1 Booting U-boot on a MXS processor
2 =================================
4 This document describes the MXS U-Boot port. This document mostly covers topics
5 related to making the module/board bootable.
10 The term "MXS" refers to a family of Freescale SoCs that is composed by MX23
13 The dollar symbol ($) introduces a snipped of shell code. This shall be typed
14 into the unix command prompt in U-Boot source code root directory.
16 The (=>) introduces a snipped of code that should by typed into U-Boot command
23 2) Compiling U-Boot for a MXS based board
24 3) Installation of U-Boot for a MXS based board to SD card
25 4) Installation of U-Boot into NAND flash on a MX28 based board
30 To make a MXS based board bootable, some tools are necessary. The only
31 mandatory tool is the "mxsboot" tool found in U-Boot source tree. The
32 tool is built automatically when compiling U-Boot for i.MX23 or i.MX28.
34 The production of BootStream image is handled via "mkimage", which is
35 also part of the U-Boot source tree. The "mkimage" requires OpenSSL
36 development libraries to be installed. In case of Debian and derivates,
37 this is installed by running:
39 $ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
41 NOTE: The "elftosb" tool distributed by Freescale Semiconductor is no
42 longer necessary for general use of U-Boot on i.MX23 and i.MX28.
43 The mkimage supports generation of BootStream images encrypted
44 with a zero key, which is the vast majority of use-cases. In
45 case you do need to produce image encrypted with non-zero key
46 or other special features, please use the "elftosb" tool,
47 otherwise continue to section 2). The installation procedure of
48 the "elftosb" is outlined below:
50 Firstly, obtain the elftosb archive from the following location:
52 ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/tools/elftosb-10.12.01.tar.gz
54 We use a $VER variable here to denote the current version. At the time of
55 writing of this document, that is "10.12.01". To obtain the file from command
59 $ wget ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/tools/elftosb-${VER}.tar.gz
63 $ tar xzf elftosb-${VER}.tar.gz
65 Compile the file. We need to manually tell the linker to use also libm:
68 $ make LIBS="-lstdc++ -lm" elftosb
70 Optionally, remove debugging symbols from elftosb:
72 $ strip bld/linux/elftosb
74 Finally, install the "elftosb" binary. The "install" target is missing, so just
75 copy the binary by hand:
77 $ sudo cp bld/linux/elftosb /usr/local/bin/
79 Make sure the "elftosb" binary can be found in your $PATH, in this case this
80 means "/usr/local/bin/" has to be in your $PATH.
82 2) Compiling U-Boot for a MXS based board
83 -------------------------------------------
85 Compiling the U-Boot for a MXS board is straightforward and done as compiling
86 U-Boot for any other ARM device. For cross-compiler setup, please refer to
87 ELDK5.0 documentation. First, clean up the source code:
91 Next, configure U-Boot for a MXS based board
93 $ make <mxs_based_board_name>_config
97 1. For building U-boot for Denx M28EVK board:
101 2. For building U-boot for Freescale MX28EVK board:
103 $ make mx28evk_config
105 3. For building U-boot for Freescale MX23EVK board:
107 $ make mx23evk_config
109 4. For building U-boot for Olimex MX23 Olinuxino board:
111 $ make mx23_olinuxino_config
113 Lastly, compile U-Boot and prepare a "BootStream". The "BootStream" is a special
114 type of file, which MXS CPUs can boot. This is handled by the following
119 HINT: To speed-up the build process, you can add -j<N>, where N is number of
120 compiler instances that'll run in parallel.
122 The code produces "u-boot.sb" file. This file needs to be augmented with a
123 proper header to allow successful boot from SD or NAND. Adding the header is
124 discussed in the following chapters.
126 NOTE: The process that produces u-boot.sb uses the mkimage to generate the
127 BootStream. The BootStream is encrypted with zero key. In case you need
128 some special features of the BootStream and plan on using the "elftosb"
129 tool instead, the invocation to produce a compatible BootStream with the
130 one produced by mkimage is outlined below. For further details, refer to
131 the documentation bundled with the "elftosb" package.
133 $ elftosb -zf imx23 -c arch/arm/cpu/arm926ejs/mxs/u-boot-imx23.bd \
135 $ elftosb -zf imx28 -c arch/arm/cpu/arm926ejs/mxs/u-boot-imx28.bd \
138 3) Installation of U-Boot for a MXS based board to SD card
139 ----------------------------------------------------------
141 To boot a MXS based board from SD, set the boot mode DIP switches according to
142 to MX28 manual, section 12.2.1 (Table 12-2) or MX23 manual, section 35.1.2
145 The SD card used to boot U-Boot must contain a DOS partition table, which in
146 turn carries a partition of special type and which contains a special header.
