2 #if !defined(NO_DES) && !defined(NO_SHA1)
4 /* Written by Dr Stephen N Henson (shenson@bigfoot.com) for the OpenSSL
7 /* ====================================================================
8 * Copyright (c) 1999 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
19 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
22 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
23 * software must display the following acknowledgment:
24 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
25 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
27 * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
28 * endorse or promote products derived from this software without
29 * prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
30 * licensing@OpenSSL.org.
32 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
33 * nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
34 * permission of the OpenSSL Project.
36 * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
38 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
39 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
41 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
42 * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
43 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
44 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
45 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
46 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
47 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
48 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
49 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
50 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
51 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
52 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
53 * ====================================================================
55 * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
56 * (eay@cryptsoft.com). This product includes software written by Tim
57 * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
65 #include <openssl/crypto.h>
66 #include <openssl/err.h>
67 #include <openssl/pem.h>
68 #include <openssl/pkcs12.h>
70 #define PROG pkcs12_main
81 int get_cert_chain(X509 *cert, STACK_OF(X509) **chain);
82 int dump_certs_keys_p12(BIO *out, PKCS12 *p12, char *pass, int passlen, int options, char *pempass);
83 int dump_certs_pkeys_bags(BIO *out, STACK *bags, char *pass, int passlen, int options, char *pempass);
84 int dump_certs_pkeys_bag(BIO *out, PKCS12_SAFEBAG *bags, char *pass, int passlen, int options, char *pempass);
85 int print_attribs(BIO *out, STACK_OF(X509_ATTRIBUTE) *attrlst, char *name);
86 void hex_prin(BIO *out, unsigned char *buf, int len);
87 int alg_print(BIO *x, X509_ALGOR *alg);
88 int cert_load(BIO *in, STACK_OF(X509) *sk);
90 int MAIN(int, char **);
92 int MAIN(int argc, char **argv)
94 char *infile=NULL, *outfile=NULL, *keyname = NULL;
96 BIO *in=NULL, *out = NULL, *inkey = NULL, *certsin = NULL;
100 char pass[50], macpass[50];
105 int iter = PKCS12_DEFAULT_ITER;
106 int maciter = PKCS12_DEFAULT_ITER;
109 int cert_pbe = NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC2_CBC;
110 int key_pbe = NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC;
114 STACK *canames = NULL;
115 char *cpass = NULL, *mpass = NULL;
116 char *passargin = NULL, *passargout = NULL, *passarg = NULL;
117 char *passin = NULL, *passout = NULL;
122 enc = EVP_des_ede3_cbc();
123 if (bio_err == NULL ) bio_err = BIO_new_fp (stderr, BIO_NOCLOSE);
129 if (*args[0] == '-') {
130 if (!strcmp (*args, "-nokeys")) options |= NOKEYS;
131 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-keyex")) keytype = KEY_EX;
132 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-keysig")) keytype = KEY_SIG;
133 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-nocerts")) options |= NOCERTS;
134 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-clcerts")) options |= CLCERTS;
135 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-cacerts")) options |= CACERTS;
136 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-noout")) options |= (NOKEYS|NOCERTS);
137 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-info")) options |= INFO;
138 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-chain")) chain = 1;
139 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-twopass")) twopass = 1;
