26 [B<-attime timestamp>]
47 [B<-verify_depth num>]
48 [B<-verify_email email>]
49 [B<-verify_hostname hostname>]
51 [B<-verify_name name>]
56 [B<-inform SMIME|PEM|DER>]
58 [B<-inkey file_or_id>]
60 [B<-outform SMIME|PEM|DER>]
76 The B<smime> command handles S/MIME mail. It can encrypt, decrypt, sign and
77 verify S/MIME messages.
81 There are six operation options that set the type of operation to be performed.
82 The meaning of the other options varies according to the operation type.
88 Print out a usage message.
92 Encrypt mail for the given recipient certificates. Input file is the message
93 to be encrypted. The output file is the encrypted mail in MIME format.
95 Note that no revocation check is done for the recipient cert, so if that
96 key has been compromised, others may be able to decrypt the text.
100 Decrypt mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Expects an
101 encrypted mail message in MIME format for the input file. The decrypted mail
102 is written to the output file.
106 Sign mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Input file is
107 the message to be signed. The signed message in MIME format is written
112 Verify signed mail. Expects a signed mail message on input and outputs
113 the signed data. Both clear text and opaque signing is supported.
117 Takes an input message and writes out a PEM encoded PKCS#7 structure.
121 Resign a message: take an existing message and one or more new signers.
123 =item B<-in filename>
125 The input message to be encrypted or signed or the MIME message to
126 be decrypted or verified.
128 =item B<-inform SMIME|PEM|DER>
130 This specifies the input format for the PKCS#7 structure. The default
131 is B<SMIME> which reads an S/MIME format message. B<PEM> and B<DER>
132 format change this to expect PEM and DER format PKCS#7 structures
133 instead. This currently only affects the input format of the PKCS#7
134 structure, if no PKCS#7 structure is being input (for example with
135 B<-encrypt> or B<-sign>) this option has no effect.
137 =item B<-out filename>
139 The message text that has been decrypted or verified or the output MIME
140 format message that has been signed or verified.
142 =item B<-outform SMIME|PEM|DER>
144 This specifies the output format for the PKCS#7 structure. The default
145 is B<SMIME> which write an S/MIME format message. B<PEM> and B<DER>
146 format change this to write PEM and DER format PKCS#7 structures
147 instead. This currently only affects the output format of the PKCS#7
148 structure, if no PKCS#7 structure is being output (for example with
149 B<-verify> or B<-decrypt>) this option has no effect.
151 =item B<-stream -indef -noindef>
153 The B<-stream> and B<-indef> options are equivalent and enable streaming I/O
154 for encoding operations. This permits single pass processing of data without
155 the need to hold the entire contents in memory, potentially supporting very
156 large files. Streaming is automatically set for S/MIME signing with detached
157 data if the output format is B<SMIME> it is currently off by default for all
162 Disable streaming I/O where it would produce and indefinite length constructed
163 encoding. This option currently has no effect. In future streaming will be
164 enabled by default on all relevant operations and this option will disable it.
166 =item B<-content filename>
168 This specifies a file containing the detached content, this is only
169 useful with the B<-verify> command. This is only usable if the PKCS#7
170 structure is using the detached signature form where the content is
171 not included. This option will override any content if the input format
172 is S/MIME and it uses the multipart/signed MIME content type.
176 This option adds plain text (text/plain) MIME headers to the supplied
177 message if encrypting or signing. If decrypting or verifying it strips
178 off text headers: if the decrypted or verified message is not of MIME
179 type text/plain then an error occurs.
181 =item B<-CAfile file>
183 A file containing trusted CA certificates, only used with B<-verify>.
187 A directory containing trusted CA certificates, only used with
188 B<-verify>. This directory must be a standard certificate directory: that
189 is a hash of each subject name (using B<x509 -hash>) should be linked
194 Do not load the trusted CA certificates from the default file location.
198 Do not load the trusted CA certificates from the default directory location.
202 Digest algorithm to use when signing or resigning. If not present then the
203 default digest algorithm for the signing key will be used (usually SHA1).
207 The encryption algorithm to use. For example DES (56 bits) - B<-des>,
208 triple DES (168 bits) - B<-des3>,
209 EVP_get_cipherbyname() function) can also be used preceded by a dash, for
210 example B<-aes-128-cbc>. See L<B<enc>|enc(1)> for list of ciphers
211 supported by your version of OpenSSL.
