cmd/mtd.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier:  GPL-2.0+
   2 /*
   3  * mtd.c
   4  *
   5  * Generic command to handle basic operations on any memory device.
   6  *
   7  * Copyright: Bootlin, 2018
   8  * Author: Miquèl Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com>
   9  */
  10
  11 #include <command.h>
  12 #include <common.h>
  13 #include <console.h>
  14 #include <malloc.h>
  15 #include <mapmem.h>
  16 #include <mtd.h>
  17
  18 static uint mtd_len_to_pages(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 len)
  19 {
  20         do_div(len, mtd->writesize);
  21
  22         return len;
  23 }
  24
  25 static bool mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 size)
  26 {
  27         return !do_div(size, mtd->writesize);
  28 }
  29
  30 static bool mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 size)
  31 {
  32         return !do_div(size, mtd->erasesize);
  33 }
  34
  35 static void mtd_dump_buf(const u8 *buf, uint len, uint offset)
  36 {
  37         int i, j;
  38
  39         for (i = 0; i < len; ) {
  40                 printf("0x%08x:\t", offset + i);
  41                 for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
  42                         printf("%02x ", buf[i + j]);
  43                 printf(" ");
  44                 i += 8;
  45                 for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
  46                         printf("%02x ", buf[i + j]);
  47                 printf("\n");
  48                 i += 8;
  49         }
  50 }
  51
  52 static void mtd_dump_device_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 start_off,
  53                                 const u8 *buf, u64 len, bool woob)
  54 {
  55         bool has_pages = mtd->type == MTD_NANDFLASH ||
  56                 mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;
  57         int npages = mtd_len_to_pages(mtd, len);
  58         uint page;
  59
  60         if (has_pages) {
  61                 for (page = 0; page < npages; page++) {
  62                         u64 data_off = page * mtd->writesize;
  63
  64                         printf("\nDump %d data bytes from 0x%08llx:\n",
  65                                mtd->writesize, start_off + data_off);
  66                         mtd_dump_buf(&buf[data_off],
  67                                      mtd->writesize, start_off + data_off);
  68
  69                         if (woob) {
  70                                 u64 oob_off = page * mtd->oobsize;
  71
  72                                 printf("Dump %d OOB bytes from page at 0x%08llx:\n",
  73                                        mtd->oobsize, start_off + data_off);
  74                                 mtd_dump_buf(&buf[len + oob_off],
  75                                              mtd->oobsize, 0);
  76                         }
  77                 }
  78         } else {
  79                 printf("\nDump %lld data bytes from 0x%llx:\n",
  80                        len, start_off);
  81                 mtd_dump_buf(buf, len, start_off);
  82         }
  83 }
  84
  85 static void mtd_show_parts(struct mtd_info *mtd, int level)
  86 {
  87         struct mtd_info *part;
  88         int i;
  89
  90         list_for_each_entry(part, &mtd->partitions, node) {
  91                 for (i = 0; i < level; i++)
  92                         printf("\t");
  93                 printf("  - 0x%012llx-0x%012llx : \"%s\"\n",
  94                        part->offset, part->offset + part->size, part->name);
  95
  96                 mtd_show_parts(part, level + 1);
  97         }
  98 }
  99
 100 static void mtd_show_device(struct mtd_info *mtd)
 101 {
 102         /* Device */
 103         printf("* %s\n", mtd->name);
 104 #if defined(CONFIG_DM)
 105         if (mtd->dev) {
 106                 printf("  - device: %s\n", mtd->dev->name);
 107                 printf("  - parent: %s\n", mtd->dev->parent->name);
 108                 printf("  - driver: %s\n", mtd->dev->driver->name);
 109         }
 110 #endif
 111
 112         /* MTD device information */
 113         printf("  - type: ");
 114         switch (mtd->type) {
 115         case MTD_RAM:
 116                 printf("RAM\n");
 117                 break;
 118         case MTD_ROM:
 119                 printf("ROM\n");