140 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-nomacver")) macver = 0;
141 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-descert"))
142 cert_pbe = NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC;
143 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-export")) export_cert = 1;
144 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-des")) enc=EVP_des_cbc();
146 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-idea")) enc=EVP_idea_cbc();
148 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-des3")) enc = EVP_des_ede3_cbc();
149 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-noiter")) iter = 1;
150 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-maciter"))
151 maciter = PKCS12_DEFAULT_ITER;
152 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-nomaciter"))
154 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-nodes")) enc=NULL;
155 else if (!strcmp (*args, "-certpbe")) {
158 cert_pbe=OBJ_txt2nid(*args);
159 if(cert_pbe == NID_undef) {
161 "Unknown PBE algorithm %s\n", *args);
165 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-keypbe")) {
168 key_pbe=OBJ_txt2nid(*args);
169 if(key_pbe == NID_undef) {
171 "Unknown PBE algorithm %s\n", *args);
175 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-rand")) {
180 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-inkey")) {
185 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-certfile")) {
190 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-name")) {
195 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-caname")) {
198 if (!canames) canames = sk_new(NULL);
199 sk_push(canames, *args);
201 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-in")) {
206 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-out")) {
211 } else if (!strcmp(*args,"-passin")) {
216 } else if (!strcmp(*args,"-passout")) {
221 } else if (!strcmp (*args, "-password")) {
234 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Usage: pkcs12 [options]\n");
235 BIO_printf (bio_err, "where options are\n");
236 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-export output PKCS12 file\n");
237 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-chain add certificate chain\n");
238 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-inkey file private key if not infile\n");
239 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-certfile f add all certs in f\n");
240 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-name \"name\" use name as friendly name\n");
241 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-caname \"nm\" use nm as CA friendly name (can be used more than once).\n");
242 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-in infile input filename\n");
243 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-out outfile output filename\n");
244 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-noout don't output anything, just verify.\n");
245 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-nomacver don't verify MAC.\n");
246 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-nocerts don't output certificates.\n");
247 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-clcerts only output client certificates.\n");
248 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-cacerts only output CA certificates.\n");
249 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-nokeys don't output private keys.\n");
250 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-info give info about PKCS#12 structure.\n");
251 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-des encrypt private keys with DES\n");
252 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-des3 encrypt private keys with triple DES (default)\n");
254 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-idea encrypt private keys with idea\n");
256 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-nodes don't encrypt private keys\n");
257 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-noiter don't use encryption iteration\n");
258 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-maciter use MAC iteration\n");
259 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-twopass separate MAC, encryption passwords\n");
260 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-descert encrypt PKCS#12 certificates with triple DES (default RC2-40)\n");
