1 /* Written by Dr Stephen N Henson (steve@openssl.org) for the OpenSSL
4 /* ====================================================================
5 * Copyright (c) 2005 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
16 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
19 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
20 * software must display the following acknowledgment:
21 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
22 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
24 * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
25 * endorse or promote products derived from this software without
26 * prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
27 * licensing@OpenSSL.org.
29 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
30 * nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
31 * permission of the OpenSSL Project.
33 * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
35 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
36 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
38 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
39 * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
40 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
41 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
42 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
43 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
44 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
45 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
46 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
47 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
48 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
49 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
50 * ====================================================================
52 * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
53 * (eay@cryptsoft.com). This product includes software written by Tim
54 * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
58 /* Support for PVK format keys and related structures (such a PUBLICKEYBLOB
59 * and PRIVATEKEYBLOB).
63 #include <openssl/pem.h>
64 #include <openssl/rand.h>
65 #include <openssl/bn.h>
66 #include <openssl/dsa.h>
67 #include <openssl/rsa.h>
69 /* Utility function: read a DWORD (4 byte unsigned integer) in little endian
73 static unsigned int read_ledword(const unsigned char **in)
75 const unsigned char *p = *in;
85 /* Read a BIGNUM in little endian format. The docs say that this should take up
89 static int read_lebn(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int nbyte, BIGNUM **r)
91 const unsigned char *p;
92 unsigned char *tmpbuf, *q;
95 tmpbuf = OPENSSL_malloc(nbyte);
99 for (i = 0; i < nbyte; i++)
101 *r = BN_bin2bn(tmpbuf, nbyte, NULL);
102 OPENSSL_free(tmpbuf);
113 /* Convert private key blob to EVP_PKEY: RSA and DSA keys supported */
115 #define MS_PUBLICKEYBLOB 0x6
116 #define MS_PRIVATEKEYBLOB 0x7
117 #define MS_RSA1MAGIC 0x31415352L
118 #define MS_RSA2MAGIC 0x32415352L
119 #define MS_DSS1MAGIC 0x31535344L
120 #define MS_DSS2MAGIC 0x32535344L
122 #define MS_KEYALG_RSA_KEYX 0xa400
123 #define MS_KEYALG_DSS_SIGN 0x2200
125 #define MS_KEYTYPE_KEYX 0x1
126 #define MS_KEYTYPE_SIGN 0x2
128 /* The PVK file magic number: seems to spell out "bobsfile", who is Bob? */
129 #define MS_PVKMAGIC 0xb0b5f11eL
130 /* Salt length for PVK files */
131 #define PVK_SALTLEN 0x10
133 static EVP_PKEY *b2i_rsa(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int length,
134 unsigned int bitlen, int ispub);
135 static EVP_PKEY *b2i_dss(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int length,
136 unsigned int bitlen, int ispub);
138 static int do_blob_header(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int length,
139 unsigned int *pmagic, unsigned int *pbitlen,
140 int *pisdss, int *pispub)
142 const unsigned char *p = *in;
146 if (*p == MS_PUBLICKEYBLOB)
150 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_BLOB_HEADER,
151 PEM_R_EXPECTING_PRIVATE_KEY_BLOB);
156 else if (*p == MS_PRIVATEKEYBLOB)
160 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_BLOB_HEADER,
161 PEM_R_EXPECTING_PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB);
172 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_BLOB_HEADER, PEM_R_BAD_VERSION_NUMBER);
175 /* Ignore reserved, aiKeyAlg */
177 *pmagic = read_ledword(&p);
178 *pbitlen = read_ledword(&p);
188 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_BLOB_HEADER,
189 PEM_R_EXPECTING_PRIVATE_KEY_BLOB);
199 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_BLOB_HEADER,
200 PEM_R_EXPECTING_PUBLIC_KEY_BLOB);
206 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_BLOB_HEADER, PEM_R_BAD_MAGIC_NUMBER);
213 static unsigned int blob_length(unsigned bitlen, int isdss, int ispub)
215 unsigned int nbyte, hnbyte;
216 nbyte = (bitlen + 7) >> 3;
217 hnbyte = (bitlen + 15) >> 4;
221 /* Expected length: 20 for q + 3 components bitlen each + 24
222 * for seed structure.
225 return 44 + 3 * nbyte;
226 /* Expected length: 20 for q, priv, 2 bitlen components + 24
227 * for seed structure.