213 If not specified triple DES is used. Only used with B<-encrypt>.
217 When verifying a message normally certificates (if any) included in
218 the message are searched for the signing certificate. With this option
219 only the certificates specified in the B<-certfile> option are used.
220 The supplied certificates can still be used as untrusted CAs however.
224 Do not verify the signers certificate of a signed message.
228 Do not do chain verification of signers certificates: that is don't
229 use the certificates in the signed message as untrusted CAs.
233 Don't try to verify the signatures on the message.
237 When signing a message the signer's certificate is normally included
238 with this option it is excluded. This will reduce the size of the
239 signed message but the verifier must have a copy of the signers certificate
240 available locally (passed using the B<-certfile> option for example).
244 Normally when a message is signed a set of attributes are included which
245 include the signing time and supported symmetric algorithms. With this
246 option they are not included.
250 Normally the input message is converted to "canonical" format which is
251 effectively using CR and LF as end of line: as required by the S/MIME
252 specification. When this option is present no translation occurs. This
253 is useful when handling binary data which may not be in MIME format.
257 Normally the output file uses a single B<LF> as end of line. When this
258 option is present B<CRLF> is used instead.
262 When signing a message use opaque signing: this form is more resistant
263 to translation by mail relays but it cannot be read by mail agents that
264 do not support S/MIME. Without this option cleartext signing with
265 the MIME type multipart/signed is used.
267 =item B<-certfile file>
269 Allows additional certificates to be specified. When signing these will
270 be included with the message. When verifying these will be searched for
271 the signers certificates. The certificates should be in PEM format.
273 =item B<-signer file>
275 A signing certificate when signing or resigning a message, this option can be
276 used multiple times if more than one signer is required. If a message is being
277 verified then the signers certificates will be written to this file if the
278 verification was successful.
282 The recipients certificate when decrypting a message. This certificate
283 must match one of the recipients of the message or an error occurs.
285 =item B<-inkey file_or_id>
287 The private key to use when signing or decrypting. This must match the
288 corresponding certificate. If this option is not specified then the
289 private key must be included in the certificate file specified with
290 the B<-recip> or B<-signer> file. When signing this option can be used
291 multiple times to specify successive keys.
292 If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file; if an engine is
293 specified, the argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.
297 The private key password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
298 see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
300 =item B<-rand file...>
302 A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
304 Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
305 The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for
308 =item [B<-writerand file>]
310 Writes random data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
311 This can be used with a subsequent B<-rand> flag.
315 One or more certificates of message recipients: used when encrypting
318 =item B<-to, -from, -subject>
320 The relevant mail headers. These are included outside the signed
321 portion of a message so they may be included manually. If signing
322 then many S/MIME mail clients check the signers certificate's email
323 address matches that specified in the From: address.
325 =item B<-attime>, B<-check_ss_sig>, B<-crl_check>, B<-crl_check_all>,
326 B<-explicit_policy>, B<-extended_crl>, B<-ignore_critical>, B<-inhibit_any>,
327 B<-inhibit_map>, B<-no_alt_chains>, B<-partial_chain>, B<-policy>,
328 B<-policy_check>, B<-policy_print>, B<-purpose>, B<-suiteB_128>,
329 B<-suiteB_128_only>, B<-suiteB_192>, B<-trusted_first>, B<-use_deltas>,
330 B<-auth_level>, B<-verify_depth>, B<-verify_email>, B<-verify_hostname>,
331 B<-verify_ip>, B<-verify_name>, B<-x509_strict>
333 Set various options of certificate chain verification. See
334 L<verify(1)> manual page for details.
340 The MIME message must be sent without any blank lines between the
341 headers and the output. Some mail programs will automatically add
342 a blank line. Piping the mail directly to sendmail is one way to
343 achieve the correct format.
345 The supplied message to be signed or encrypted must include the
346 necessary MIME headers or many S/MIME clients won't display it
347 properly (if at all). You can use the B<-text> option to automatically
348 add plain text headers.
350 A "signed and encrypted" message is one where a signed message is
351 then encrypted. This can be produced by encrypting an already signed
352 message: see the examples section.
354 This version of the program only allows one signer per message but it
355 will verify multiple signers on received messages. Some S/MIME clients
356 choke if a message contains multiple signers. It is possible to sign
357 messages "in parallel" by signing an already signed message.