261 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-certpbe alg specify certificate PBE algorithm (default RC2-40)\n");
262 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-keypbe alg specify private key PBE algorithm (default 3DES)\n");
263 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-keyex set MS key exchange type\n");
264 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-keysig set MS key signature type\n");
265 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-password p set import/export password source\n");
266 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-passin p input file pass phrase source\n");
267 BIO_printf (bio_err, "-passout p output file pass phrase source\n");
268 BIO_printf(bio_err, "-rand file:file:...\n");
269 BIO_printf(bio_err, " load the file (or the files in the directory) into\n");
270 BIO_printf(bio_err, " the random number generator\n");
275 if(export_cert) passargout = passarg;
276 else passargin = passarg;
279 if(!app_passwd(bio_err, passargin, passargout, &passin, &passout)) {
280 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
285 if(export_cert) cpass = passout;
297 if(export_cert || inrand) {
298 app_RAND_load_file(NULL, bio_err, (inrand != NULL));
300 BIO_printf(bio_err,"%ld semi-random bytes loaded\n",
301 app_RAND_load_files(inrand));
303 ERR_load_crypto_strings();
306 CRYPTO_push_info("read files");
309 if (!infile) in = BIO_new_fp(stdin, BIO_NOCLOSE);
310 else in = BIO_new_file(infile, "rb");
312 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error opening input file %s\n",
313 infile ? infile : "<stdin>");
319 if(!(certsin = BIO_new_file(certfile, "r"))) {
320 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't open certificate file %s\n", certfile);
327 if(!(inkey = BIO_new_file(keyname, "r"))) {
328 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't key certificate file %s\n", keyname);
336 CRYPTO_push_info("write files");
339 if (!outfile) out = BIO_new_fp(stdout, BIO_NOCLOSE);
340 else out = BIO_new_file(outfile, "wb");
342 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error opening output file %s\n",
343 outfile ? outfile : "<stdout>");
349 CRYPTO_push_info("read MAC password");
351 if(EVP_read_pw_string (macpass, 50, "Enter MAC Password:", export_cert))
353 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Can't read Password\n");
365 PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO *p8;
368 STACK_OF(X509) *certs=NULL;
371 unsigned char keyid[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
372 unsigned int keyidlen = 0;
375 CRYPTO_push_info("process -export_cert");
377 key = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(inkey ? inkey : in, NULL, NULL, passin);
378 if (!inkey) (void) BIO_reset(in);
379 else BIO_free(inkey);
381 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Error loading private key\n");
382 ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
386 certs = sk_X509_new(NULL);
388 /* Load in all certs in input file */
389 if(!cert_load(in, certs)) {
390 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error loading certificates from input\n");
391 ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
395 for(i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(certs); i++) {
396 ucert = sk_X509_value(certs, i);
397 if(X509_check_private_key(ucert, key)) {
398 X509_digest(ucert, EVP_sha1(), keyid, &keyidlen);
404 BIO_printf(bio_err, "No certificate matches private key\n");
408 bags = sk_new (NULL);
410 /* Add any more certificates asked for */
412 if(!cert_load(certsin, certs)) {
413 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error loading certificates from certfile\n");
414 ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
420 /* If chaining get chain from user cert */
423 STACK_OF(X509) *chain2;
424 vret = get_cert_chain (ucert, &chain2);
426 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Error %s getting chain.\n",
427 X509_verify_cert_error_string(vret));
430 /* Exclude verified certificate */
431 for (i = 1; i < sk_X509_num (chain2) ; i++)
432 sk_X509_push(certs, sk_X509_value (chain2, i));
433 sk_X509_free(chain2);
437 /* We now have loads of certificates: include them all */
438 for(i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(certs); i++) {
