1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 .. Copyright (c) 2018 Heinrich Schuchardt
7 The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Specification (UEFI) [1] has become
8 the default for booting on AArch64 and x86 systems. It provides a stable API for
9 the interaction of drivers and applications with the firmware. The API comprises
10 access to block storage, network, and console to name a few. The Linux kernel
11 and boot loaders like GRUB or the FreeBSD loader can be executed.
16 The implementation of UEFI in U-Boot strives to reach the requirements described
17 in the "Embedded Base Boot Requirements (EBBR) Specification - Release v1.0"
18 [2]. The "Server Base Boot Requirements System Software on ARM Platforms" [3]
19 describes a superset of the EBBR specification and may be used as further
22 A full blown UEFI implementation would contradict the U-Boot design principle
25 Building U-Boot for UEFI
26 ------------------------
28 The UEFI standard supports only little-endian systems. The UEFI support can be
29 activated for ARM and x86 by specifying::
36 Support for attaching virtual block devices, e.g. iSCSI drives connected by the
37 loaded UEFI application [4], requires::
42 Executing a UEFI binary
43 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
45 The bootefi command is used to start UEFI applications or to install UEFI
46 drivers. It takes two parameters::
48 bootefi <image address> [fdt address]
50 * image address - the memory address of the UEFI binary
51 * fdt address - the memory address of the flattened device tree
53 Below you find the output of an example session starting GRUB::
55 => load mmc 0:2 ${fdt_addr_r} boot/dtb
56 29830 bytes read in 14 ms (2 MiB/s)
57 => load mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} efi/debian/grubaa64.efi
58 reading efi/debian/grubaa64.efi
59 120832 bytes read in 7 ms (16.5 MiB/s)
60 => bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}
62 The environment variable 'bootargs' is passed as load options in the UEFI system
63 table. The Linux kernel EFI stub uses the load options as command line
66 Launching a UEFI binary from a FIT image
67 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
69 A signed FIT image can be used to securely boot a UEFI image via the
70 bootm command. This feature is available if U-Boot is configured with::
74 A sample configuration is provided as file doc/uImage.FIT/uefi.its.
76 Below you find the output of an example session starting GRUB::
78 => load mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} image.fit
79 4620426 bytes read in 83 ms (53.1 MiB/s)
80 => bootm ${kernel_addr_r}#config-grub-nofdt
81 ## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 40400000 ...
82 Using 'config-grub-nofdt' configuration
83 Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha256,rsa2048:dev+ OK
84 Trying 'efi-grub' kernel subimage
85 Description: GRUB EFI Firmware
86 Created: 2019-11-20 8:18:16 UTC
87 Type: Kernel Image (no loading done)
88 Compression: uncompressed
89 Data Start: 0x404000d0
90 Data Size: 450560 Bytes = 440 KiB
92 Hash value: 4dbee00021112df618f58b3f7cf5e1595533d543094064b9ce991e8b054a9eec
93 Verifying Hash Integrity ... sha256+ OK
94 XIP Kernel Image (no loading done)
95 ## Transferring control to EFI (at address 404000d0) ...
98 See doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt for an introduction to FIT images.
100 Executing the boot manager
101 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
103 The UEFI specification foresees to define boot entries and boot sequence via UEFI
104 variables. Booting according to these variables is possible via::
106 bootefi bootmgr [fdt address]
108 As of U-Boot v2018.03 UEFI variables are not persisted and cannot be set at
111 Executing the built in hello world application
112 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
114 A hello world UEFI application can be built with::
116 CONFIG_CMD_BOOTEFI_HELLO_COMPILE=y
118 It can be embedded into the U-Boot binary with::
120 CONFIG_CMD_BOOTEFI_HELLO=y
122 The bootefi command is used to start the embedded hello world application::
124 bootefi hello [fdt address]
126 Below you find the output of an example session::
128 => bootefi hello ${fdtcontroladdr}
129 ## Starting EFI application at 01000000 ...