230 return 64 + 2 * nbyte;
234 /* Expected length: 4 for 'e' + 'n' */
238 /* Expected length: 4 for 'e' and 7 other components.
239 * 2 components are bitlen size, 5 are bitlen/2
241 return 4 + 2*nbyte + 5*hnbyte;
246 static EVP_PKEY *do_b2i(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int length,
249 const unsigned char *p = *in;
250 unsigned int bitlen, magic;
252 if (do_blob_header(&p, length, &magic, &bitlen, &isdss, &ispub) <= 0)
254 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_B2I, PEM_R_KEYBLOB_HEADER_PARSE_ERROR);
258 if (length < blob_length(bitlen, isdss, ispub))
260 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_B2I, PEM_R_KEYBLOB_TOO_SHORT);
264 return b2i_dss(&p, length, bitlen, ispub);
266 return b2i_rsa(&p, length, bitlen, ispub);
269 static EVP_PKEY *do_b2i_bio(BIO *in, int ispub)
271 const unsigned char *p;
272 unsigned char hdr_buf[16], *buf = NULL;
273 unsigned int bitlen, magic, length;
275 EVP_PKEY *ret = NULL;
276 if (BIO_read(in, hdr_buf, 16) != 16)
278 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_B2I_BIO, PEM_R_KEYBLOB_TOO_SHORT);
282 if (do_blob_header(&p, 16, &magic, &bitlen, &isdss, &ispub) <= 0)
285 length = blob_length(bitlen, isdss, ispub);
286 buf = OPENSSL_malloc(length);
289 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_B2I_BIO, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
293 if (BIO_read(in, buf, length) != (int)length)
295 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_B2I_BIO, PEM_R_KEYBLOB_TOO_SHORT);
300 ret = b2i_dss(&p, length, bitlen, ispub);
302 ret = b2i_rsa(&p, length, bitlen, ispub);
310 static EVP_PKEY *b2i_dss(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int length,
311 unsigned int bitlen, int ispub)
313 const unsigned char *p = *in;
314 EVP_PKEY *ret = NULL;
318 nbyte = (bitlen + 7) >> 3;
321 ret = EVP_PKEY_new();
324 if (!read_lebn(&p, nbyte, &dsa->p))
326 if (!read_lebn(&p, 20, &dsa->q))
328 if (!read_lebn(&p, nbyte, &dsa->g))
332 if (!read_lebn(&p, nbyte, &dsa->pub_key))
337 if (!read_lebn(&p, 20, &dsa->priv_key))
339 /* Calculate public key */
340 if (!(dsa->pub_key = BN_new()))
342 if (!(ctx = BN_CTX_new()))
345 if (!BN_mod_exp(dsa->pub_key, dsa->g,
346 dsa->priv_key, dsa->p, ctx))
352 EVP_PKEY_set1_DSA(ret, dsa);
358 PEMerr(PEM_F_B2I_DSS, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
368 static EVP_PKEY *b2i_rsa(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int length,
369 unsigned int bitlen, int ispub)
372 const unsigned char *p = *in;
373 EVP_PKEY *ret = NULL;
375 unsigned int nbyte, hnbyte;
376 nbyte = (bitlen + 7) >> 3;
377 hnbyte = (bitlen + 15) >> 4;
379 ret = EVP_PKEY_new();
385 if (!BN_set_word(rsa->e, read_ledword(&p)))
387 if (!read_lebn(&p, nbyte, &rsa->n))
391 if (!read_lebn(&p, hnbyte, &rsa->p))
393 if (!read_lebn(&p, hnbyte, &rsa->q))
395 if (!read_lebn(&p, hnbyte, &rsa->dmp1))
397 if (!read_lebn(&p, hnbyte, &rsa->dmq1))
399 if (!read_lebn(&p, hnbyte, &rsa->iqmp))
401 if (!read_lebn(&p, nbyte, &rsa->d))
405 EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(ret, rsa);
410 PEMerr(PEM_F_B2I_RSA, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
418 EVP_PKEY *b2i_PrivateKey(const unsigned char **in, long length)