440 cert = sk_X509_value(certs, i);
441 bag = M_PKCS12_x5092certbag(cert);
442 /* If it matches private key set id */
444 if(name) PKCS12_add_friendlyname(bag, name, -1);
445 PKCS12_add_localkeyid(bag, keyid, keyidlen);
446 } else if((catmp = sk_shift(canames)))
447 PKCS12_add_friendlyname(bag, catmp, -1);
448 sk_push(bags, (char *)bag);
450 sk_X509_pop_free(certs, X509_free);
451 if (canames) sk_free(canames);
454 EVP_read_pw_string(pass, 50, "Enter Export Password:", 1)) {
455 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Can't read Password\n");
458 if (!twopass) strcpy(macpass, pass);
459 /* Turn certbags into encrypted authsafe */
460 authsafe = PKCS12_pack_p7encdata(cert_pbe, cpass, -1, NULL, 0,
462 sk_pop_free(bags, PKCS12_SAFEBAG_free);
465 ERR_print_errors (bio_err);
469 safes = sk_new (NULL);
470 sk_push (safes, (char *)authsafe);
472 /* Make a shrouded key bag */
473 p8 = EVP_PKEY2PKCS8 (key);
475 if(keytype) PKCS8_add_keyusage(p8, keytype);
476 bag = PKCS12_MAKE_SHKEYBAG(key_pbe, cpass, -1, NULL, 0, iter, p8);
477 PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_free(p8);
478 if (name) PKCS12_add_friendlyname (bag, name, -1);
479 PKCS12_add_localkeyid (bag, keyid, keyidlen);
481 sk_push (bags, (char *)bag);
482 /* Turn it into unencrypted safe bag */
483 authsafe = PKCS12_pack_p7data (bags);
484 sk_pop_free(bags, PKCS12_SAFEBAG_free);
485 sk_push (safes, (char *)authsafe);
487 p12 = PKCS12_init (NID_pkcs7_data);
489 M_PKCS12_pack_authsafes (p12, safes);
491 sk_pop_free(safes, PKCS7_free);
493 PKCS12_set_mac (p12, mpass, -1, NULL, 0, maciter, NULL);
495 i2d_PKCS12_bio (out, p12);
508 if (!(p12 = d2i_PKCS12_bio (in, NULL))) {
509 ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
514 CRYPTO_push_info("read import password");
516 if(!noprompt && EVP_read_pw_string(pass, 50, "Enter Import Password:", 0)) {
517 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Can't read Password\n");
524 if (!twopass) strcpy(macpass, pass);
526 if (options & INFO) BIO_printf (bio_err, "MAC Iteration %ld\n", p12->mac->iter ? ASN1_INTEGER_get (p12->mac->iter) : 1);
529 CRYPTO_push_info("verify MAC");
531 if (!PKCS12_verify_mac (p12, mpass, -1)) {
532 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Mac verify error: invalid password?\n");
533 ERR_print_errors (bio_err);
535 } else BIO_printf (bio_err, "MAC verified OK\n");
542 CRYPTO_push_info("output keys and certificates");
544 if (!dump_certs_keys_p12 (out, p12, cpass, -1, options, passout)) {
545 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error outputting keys and certificates\n");
546 ERR_print_errors (bio_err);
555 if(export_cert || inrand) app_RAND_write_file(NULL, bio_err);
557 CRYPTO_remove_all_info();
561 if(passin) Free(passin);
562 if(passout) Free(passout);
566 int dump_certs_keys_p12 (BIO *out, PKCS12 *p12, char *pass,
567 int passlen, int options, char *pempass)
569 STACK *asafes, *bags;
572 if (!( asafes = M_PKCS12_unpack_authsafes (p12))) return 0;
573 for (i = 0; i < sk_num (asafes); i++) {
574 p7 = (PKCS7 *) sk_value (asafes, i);
575 bagnid = OBJ_obj2nid (p7->type);
576 if (bagnid == NID_pkcs7_data) {
577 bags = M_PKCS12_unpack_p7data (p7);
578 if (options & INFO) BIO_printf (bio_err, "PKCS7 Data\n");
579 } else if (bagnid == NID_pkcs7_encrypted) {
580 if (options & INFO) {
581 BIO_printf (bio_err, "PKCS7 Encrypted data: ");
583 p7->d.encrypted->enc_data->algorithm);
585 bags = M_PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata (p7, pass, passlen);
588 if (!dump_certs_pkeys_bags (out, bags, pass, passlen,
590 sk_pop_free (bags, PKCS12_SAFEBAG_free);
593 sk_pop_free (bags, PKCS12_SAFEBAG_free);
595 sk_pop_free (asafes, PKCS7_free);
599 int dump_certs_pkeys_bags (BIO *out, STACK *bags, char *pass,
600 int passlen, int options, char *pempass)
603 for (i = 0; i < sk_num (bags); i++) {
604 if (!dump_certs_pkeys_bag (out,
605 (PKCS12_SAFEBAG *)sk_value (bags, i), pass, passlen,
606 options, pempass)) return 0;
611 int dump_certs_pkeys_bag (BIO *out, PKCS12_SAFEBAG *bag, char *pass,
612 int passlen, int options, char *pempass)
615 PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO *p8;
618 switch (M_PKCS12_bag_type(bag))
621 if (options & INFO) BIO_printf (bio_err, "Key bag\n");
622 if (options & NOKEYS) return 1;