130 WARNING: using memory device/image path, this may confuse some payloads!
135 Load options: root=/dev/sdb3 init=/sbin/init rootwait ro
136 ## Application terminated, r = 0
138 The environment variable fdtcontroladdr points to U-Boot's internal device tree
141 Executing the built-in self-test
142 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
144 An UEFI self-test suite can be embedded in U-Boot by building with::
146 CONFIG_CMD_BOOTEFI_SELFTEST=y
148 For testing the UEFI implementation the bootefi command can be used to start the
151 bootefi selftest [fdt address]
153 The environment variable 'efi_selftest' can be used to select a single test. If
154 it is not provided all tests are executed except those marked as 'on request'.
155 If the environment variable is set to 'list' a list of all tests is shown.
157 Below you can find the output of an example session::
159 => setenv efi_selftest simple network protocol
161 Testing EFI API implementation
162 Selected test: 'simple network protocol'
163 Setting up 'simple network protocol'
164 Setting up 'simple network protocol' succeeded
165 Executing 'simple network protocol'
167 DHCP reply received from 192.168.76.2 (52:55:c0:a8:4c:02)
168 as broadcast message.
169 Executing 'simple network protocol' succeeded
170 Tearing down 'simple network protocol'
171 Tearing down 'simple network protocol' succeeded
172 Boot services terminated
174 Preparing for reset. Press any key.
179 After the U-Boot platform has been initialized the UEFI API provides two kinds
185 The API can be extended by loading UEFI drivers which come in two variants:
190 UEFI drivers are installed with U-Boot's bootefi command. With the same command
191 UEFI applications can be executed.
193 Loaded images of UEFI drivers stay in memory after returning to U-Boot while
194 loaded images of applications are removed from memory.
196 An UEFI application (e.g. an operating system) that wants to take full control
197 of the system calls ExitBootServices. After a UEFI application calls
200 * boot services are not available anymore
201 * timer events are stopped
202 * the memory used by U-Boot except for runtime services is released
203 * the memory used by boot time drivers is released
205 So this is a point of no return. Afterwards the UEFI application can only return
206 to U-Boot by rebooting.
208 The UEFI object model
209 ---------------------
211 UEFI offers a flexible and expandable object model. The objects in the UEFI API
212 are devices, drivers, and loaded images. These objects are referenced by
215 The interfaces implemented by the objects are referred to as protocols. These
216 are identified by GUIDs. They can be installed and uninstalled by calling the
217 appropriate boot services.
219 Handles are created by the InstallProtocolInterface or the
220 InstallMultipleProtocolinterfaces service if NULL is passed as handle.
222 Handles are deleted when the last protocol has been removed with the
223 UninstallProtocolInterface or the UninstallMultipleProtocolInterfaces service.
225 Devices offer the EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL. A device path is the concatenation
226 of device nodes. By their device paths all devices of a system are arranged in a
229 Drivers offer the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL. This protocol is used to connect
230 a driver to devices (which are referenced as controllers in this context).
232 Loaded images offer the EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL. This protocol provides meta
233 information about the image and a pointer to the unload callback function.
238 In the UEFI terminology an event is a data object referencing a notification
239 function which is queued for calling when the event is signaled. The following
240 types of events exist:
242 * periodic and single shot timer events
243 * exit boot services events, triggered by calling the ExitBootServices() service
244 * virtual address change events
245 * memory map change events
246 * read to boot events
247 * reset system events
248 * system table events
249 * events that are only triggered programmatically
251 Events can be created with the CreateEvent service and deleted with CloseEvent
254 Events can be assigned to an event group. If any of the events in a group is
255 signaled, all other events in the group are also set to the signaled state.
257 The UEFI driver model
258 ---------------------
260 A driver is specific for a single protocol installed on a device. To install a
261 driver on a device the ConnectController service is called. In this context
262 controller refers to the device for which the driver is installed.