147 The rest of partitions in the DOS partition table can be used by the user.
149 To prepare such partition, use your favourite partitioning tool. The partition
150 must have the following parameters:
152 * Start sector .......... sector 2048
153 * Partition size ........ at least 1024 kb
154 * Partition type ........ 0x53 (sometimes "OnTrack DM6 Aux3")
156 For example in Linux fdisk, the sequence for a clear card follows. Be sure to
157 run fdisk with the option "-u=sectors" to set units to sectors:
159 * o ..................... create a clear partition table
160 * n ..................... create new partition
161 * p ............. primary partition
162 * 1 ............. first partition
163 * 2048 .......... first sector is 2048
164 * +1M ........... make the partition 1Mb big
165 * t 1 ................... change first partition ID
166 * 53 ............ change the ID to 0x53 (OnTrack DM6 Aux3)
167 * <create other partitions>
168 * w ..................... write partition table to disk
170 The partition layout is ready, next the special partition must be filled with
171 proper contents. The contents is generated by running the following command
174 $ ./tools/mxsboot sd u-boot.sb u-boot.sd
176 The resulting file, "u-boot.sd", shall then be written to the partition. In this
177 case, we assume the first partition of the SD card is /dev/mmcblk0p1:
179 $ dd if=u-boot.sd of=/dev/mmcblk0p1
181 Last step is to insert the card into the MXS based board and boot.
183 NOTE: If the user needs to adjust the start sector, the "mxsboot" tool contains
184 a "-p" switch for that purpose. The "-p" switch takes the sector number as
187 4) Installation of U-Boot into NAND flash on a MX28 based board
188 ---------------------------------------------------------------
190 To boot a MX28 based board from NAND, set the boot mode DIP switches according
191 to MX28 manual section 12.2.1 (Table 12-2), PORT=GPMI, NAND 1.8 V.
193 There are two possibilities when preparing an image writable to NAND flash.
195 I) The NAND wasn't written at all yet or the BCB is broken
196 ----------------------------------------------------------
197 In this case, both BCB (FCB and DBBT) and firmware needs to be
198 written to NAND. To generate NAND image containing all these,
199 there is a tool called "mxsboot" in the "tools/" directory. The tool
200 is invoked on "u-boot.sb" file from chapter 2):
202 $ ./tools/mxsboot nand u-boot.sb u-boot.nand
204 NOTE: The above invokation works for NAND flash with geometry of
205 2048b per page, 64b OOB data, 128kb erase size. If your chip
206 has a different geometry, please use:
208 -w <size> change page size (default 2048 b)
209 -o <size> change oob size (default 64 b)
210 -e <size> change erase size (default 131072 b)
212 The geometry information can be obtained from running U-Boot
213 on the MX28 board by issuing the "nand info" command.
215 The resulting file, "u-boot.nand" can be written directly to NAND
216 from the U-Boot prompt. To simplify the process, the U-Boot default
217 environment contains script "update_nand_full" to update the system.
219 This script expects a working TFTP server containing the file
220 "u-boot.nand" in it's root directory. This can be changed by
221 adjusting the "update_nand_full_filename" varible.
223 To update the system, run the following in U-Boot prompt:
225 => run update_nand_full
227 In case you would only need to update the bootloader in future,
230 II) The NAND was already written with a good BCB
231 ------------------------------------------------
232 This part applies after the part I) above was done at least once.
234 If part I) above was done correctly already, there is no need to
235 write the FCB and DBBT parts of NAND again. It's possible to upgrade
236 only the bootloader image.
238 To simplify the process of firmware update, the U-Boot default
239 environment contains script "update_nand_firmware" to update only
240 the firmware, without rewriting FCB and DBBT.
242 This script expects a working TFTP server containing the file
243 "u-boot.sb" in it's root directory. This can be changed by
244 adjusting the "update_nand_firmware_filename" varible.
246 To update the system, run the following in U-Boot prompt:
248 => run update_nand_firmware
250 III) Special settings for the update scripts
251 --------------------------------------------
252 There is a slight possibility of the user wanting to adjust the
253 STRIDE and COUNT options of the NAND boot. For description of these,
254 see MX28 manual section 12.12.1.2 and 12.12.1.3.
256 The update scripts take this possibility into account. In case the
257 user changes STRIDE by blowing fuses, the user also has to change
258 "update_nand_stride" variable. In case the user changes COUNT by
259 blowing fuses, the user also has to change "update_nand_count"
260 variable for the update scripts to work correctly.
262 In case the user needs to boot a firmware image bigger than 1Mb, the
263 user has to adjust the "update_nand_firmware_maxsz" variable for the
264 update scripts to work properly.