------------------
1701 -------------------------------
1705 rm [OPTION]... FILE...
1707 Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to
1708 indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
1712 -i always prompt before removing each destinations
1713 -f remove existing destinations, never prompt
1714 -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively
1720 -------------------------------
1724 rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
1726 Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
1732 -------------------------------
1736 rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
1738 Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.
1742 -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules.
1748 -------------------------------
1752 route [{add|del|flush}]
1754 Edit the kernel's routing tables
1756 -------------------------------
1760 rpmunpack < package.rpm | gunzip | cpio B<-idmuv>
1762 Extracts an rpm archive.
1764 -------------------------------
1768 sed [B<-Vhnef>] pattern [files...]
1772 -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space
1773 -e script add the script to the commands to be executed
1774 -f scriptfile add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed
1775 -h display this help message
1777 If no B<-e> or B<-f> is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the
1778 sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input
1779 files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read.
1783 $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
1786 -------------------------------
1788 =item B<setkeycodes>
1790 setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
1792 Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
1793 allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
1795 SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal),
1796 and KEYCODE is given in decimal
1800 $ setkeycodes e030 127
1802 -------------------------------
1807 or: sh B<-c> command [args]...
1809 lash: The BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
1811 This command does not yet have proper documentation.
1813 Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes,
1814 redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts, and has a
1815 sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not (yet) support
1816 Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like "if-then-else", "while", and such
1817 use ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and extremely small shell,
1818 this will do the job.
1820 -------------------------------
1826 Pause for N seconds.
1831 [2 second delay results]
1833 -------------------------------
1837 sort [B<-nru>] [FILE]...
1839 Sorts lines of text in the specified files
1843 -u suppress duplicate lines
1844 -r sort in reverse order
1849 $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
1857 -------------------------------
1861 stty [B<-a>|g] [B<-F> device] [SETTING]...
1863 Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline,
1864 and deviations from stty sane.
1868 -F device open device instead of stdin
1869 -a print all current settings in human-readable form
1870 -g print in stty-readable form
1871 [SETTING] see documentation
1873 -------------------------------
1877 swapoff [OPTION] [device]
1879 Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
1883 -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
1885 -------------------------------
1889 swapon [OPTION] [device]
1891 Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
1895 -a Start swapping on all swap devices
1897 -------------------------------
1903 Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
1905 -------------------------------
1911 Linux system and kernel logging utility.
1912 Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
1916 -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
1917 -n Run as a foreground process
1918 -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
1919 -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
1920 -L Log locally and via network logging (default is network only)
1924 $ syslogd -R masterlog:514
1925 $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601
1927 -------------------------------
1931 tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
1933 Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
1934 With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
1935 file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
1939 -c N[kbm] output the last N bytes
1940 -n N[kbm] print last N lines instead of last 10
1941 -f output data as the file grows
1942 -q never output headers giving file names
1943 -s SEC wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
1944 -v always output headers giving file names
1946 If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with
1947 the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items
1948 in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).
1952 $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
1955 -------------------------------
1959 tar -[cxtvO] [-B<-exclude> File] [B<-X> File][B<-f> tarFile] [FILE(s)] ...
1961 Create, extract, or list files from a tar file.
1963 Main operation mode:
1971 f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
1973 exclude file to exclude
1974 X file with names to exclude
1978 v verbosely list files processed
1982 $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
1983 $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
1985 -------------------------------
1989 tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
1991 Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
1995 -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
1999 $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
2003 -------------------------------
2009 Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another
2010 computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.
2012 -------------------------------
2019 Checks file types and compares values returning an exit
2020 code determined by the value of EXPRESSION.
2037 -------------------------------
2041 tftp command SOURCE DEST
2043 Transfers a file from/to a tftp server using "octet" mode.
2047 get Get file from server SOURCE and store to local DEST.
2048 put Put local file SOURCE to server DEST.
2050 When naming a server, use the syntax "server:file".
2052 -------------------------------
2056 touch [B<-c>] file [file ...]
2058 Update the last-modified date on the given file[s].
2062 -c Do not create any files
2067 /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
2070 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
2072 -------------------------------
2076 tr [B<-cds>] STRING1 [STRING2]
2078 Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from
2079 standard input, writing to standard output.