264 The relevant drivers are identified using the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL. This
265 protocol has has three functions:
267 * supported - determines if the driver is compatible with the device
268 * start - installs the driver by opening the relevant protocol with
269 attribute EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER
270 * stop - uninstalls the driver
272 The driver may create child controllers (child devices). E.g. a driver for block
273 IO devices will create the device handles for the partitions. The child
274 controllers will open the supported protocol with the attribute
275 EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_CHILD_CONTROLLER.
277 A driver can be detached from a device using the DisconnectController service.
279 U-Boot devices mapped as UEFI devices
280 -------------------------------------
282 Some of the U-Boot devices are mapped as UEFI devices
289 As of U-Boot 2018.03 the logic for doing this is hard coded.
291 The development target is to integrate the setup of these UEFI devices with the
292 U-Boot driver model [5]. So when a U-Boot device is discovered a handle should
293 be created and the device path protocol and the relevant IO protocol should be
294 installed. The UEFI driver then would be attached by calling ConnectController.
295 When a U-Boot device is removed DisconnectController should be called.
297 UEFI devices mapped as U-Boot devices
298 -------------------------------------
300 UEFI drivers binaries and applications may create new (virtual) devices, install
301 a protocol and call the ConnectController service. Now the matching UEFI driver
302 is determined by iterating over the implementations of the
303 EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL.
305 It is the task of the UEFI driver to create a corresponding U-Boot device and to
306 proxy calls for this U-Boot device to the controller.
308 In U-Boot 2018.03 this has only been implemented for block IO devices.
313 An UEFI uclass driver (lib/efi_driver/efi_uclass.c) has been created that
314 takes care of initializing the UEFI drivers and providing the
315 EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL implementation for the UEFI drivers.
317 A linker created list is used to keep track of the UEFI drivers. To create an
318 entry in the list the UEFI driver uses the U_BOOT_DRIVER macro specifying
319 UCLASS_EFI as the ID of its uclass, e.g::
321 /* Identify as UEFI driver */
322 U_BOOT_DRIVER(efi_block) = {
323 .name = "EFI block driver",
328 The available operations are defined via the structure struct efi_driver_ops::
330 struct efi_driver_ops {
331 const efi_guid_t *protocol;
332 const efi_guid_t *child_protocol;
333 int (*bind)(efi_handle_t handle, void *interface);
336 When the supported() function of the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL is called the
337 uclass checks if the protocol GUID matches the protocol GUID of the UEFI driver.
338 In the start() function the bind() function of the UEFI driver is called after
340 The stop() function of the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL disconnects the child
341 controllers created by the UEFI driver and the UEFI driver. (In U-Boot v2013.03
342 this is not yet completely implemented.)
347 The UEFI block IO driver supports devices exposing the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL.
349 When connected it creates a new U-Boot block IO device with interface type
350 IF_TYPE_EFI, adds child controllers mapping the partitions, and installs the
351 EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL on these. This can be used together with the
352 software iPXE to boot from iSCSI network drives [4].
354 This driver is only available if U-Boot is configured with::
365 The load file 2 protocol can be used by the Linux kernel to load the initial
366 RAM disk. U-Boot can be configured to provide an implementation with::
368 EFI_LOAD_FILE2_INITRD=y
369 EFI_INITRD_FILESPEC=interface dev:part path_to_initrd
374 * [1] http://uefi.org/specifications - UEFI specifications
375 * [2] https://github.com/ARM-software/ebbr/releases/download/v1.0/ebbr-v1.0.pdf -
376 Embedded Base Boot Requirements (EBBR) Specification - Release v1.0
377 * [3] https://developer.arm.com/docs/den0044/latest/server-base-boot-requirements-system-software-on-arm-platforms-version-11 -
378 Server Base Boot Requirements System Software on ARM Platforms - Version 1.1
380 * [5] :doc:`../driver-model/index`