420 return do_b2i(in, length, 0);
423 EVP_PKEY *b2i_PublicKey(const unsigned char **in, long length)
425 return do_b2i(in, length, 1);
429 EVP_PKEY *b2i_PrivateKey_bio(BIO *in)
431 return do_b2i_bio(in, 0);
434 EVP_PKEY *b2i_PublicKey_bio(BIO *in)
436 return do_b2i_bio(in, 1);
439 static void write_ledword(unsigned char **out, unsigned int dw)
441 unsigned char *p = *out;
443 *p++ = (dw>>8) & 0xff;
444 *p++ = (dw>>16) & 0xff;
445 *p++ = (dw>>24) & 0xff;
449 static void write_lebn(unsigned char **out, const BIGNUM *bn, int len)
452 unsigned char *p = *out, *q, c;
453 nb = BN_num_bytes(bn);
456 /* In place byte order reversal */
457 for (i = 0; i < nb/2; i++)
464 /* Pad with zeroes if we have to */
470 memset(*out, 0, len);
477 static int check_bitlen_rsa(RSA *rsa, int ispub, unsigned int *magic);
478 static int check_bitlen_dsa(DSA *dsa, int ispub, unsigned int *magic);
480 static void write_rsa(unsigned char **out, RSA *rsa, int ispub);
481 static void write_dsa(unsigned char **out, DSA *dsa, int ispub);
483 static int do_i2b(unsigned char **out, EVP_PKEY *pk, int ispub)
486 unsigned int bitlen, magic = 0, keyalg;
487 int outlen, noinc = 0;
488 if (pk->type == EVP_PKEY_DSA)
490 bitlen = check_bitlen_dsa(pk->pkey.dsa, ispub, &magic);
491 keyalg = MS_KEYALG_DSS_SIGN;
493 else if (pk->type == EVP_PKEY_RSA)
495 bitlen = check_bitlen_rsa(pk->pkey.rsa, ispub, &magic);
496 keyalg = MS_KEYALG_RSA_KEYX;
502 outlen = 16 + blob_length(bitlen,
503 keyalg == MS_KEYALG_DSS_SIGN ? 1 : 0, ispub);
510 p = OPENSSL_malloc(outlen);
517 *p++ = MS_PUBLICKEYBLOB;
519 *p++ = MS_PRIVATEKEYBLOB;
523 write_ledword(&p, keyalg);
524 write_ledword(&p, magic);
525 write_ledword(&p, bitlen);
526 if (keyalg == MS_KEYALG_DSS_SIGN)
527 write_dsa(&p, pk->pkey.dsa, ispub);
529 write_rsa(&p, pk->pkey.rsa, ispub);
535 static int do_i2b_bio(BIO *out, EVP_PKEY *pk, int ispub)
537 unsigned char *tmp = NULL;
539 outlen = do_i2b(&tmp, pk, ispub);
542 wrlen = BIO_write(out, tmp, outlen);
549 static int check_bitlen_dsa(DSA *dsa, int ispub, unsigned int *pmagic)
552 bitlen = BN_num_bits(dsa->p);
553 if ((bitlen & 7) || (BN_num_bits(dsa->q) != 160)
554 || (BN_num_bits(dsa->g) > bitlen))
558 if (BN_num_bits(dsa->pub_key) > bitlen)
560 *pmagic = MS_DSS1MAGIC;
564 if (BN_num_bits(dsa->priv_key) > 160)
566 *pmagic = MS_DSS2MAGIC;
571 PEMerr(PEM_F_CHECK_BITLEN_DSA, PEM_R_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_COMPONENTS);
575 static int check_bitlen_rsa(RSA *rsa, int ispub, unsigned int *pmagic)
577 int nbyte, hnbyte, bitlen;
578 if (BN_num_bits(rsa->e) > 32)
580 bitlen = BN_num_bits(rsa->n);
581 nbyte = BN_num_bytes(rsa->n);
582 hnbyte = (BN_num_bits(rsa->n) + 15) >> 4;
585 *pmagic = MS_RSA1MAGIC;
590 *pmagic = MS_RSA2MAGIC;
591 /* For private key each component must fit within nbyte or
594 if (BN_num_bytes(rsa->d) > nbyte)
596 if ((BN_num_bytes(rsa->iqmp) > hnbyte)
597 || (BN_num_bytes(rsa->p) > hnbyte)
598 || (BN_num_bytes(rsa->q) > hnbyte)
599 || (BN_num_bytes(rsa->dmp1) > hnbyte)
600 || (BN_num_bytes(rsa->dmq1) > hnbyte))
605 PEMerr(PEM_F_CHECK_BITLEN_RSA, PEM_R_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_COMPONENTS);
610 static void write_rsa(unsigned char **out, RSA *rsa, int ispub)