 120                 break;
 121         case MTD_NORFLASH:
 122                 printf("NOR flash\n");
 123                 break;
 124         case MTD_NANDFLASH:
 125                 printf("NAND flash\n");
 126                 break;
 127         case MTD_DATAFLASH:
 128                 printf("Data flash\n");
 129                 break;
 130         case MTD_UBIVOLUME:
 131                 printf("UBI volume\n");
 132                 break;
 133         case MTD_MLCNANDFLASH:
 134                 printf("MLC NAND flash\n");
 135                 break;
 136         case MTD_ABSENT:
 137         default:
 138                 printf("Unknown\n");
 139                 break;
 140         }
 141
 142         printf("  - block size: 0x%x bytes\n", mtd->erasesize);
 143         printf("  - min I/O: 0x%x bytes\n", mtd->writesize);
 144
 145         if (mtd->oobsize) {
 146                 printf("  - OOB size: %u bytes\n", mtd->oobsize);
 147                 printf("  - OOB available: %u bytes\n", mtd->oobavail);
 148         }
 149
 150         if (mtd->ecc_strength) {
 151                 printf("  - ECC strength: %u bits\n", mtd->ecc_strength);
 152                 printf("  - ECC step size: %u bytes\n", mtd->ecc_step_size);
 153                 printf("  - bitflip threshold: %u bits\n",
 154                        mtd->bitflip_threshold);
 155         }
 156
 157         printf("  - 0x%012llx-0x%012llx : \"%s\"\n",
 158                mtd->offset, mtd->offset + mtd->size, mtd->name);
 159
 160         /* MTD partitions, if any */
 161         mtd_show_parts(mtd, 1);
 162 }
 163
 164 /* Logic taken from fs/ubifs/recovery.c:is_empty() */
 165 static bool mtd_oob_write_is_empty(struct mtd_oob_ops *op)
 166 {
 167         int i;
 168
 169         for (i = 0; i < op->len; i++)
 170                 if (op->datbuf[i] != 0xff)
 171                         return false;
 172
 173         for (i = 0; i < op->ooblen; i++)
 174                 if (op->oobbuf[i] != 0xff)
 175                         return false;
 176
 177         return true;
 178 }
 179
 180 static int do_mtd_list(void)
 181 {
 182         struct mtd_info *mtd;
 183         int dev_nb = 0;
 184
 185         /* Ensure all devices (and their partitions) are probed */
 186         mtd_probe_devices();
 187
 188         printf("List of MTD devices:\n");
 189         mtd_for_each_device(mtd) {
 190                 if (!mtd_is_partition(mtd))
 191                         mtd_show_device(mtd);
 192
 193                 dev_nb++;
 194         }
 195
 196         if (!dev_nb) {
 197                 printf("No MTD device found\n");
 198                 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 199         }
 200
 201         return CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
 202 }
 203
 204 static int mtd_special_write_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 off,
 205                                  struct mtd_oob_ops *io_op,
 206                                  bool write_empty_pages, bool woob)
 207 {
 208         int ret = 0;
 209
 210         /*
 211          * By default, do not write an empty page.
 212          * Skip it by simulating a successful write.
 213          */
 214         if (!write_empty_pages && mtd_oob_write_is_empty(io_op)) {
 215                 io_op->retlen = mtd->writesize;
 216                 io_op->oobretlen = woob ? mtd->oobsize : 0;
 217         } else {
 218                 ret = mtd_write_oob(mtd, off, io_op);
 219         }
 220
 221         return ret;
 222 }
 223
 224 static int do_mtd(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[])
 225 {
 226         struct mtd_info *mtd;
 227         const char *cmd;
 228         char *mtd_name;
 229
 230         /* All MTD commands need at least two arguments */
 231         if (argc < 2)
 232                 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
 233
 234         /* Parse the command name and its optional suffixes */
 235         cmd = argv[1];
 236
 237         /* List the MTD devices if that is what the user wants */
 238         if (strcmp(cmd, "list") == 0)
 239                 return do_mtd_list();
 240
 241         /*
 242          * The remaining commands require also at least a device ID.
 243          * Check the selected device is valid. Ensure it is probed.
