15 [B<-keyform PEM|DER|ENGINE>]
32 The B<rsautl> command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt
33 data using the RSA algorithm.
41 Print out a usage message.
45 This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input
46 if this option is not specified.
48 =item B<-out filename>
50 Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by
55 The input key file, by default it should be an RSA private key.
57 =item B<-keyform PEM|DER|ENGINE>
59 The key format PEM, DER or ENGINE.
63 The input file is an RSA public key.
67 The input is a certificate containing an RSA public key.
71 Sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires
76 Verify the input data and output the recovered data.
80 Encrypt the input data using an RSA public key.
84 Decrypt the input data using an RSA private key.
86 =item B<-rand file...>
88 A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
90 Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
91 The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for
94 =item [B<-writerand file>]
96 Writes random data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
97 This can be used with a subsequent B<-rand> flag.
99 =item B<-pkcs, -oaep, -ssl, -raw>
101 The padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 OAEP,
102 special padding used in SSL v2 backwards compatible handshakes,
103 or no padding, respectively.
104 For signatures, only B<-pkcs> and B<-raw> can be used.
108 Hex dump the output data.
112 Parse the ASN.1 output data, this is useful when combined with the
119 B<rsautl> because it uses the RSA algorithm directly can only be
120 used to sign or verify small pieces of data.
124 Sign some data using a private key:
126 openssl rsautl -sign -in file -inkey key.pem -out sig
128 Recover the signed data
130 openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem
132 Examine the raw signed data:
134 openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem -raw -hexdump
136 0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
137 0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
138 0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
139 0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
140 0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
141 0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
142 0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
143 0070 - ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 .....hello world
145 The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using
146 encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte)
147 and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes.
149 It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this
150 utility in conjunction with B<asn1parse>. Consider the self signed
151 example in certs/pca-cert.pem . Running B<asn1parse> as follows yields:
153 openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem
155 0:d=0 hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE
156 4:d=1 hl=4 l= 591 cons: SEQUENCE
157 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ]
158 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02
159 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :00
160 16:d=2 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
161 18:d=3 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
162 29:d=3 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
163 31:d=2 hl=2 l= 92 cons: SEQUENCE
164 33:d=3 hl=2 l= 11 cons: SET
165 35:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
166 37:d=5 hl=2 l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
167 42:d=5 hl=2 l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :AU
169 599:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
170 601:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
171 612:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
172 614:d=1 hl=3 l= 129 prim: BIT STRING
175 The final BIT STRING contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with:
177 openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out sig -noout -strparse 614
179 The certificate public key can be extracted with:
181 openssl x509 -in test/testx509.pem -pubkey -noout >pubkey.pem
183 The signature can be analysed with:
185 openssl rsautl -in sig -verify -asn1parse -inkey pubkey.pem -pubin
187 0:d=0 hl=2 l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE
188 2:d=1 hl=2 l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
189 4:d=2 hl=2 l= 8 prim: OBJECT :md5
190 14:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
191 16:d=1 hl=2 l= 16 prim: OCTET STRING
192 0000 - f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5 .F...Js.7...H%..
194 This is the parsed version of an ASN1 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that
195 the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can
198 openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out tbs -noout -strparse 4
200 and its digest computed with:
203 MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5
205 which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above.
209 L<dgst(1)>, L<rsa(1)>, L<genrsa(1)>
213 Copyright 2000-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
215 Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
216 this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
217 in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
218 L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.