613 nbyte = BN_num_bytes(rsa->n);
614 hnbyte = (BN_num_bits(rsa->n) + 15) >> 4;
615 write_lebn(out, rsa->e, 4);
616 write_lebn(out, rsa->n, -1);
619 write_lebn(out, rsa->p, hnbyte);
620 write_lebn(out, rsa->q, hnbyte);
621 write_lebn(out, rsa->dmp1, hnbyte);
622 write_lebn(out, rsa->dmq1, hnbyte);
623 write_lebn(out, rsa->iqmp, hnbyte);
624 write_lebn(out, rsa->d, nbyte);
628 static void write_dsa(unsigned char **out, DSA *dsa, int ispub)
631 nbyte = BN_num_bytes(dsa->p);
632 write_lebn(out, dsa->p, nbyte);
633 write_lebn(out, dsa->q, 20);
634 write_lebn(out, dsa->g, nbyte);
636 write_lebn(out, dsa->pub_key, nbyte);
638 write_lebn(out, dsa->priv_key, 20);
639 /* Set "invalid" for seed structure values */
640 memset(*out, 0xff, 24);
646 int i2b_PrivateKey_bio(BIO *out, EVP_PKEY *pk)
648 return do_i2b_bio(out, pk, 0);
651 int i2b_PublicKey_bio(BIO *out, EVP_PKEY *pk)
653 return do_i2b_bio(out, pk, 1);
656 static int do_PVK_header(const unsigned char **in, unsigned int length,
658 unsigned int *psaltlen, unsigned int *pkeylen)
661 const unsigned char *p = *in;
662 unsigned int pvk_magic, keytype, is_encrypted;
667 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_PVK_HEADER, PEM_R_PVK_TOO_SHORT);
676 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_PVK_HEADER, PEM_R_PVK_TOO_SHORT);
680 pvk_magic = read_ledword(&p);
681 if (pvk_magic != MS_PVKMAGIC)
683 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_PVK_HEADER, PEM_R_BAD_MAGIC_NUMBER);
689 keytype = read_ledword(&p);
690 is_encrypted = read_ledword(&p);
691 *psaltlen = read_ledword(&p);
692 *pkeylen = read_ledword(&p);
694 if (is_encrypted && !*psaltlen)
696 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_PVK_HEADER, PEM_R_INCONSISTENT_HEADER);
704 static int derive_pvk_key(unsigned char *key,
705 const unsigned char *salt, unsigned int saltlen,
706 const unsigned char *pass, int passlen)
709 EVP_MD_CTX_init(&mctx);
710 EVP_DigestInit_ex(&mctx, EVP_sha1(), NULL);
711 EVP_DigestUpdate(&mctx, salt, saltlen);
712 EVP_DigestUpdate(&mctx, pass, passlen);
713 EVP_DigestFinal_ex(&mctx, key, NULL);
714 EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&mctx);
719 static EVP_PKEY *do_PVK_body(const unsigned char **in,
720 unsigned int saltlen, unsigned int keylen,
721 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u)
723 EVP_PKEY *ret = NULL;
724 const unsigned char *p = *in;
726 unsigned char *enctmp = NULL, *q;
729 char psbuf[PEM_BUFSIZE];
730 unsigned char keybuf[20];
732 int enctmplen, inlen;
734 inlen=cb(psbuf,PEM_BUFSIZE,0,u);
736 inlen=PEM_def_callback(psbuf,PEM_BUFSIZE,0,u);
739 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_PVK_BODY,PEM_R_BAD_PASSWORD_READ);
742 enctmp = OPENSSL_malloc(keylen + 8);
745 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_PVK_BODY, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
748 if (!derive_pvk_key(keybuf, p, saltlen,
749 (unsigned char *)psbuf, inlen))
752 /* Copy BLOBHEADER across, decrypt rest */
753 memcpy(enctmp, p, 8);
757 EVP_CIPHER_CTX_init(&cctx);
758 EVP_DecryptInit_ex(&cctx, EVP_rc4(), NULL, keybuf, NULL);
759 EVP_DecryptUpdate(&cctx, q, &enctmplen, p, inlen);