2083 -c take complement of STRING1
2084 -d delete input characters coded STRING1
2085 -s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
2089 $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
2092 -------------------------------
2098 Return an exit code of TRUE (0).
2106 -------------------------------
2112 Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
2116 -s print nothing, only return an exit status
2123 -------------------------------
2127 umount [flags] filesystem|directory
2129 Unmount file systems
2133 -a Unmount all file systems in /etc/mtab
2134 -n Don't erase /etc/mtab entries
2135 -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
2136 -f Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
2137 -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
2143 -------------------------------
2149 Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as B<-s>.
2153 -a print all information
2154 -m the machine (hardware) type
2155 -n print the machine's network node hostname
2156 -r print the operating system release
2157 -s print the operating system name
2158 -p print the host processor type
2159 -v print the operating system version
2164 Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
2166 -------------------------------
2170 uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
2172 Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT
2173 (or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
2177 -c prefix lines by the number of occurrences
2178 -d only print duplicate lines
2179 -u only print unique lines
2183 $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
2188 -------------------------------
2192 unix2dos [option] [file]
2194 See 'dos2unix -B<-help>' for help!
2196 -------------------------------
2202 Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.
2206 -S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
2207 -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
2208 -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)
2210 -------------------------------
2216 Display the time since the last boot.
2221 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
2223 -------------------------------
2229 Pause for N microseconds.
2234 [pauses for 1 second]
2236 -------------------------------
2242 Uudecode a file that is uuencoded.
2246 -o FILE direct output to FILE
2250 $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
2252 -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
2254 -------------------------------
2258 uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE
2264 -m use base64 encoding as of RFC1521
2268 $ uuencode busybox busybox
2270 <encoded file snipped>
2271 $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
2274 -------------------------------
2278 vi [OPTION] [FILE]...
2284 -R Read-only- do not write to the file.
2286 -------------------------------
2292 Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
2294 -------------------------------
2298 wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
2300 Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if
2301 more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.
2305 -c print the byte counts
2306 -l print the newline counts
2307 -L print the length of the longest line
2308 -w print the word counts
2313 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
2315 -------------------------------
2319 wget [B<-c>] [B<-q>] [B<-O> file] url
2321 wget retrieves files via HTTP or FTP
2325 -c continue retrieval of aborted transfers
2326 -q quiet mode - do not print
2327 -O save to filename ('-' for stdout)
2329 -------------------------------
2342 -------------------------------
2348 Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id.
2350 -------------------------------
2354 xargs [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
2356 Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input.
2361 $ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm
2363 -------------------------------
2367 yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...
2369 Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'.
2371 -------------------------------
2377 Uncompress to stdout.
2379 -------------------------------
2385 GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C
2386 library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data,
2387 such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it
2388 will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that make use of NSS.
2389 This allows you to run an embedded system without the need for installing an
2390 /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* libraries installed.
2392 If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for authentication
2393 via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will need to adjust the
2394 BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have enough space to install
2395 of that stuff on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities.
2399 textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc...
2403 Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com>
2407 The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether
2408 they know it or not.
2413 Erik Andersen <andersen@lineo.com>, <andersee@debian.org>
2415 Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
2416 core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
2420 John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>
2422 du, head, nslookup, sort, tee, uniq (so Kraai could rewrite them ;-),
2427 Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
2429 expr, hostid, logname, tty, wc, whoami, yes
2433 Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
2439 Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
2441 fbset, ping, hostname, and mkfifo
2445 Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
2447 more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
2448 various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
2452 Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
2454 various fixes, shell rewrite
2458 Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
2460 cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
2464 Sterling Huxley <sterling@europa.com>
2470 Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
2476 Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu>
2478 documentation, bugfixes
2482 John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
2488 Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>
2494 Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
2496 cmdedit, stty-port, locale, various fixes
2497 and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
2501 Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
2503 Original author of BusyBox. His code is still in many apps.
2507 Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
2509 wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
2513 Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
2515 Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
2519 Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>
2521 Remote logging feature for syslogd
2525 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
2527 mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
2531 Mark Whitley <markw@lineo.com>
2533 sed remix, bug fixes, style-guide, etc.
2537 Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
2539 gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
2543 Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
2545 tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
2549 # $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.102 2001/04/17 23:57:23 beppu Exp $