 244          */
 245         if (argc < 3)
 246                 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
 247
 248         mtd_name = argv[2];
 249         mtd_probe_devices();
 250         mtd = get_mtd_device_nm(mtd_name);
 251         if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd)) {
 252                 printf("MTD device %s not found, ret %ld\n",
 253                        mtd_name, PTR_ERR(mtd));
 254                 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 255         }
 256         put_mtd_device(mtd);
 257
 258         argc -= 3;
 259         argv += 3;
 260
 261         /* Do the parsing */
 262         if (!strncmp(cmd, "read", 4) || !strncmp(cmd, "dump", 4) ||
 263             !strncmp(cmd, "write", 5)) {
 264                 bool has_pages = mtd->type == MTD_NANDFLASH ||
 265                                  mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;
 266                 bool dump, read, raw, woob, write_empty_pages;
 267                 struct mtd_oob_ops io_op = {};
 268                 uint user_addr = 0, npages;
 269                 u64 start_off, off, len, remaining, default_len;
 270                 u32 oob_len;
 271                 u8 *buf;
 272                 int ret;
 273
 274                 dump = !strncmp(cmd, "dump", 4);
 275                 read = dump || !strncmp(cmd, "read", 4);
 276                 raw = strstr(cmd, ".raw");
 277                 woob = strstr(cmd, ".oob");
 278                 write_empty_pages = !has_pages || strstr(cmd, ".dontskipff");
 279
 280                 if (!dump) {
 281                         if (!argc)
 282                                 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
 283
 284                         user_addr = simple_strtoul(argv[0], NULL, 16);
 285                         argc--;
 286                         argv++;
 287                 }
 288
 289                 start_off = argc > 0 ? simple_strtoul(argv[0], NULL, 16) : 0;
 290                 if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(mtd, start_off)) {
 291                         printf("Offset not aligned with a page (0x%x)\n",
 292                                mtd->writesize);
 293                         return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 294                 }
 295
 296                 default_len = dump ? mtd->writesize : mtd->size;
 297                 len = argc > 1 ? simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 16) :
 298                                  default_len;
 299                 if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(mtd, len)) {
 300                         len = round_up(len, mtd->writesize);
 301                         printf("Size not on a page boundary (0x%x), rounding to 0x%llx\n",
 302                                mtd->writesize, len);
 303                 }
 304
 305                 remaining = len;
 306                 npages = mtd_len_to_pages(mtd, len);
 307                 oob_len = woob ? npages * mtd->oobsize : 0;
 308
 309                 if (dump)
 310                         buf = kmalloc(len + oob_len, GFP_KERNEL);
 311                 else
 312                         buf = map_sysmem(user_addr, 0);
 313
 314                 if (!buf) {
 315                         printf("Could not map/allocate the user buffer\n");
 316                         return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 317                 }
 318
 319                 if (has_pages)
 320                         printf("%s %lld byte(s) (%d page(s)) at offset 0x%08llx%s%s%s\n",
 321                                read ? "Reading" : "Writing", len, npages, start_off,
 322                                raw ? " [raw]" : "", woob ? " [oob]" : "",
 323                                !read && write_empty_pages ? " [dontskipff]" : "");
 324                 else
 325                         printf("%s %lld byte(s) at offset 0x%08llx\n",
 326                                read ? "Reading" : "Writing", len, start_off);
 327
 328                 io_op.mode = raw ? MTD_OPS_RAW : MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB;
 329                 io_op.len = has_pages ? mtd->writesize : len;
 330                 io_op.ooblen = woob ? mtd->oobsize : 0;
 331                 io_op.datbuf = buf;
 332                 io_op.oobbuf = woob ? &buf[len] : NULL;
 333
 334                 /* Search for the first good block after the given offset */
 335                 off = start_off;
 336                 while (mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off))
 337                         off += mtd->erasesize;
 338
 339                 /* Loop over the pages to do the actual read/write */
 340                 while (remaining) {
 341                         /* Skip the block if it is bad */
 342                         if (mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, off) &&
 343                             mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off)) {
 344                                 off += mtd->erasesize;
 345                                 continue;
 346                         }
 347
 348                         if (read)
 349                                 ret = mtd_read_oob(mtd, off, &io_op);
 350                         else
 351                                 ret = mtd_special_write_oob(mtd, off, &io_op,
 352                                                             write_empty_pages,
 353                                                             woob);
 354
 355                         if (ret) {
 356                                 printf("Failure while %s at offset 0x%llx\n",