760 EVP_DecryptFinal_ex(&cctx, q + enctmplen, &enctmplen);
761 magic = read_ledword((const unsigned char **)&q);
762 if (magic != MS_RSA2MAGIC && magic != MS_DSS2MAGIC)
765 memset(keybuf + 5, 0, 11);
766 EVP_DecryptInit_ex(&cctx, EVP_rc4(), NULL, keybuf,
768 OPENSSL_cleanse(keybuf, 20);
769 EVP_DecryptUpdate(&cctx, q, &enctmplen, p, inlen);
770 EVP_DecryptFinal_ex(&cctx, q + enctmplen,
772 magic = read_ledword((const unsigned char **)&q);
773 if (magic != MS_RSA2MAGIC && magic != MS_DSS2MAGIC)
775 EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup(&cctx);
776 PEMerr(PEM_F_DO_PVK_BODY, PEM_R_BAD_DECRYPT);
781 OPENSSL_cleanse(keybuf, 20);
782 EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup(&cctx);
786 ret = b2i_PrivateKey(&p, keylen);
788 if (enctmp && saltlen)
789 OPENSSL_free(enctmp);
794 EVP_PKEY *b2i_PVK_bio(BIO *in, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u)
796 unsigned char pvk_hdr[24], *buf = NULL;
797 const unsigned char *p;
799 EVP_PKEY *ret = NULL;
800 unsigned int saltlen, keylen;
801 if (BIO_read(in, pvk_hdr, 24) != 24)
803 PEMerr(PEM_F_B2I_PVK_BIO, PEM_R_PVK_DATA_TOO_SHORT);
808 if (!do_PVK_header(&p, 24, 0, &saltlen, &keylen))
810 buflen = (int) keylen + saltlen;
811 buf = OPENSSL_malloc(buflen);
814 PEMerr(PEM_F_B2I_PVK_BIO, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
818 if (BIO_read(in, buf, buflen) != buflen)
820 PEMerr(PEM_F_B2I_PVK_BIO, PEM_R_PVK_DATA_TOO_SHORT);
823 ret = do_PVK_body(&p, saltlen, keylen, cb, u);
828 OPENSSL_cleanse(buf, buflen);
836 static int i2b_PVK(unsigned char **out, EVP_PKEY*pk, int enclevel,
837 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u)
839 int outlen = 24, noinc, pklen;
840 unsigned char *p, *salt = NULL;
842 outlen += PVK_SALTLEN;
843 pklen = do_i2b(NULL, pk, 0);
856 p = OPENSSL_malloc(outlen);
859 PEMerr(PEM_F_I2B_PVK,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
866 write_ledword(&p, MS_PVKMAGIC);
867 write_ledword(&p, 0);
868 if (pk->type == EVP_PKEY_DSA)
869 write_ledword(&p, MS_KEYTYPE_SIGN);
871 write_ledword(&p, MS_KEYTYPE_KEYX);
872 write_ledword(&p, enclevel ? 1 : 0);
873 write_ledword(&p, enclevel ? PVK_SALTLEN: 0);
874 write_ledword(&p, pklen);
877 if (RAND_bytes(p, PVK_SALTLEN) <= 0)
887 char psbuf[PEM_BUFSIZE];
888 unsigned char keybuf[20];
890 int enctmplen, inlen;
892 inlen=cb(psbuf,PEM_BUFSIZE,1,u);
894 inlen=PEM_def_callback(psbuf,PEM_BUFSIZE,1,u);
897 PEMerr(PEM_F_I2B_PVK,PEM_R_BAD_PASSWORD_READ);
900 if (!derive_pvk_key(keybuf, salt, PVK_SALTLEN,
901 (unsigned char *)psbuf, inlen))
904 memset(keybuf + 5, 0, 11);
905 p = salt + PVK_SALTLEN + 8;
906 EVP_CIPHER_CTX_init(&cctx);
907 EVP_EncryptInit_ex(&cctx, EVP_rc4(), NULL, keybuf, NULL);
908 OPENSSL_cleanse(keybuf, 20);
909 EVP_DecryptUpdate(&cctx, p, &enctmplen, p, pklen - 8);
910 EVP_DecryptFinal_ex(&cctx, p + enctmplen, &enctmplen);
911 EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cleanup(&cctx);
919 int i2b_PVK_bio(BIO *out, EVP_PKEY *pk, int enclevel,
920 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u)
922 unsigned char *tmp = NULL;
924 outlen = i2b_PVK(&tmp, pk, enclevel, cb, u);
927 wrlen = BIO_write(out, tmp, outlen);
931 PEMerr(PEM_F_I2B_PVK_BIO, PEM_R_BIO_WRITE_FAILURE);