623 print_attribs (out, bag->attrib, "Bag Attributes");
624 p8 = bag->value.keybag;
625 if (!(pkey = EVP_PKCS82PKEY (p8))) return 0;
626 print_attribs (out, p8->attributes, "Key Attributes");
627 PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey (out, pkey, enc, NULL, 0, NULL, pempass);
631 case NID_pkcs8ShroudedKeyBag:
632 if (options & INFO) {
633 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Shrouded Keybag: ");
634 alg_print (bio_err, bag->value.shkeybag->algor);
636 if (options & NOKEYS) return 1;
637 print_attribs (out, bag->attrib, "Bag Attributes");
638 if (!(p8 = M_PKCS12_decrypt_skey (bag, pass, passlen)))
640 if (!(pkey = EVP_PKCS82PKEY (p8))) return 0;
641 print_attribs (out, p8->attributes, "Key Attributes");
642 PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_free(p8);
643 PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey (out, pkey, enc, NULL, 0, NULL, pempass);
648 if (options & INFO) BIO_printf (bio_err, "Certificate bag\n");
649 if (options & NOCERTS) return 1;
650 if (PKCS12_get_attr(bag, NID_localKeyID)) {
651 if (options & CACERTS) return 1;
652 } else if (options & CLCERTS) return 1;
653 print_attribs (out, bag->attrib, "Bag Attributes");
654 if (M_PKCS12_cert_bag_type(bag) != NID_x509Certificate )
656 if (!(x509 = M_PKCS12_certbag2x509(bag))) return 0;
657 dump_cert_text (out, x509);
658 PEM_write_bio_X509 (out, x509);
662 case NID_safeContentsBag:
663 if (options & INFO) BIO_printf (bio_err, "Safe Contents bag\n");
664 print_attribs (out, bag->attrib, "Bag Attributes");
665 return dump_certs_pkeys_bags (out, bag->value.safes, pass,
666 passlen, options, pempass);
669 BIO_printf (bio_err, "Warning unsupported bag type: ");
670 i2a_ASN1_OBJECT (bio_err, bag->type);
671 BIO_printf (bio_err, "\n");
678 /* Given a single certificate return a verified chain or NULL if error */
680 /* Hope this is OK .... */
682 int get_cert_chain (X509 *cert, STACK_OF(X509) **chain)
685 X509_STORE_CTX store_ctx;
689 store = X509_STORE_new ();
690 X509_STORE_set_default_paths (store);
691 X509_STORE_CTX_init(&store_ctx, store, cert, NULL);
692 if (X509_verify_cert(&store_ctx) <= 0) {
693 i = X509_STORE_CTX_get_error (&store_ctx);
696 chn = X509_STORE_CTX_rget_chain(&store_ctx);
700 X509_STORE_CTX_cleanup(&store_ctx);
701 X509_STORE_free(store);
706 int alg_print (BIO *x, X509_ALGOR *alg)
710 p = alg->parameter->value.sequence->data;
711 pbe = d2i_PBEPARAM (NULL, &p, alg->parameter->value.sequence->length);
712 BIO_printf (bio_err, "%s, Iteration %d\n",
713 OBJ_nid2ln(OBJ_obj2nid(alg->algorithm)), ASN1_INTEGER_get(pbe->iter));
718 /* Load all certificates from a given file */
720 int cert_load(BIO *in, STACK_OF(X509) *sk)
725 while((cert = PEM_read_bio_X509(in, NULL, NULL, NULL))) {
727 sk_X509_push(sk, cert);
729 if(ret) ERR_clear_error();
733 /* Generalised attribute print: handle PKCS#8 and bag attributes */
735 int print_attribs (BIO *out, STACK_OF(X509_ATTRIBUTE) *attrlst, char *name)
737 X509_ATTRIBUTE *attr;
742 BIO_printf(out, "%s: <No Attributes>\n", name);
745 if(!sk_X509_ATTRIBUTE_num(attrlst)) {
746 BIO_printf(out, "%s: <Empty Attributes>\n", name);
749 BIO_printf(out, "%s\n", name);
750 for(i = 0; i < sk_X509_ATTRIBUTE_num(attrlst); i++) {
751 attr = sk_X509_ATTRIBUTE_value(attrlst, i);
752 attr_nid = OBJ_obj2nid(attr->object);
753 BIO_printf(out, " ");
754 if(attr_nid == NID_undef) {
755 i2a_ASN1_OBJECT (out, attr->object);
756 BIO_printf(out, ": ");
757 } else BIO_printf(out, "%s: ", OBJ_nid2ln(attr_nid));
759 if(sk_ASN1_TYPE_num(attr->value.set)) {
760 av = sk_ASN1_TYPE_value(attr->value.set, 0);
762 case V_ASN1_BMPSTRING:
763 value = uni2asc(av->value.bmpstring->data,
764 av->value.bmpstring->length);
765 BIO_printf(out, "%s\n", value);
769 case V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING:
770 hex_prin(out, av->value.bit_string->data,
771 av->value.bit_string->length);
772 BIO_printf(out, "\n");
775 case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING:
776 hex_prin(out, av->value.octet_string->data,
777 av->value.octet_string->length);
778 BIO_printf(out, "\n");
782 BIO_printf(out, "<Unsupported tag %d>\n", av->type);
785 } else BIO_printf(out, "<No Values>\n");
790 void hex_prin(BIO *out, unsigned char *buf, int len)
793 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) BIO_printf (out, "%02X ", buf[i]);