 357                                        read ? "reading" : "writing", off);
 358                                 return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 359                         }
 360
 361                         off += io_op.retlen;
 362                         remaining -= io_op.retlen;
 363                         io_op.datbuf += io_op.retlen;
 364                         io_op.oobbuf += io_op.oobretlen;
 365                 }
 366
 367                 if (!ret && dump)
 368                         mtd_dump_device_buf(mtd, start_off, buf, len, woob);
 369
 370                 if (dump)
 371                         kfree(buf);
 372                 else
 373                         unmap_sysmem(buf);
 374
 375                 if (ret) {
 376                         printf("%s on %s failed with error %d\n",
 377                                read ? "Read" : "Write", mtd->name, ret);
 378                         return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 379                 }
 380
 381         } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "erase")) {
 382                 bool scrub = strstr(cmd, ".dontskipbad");
 383                 struct erase_info erase_op = {};
 384                 u64 off, len;
 385                 int ret;
 386
 387                 off = argc > 0 ? simple_strtoul(argv[0], NULL, 16) : 0;
 388                 len = argc > 1 ? simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 16) : mtd->size;
 389
 390                 if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, off)) {
 391                         printf("Offset not aligned with a block (0x%x)\n",
 392                                mtd->erasesize);
 393                         return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 394                 }
 395
 396                 if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, len)) {
 397                         printf("Size not a multiple of a block (0x%x)\n",
 398                                mtd->erasesize);
 399                         return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 400                 }
 401
 402                 printf("Erasing 0x%08llx ... 0x%08llx (%d eraseblock(s))\n",
 403                        off, off + len - 1, mtd_div_by_eb(len, mtd));
 404
 405                 erase_op.mtd = mtd;
 406                 erase_op.addr = off;
 407                 erase_op.len = len;
 408                 erase_op.scrub = scrub;
 409
 410                 while (erase_op.len) {
 411                         ret = mtd_erase(mtd, &erase_op);
 412
 413                         /* Abort if its not a bad block error */
 414                         if (ret != -EIO)
 415                                 break;
 416
 417                         printf("Skipping bad block at 0x%08llx\n",
 418                                erase_op.fail_addr);
 419
 420                         /* Skip bad block and continue behind it */
 421                         erase_op.len -= erase_op.fail_addr - erase_op.addr;
 422                         erase_op.len -= mtd->erasesize;
 423                         erase_op.addr = erase_op.fail_addr + mtd->erasesize;
 424                 }
 425
 426                 if (ret && ret != -EIO)
 427                         return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
 428         } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "bad")) {
 429                 loff_t off;
 430
 431                 if (!mtd_can_have_bb(mtd)) {
 432                         printf("Only NAND-based devices can have bad blocks\n");
 433                         return CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
 434                 }
 435
 436                 printf("MTD device %s bad blocks list:\n", mtd->name);
 437                 for (off = 0; off < mtd->size; off += mtd->erasesize)
 438                         if (mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off))
 439                                 printf("\t0x%08llx\n", off);
 440         } else {
 441                 return CMD_RET_USAGE;
 442         }
 443
 444         return CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
 445 }
 446
 447 static char mtd_help_text[] =
 448 #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP
 449         "- generic operations on memory technology devices\n\n"
 450         "mtd list\n"
 451         "mtd read[.raw][.oob]                  <name> <addr> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
 452         "mtd dump[.raw][.oob]                  <name>        [<off> [<size>]]\n"
 453         "mtd write[.raw][.oob][.dontskipff]    <name> <addr> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
 454         "mtd erase[.dontskipbad]               <name>        [<off> [<size>]]\n"
 455         "\n"
 456         "Specific functions:\n"
 457         "mtd bad                               <name>\n"
 458         "\n"
 459         "With:\n"
 460         "\t<name>: NAND partition/chip name\n"
 461         "\t<addr>: user address from/to which data will be retrieved/stored\n"
 462         "\t<off>: offset in <name> in bytes (default: start of the part)\n"
 463         "\t\t* must be block-aligned for erase\n"
 464         "\t\t* must be page-aligned otherwise\n"
 465         "\t<size>: length of the operation in bytes (default: the entire device)\n"
 466         "\t\t* must be a multiple of a block for erase\n"
 467         "\t\t* must be a multiple of a page otherwise (special case: default is a page with dump)\n"
 468         "\n"
 469         "The .dontskipff option forces writing empty pages, don't use it if unsure.\n"
 470 #endif
 471         "";
 472
 473 U_BOOT_CMD(mtd, 10, 1, do_mtd, "MTD utils", mtd_help_text);