359 The options B<-encrypt> and B<-decrypt> reflect common usage in S/MIME
360 clients. Strictly speaking these process PKCS#7 enveloped data: PKCS#7
361 encrypted data is used for other purposes.
363 The B<-resign> option uses an existing message digest when adding a new
364 signer. This means that attributes must be present in at least one existing
365 signer using the same message digest or this operation will fail.
367 The B<-stream> and B<-indef> options enable streaming I/O support.
368 As a result the encoding is BER using indefinite length constructed encoding
369 and no longer DER. Streaming is supported for the B<-encrypt> operation and the
370 B<-sign> operation if the content is not detached.
372 Streaming is always used for the B<-sign> operation with detached data but
373 since the content is no longer part of the PKCS#7 structure the encoding
382 The operation was completely successfully.
386 An error occurred parsing the command options.
390 One of the input files could not be read.
394 An error occurred creating the PKCS#7 file or when reading the MIME
399 An error occurred decrypting or verifying the message.
403 The message was verified correctly but an error occurred writing out
404 the signers certificates.
410 Create a cleartext signed message:
412 openssl smime -sign -in message.txt -text -out mail.msg \
415 Create an opaque signed message:
417 openssl smime -sign -in message.txt -text -out mail.msg -nodetach \
420 Create a signed message, include some additional certificates and
421 read the private key from another file:
423 openssl smime -sign -in in.txt -text -out mail.msg \
424 -signer mycert.pem -inkey mykey.pem -certfile mycerts.pem
426 Create a signed message with two signers:
428 openssl smime -sign -in message.txt -text -out mail.msg \
429 -signer mycert.pem -signer othercert.pem
431 Send a signed message under Unix directly to sendmail, including headers:
433 openssl smime -sign -in in.txt -text -signer mycert.pem \
434 -from steve@openssl.org -to someone@somewhere \
435 -subject "Signed message" | sendmail someone@somewhere
437 Verify a message and extract the signer's certificate if successful:
439 openssl smime -verify -in mail.msg -signer user.pem -out signedtext.txt
441 Send encrypted mail using triple DES:
443 openssl smime -encrypt -in in.txt -from steve@openssl.org \
444 -to someone@somewhere -subject "Encrypted message" \
445 -des3 user.pem -out mail.msg
447 Sign and encrypt mail:
449 openssl smime -sign -in ml.txt -signer my.pem -text \
450 | openssl smime -encrypt -out mail.msg \
451 -from steve@openssl.org -to someone@somewhere \
452 -subject "Signed and Encrypted message" -des3 user.pem
454 Note: the encryption command does not include the B<-text> option because the
455 message being encrypted already has MIME headers.
459 openssl smime -decrypt -in mail.msg -recip mycert.pem -inkey key.pem
461 The output from Netscape form signing is a PKCS#7 structure with the
462 detached signature format. You can use this program to verify the
463 signature by line wrapping the base64 encoded structure and surrounding
466 -----BEGIN PKCS7-----
469 and using the command:
471 openssl smime -verify -inform PEM -in signature.pem -content content.txt
473 Alternatively you can base64 decode the signature and use:
475 openssl smime -verify -inform DER -in signature.der -content content.txt
477 Create an encrypted message using 128 bit Camellia:
479 openssl smime -encrypt -in plain.txt -camellia128 -out mail.msg cert.pem
481 Add a signer to an existing message:
483 openssl smime -resign -in mail.msg -signer newsign.pem -out mail2.msg
487 The MIME parser isn't very clever: it seems to handle most messages that I've
488 thrown at it but it may choke on others.
490 The code currently will only write out the signer's certificate to a file: if
491 the signer has a separate encryption certificate this must be manually
492 extracted. There should be some heuristic that determines the correct
493 encryption certificate.
495 Ideally a database should be maintained of a certificates for each email
498 The code doesn't currently take note of the permitted symmetric encryption
499 algorithms as supplied in the SMIMECapabilities signed attribute. This means the
500 user has to manually include the correct encryption algorithm. It should store
501 the list of permitted ciphers in a database and only use those.
503 No revocation checking is done on the signer's certificate.
505 The current code can only handle S/MIME v2 messages, the more complex S/MIME v3
506 structures may cause parsing errors.
510 The use of multiple B<-signer> options and the B<-resign> command were first
511 added in OpenSSL 1.0.0
513 The -no_alt_chains options was first added to OpenSSL 1.1.0.
517 Copyright 2000-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
519 Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
520 this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
521 in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
522 L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.