2 INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM
3 ---------------------------------
5 [Installation on Windows, OpenVMS and MacOS (before MacOS X) is described
6 in INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS and INSTALL.MacOS.]
8 To install OpenSSL, you will need:
12 * a supported Unix operating system
17 If you want to just get on with it, do:
24 [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
26 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for
27 historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else,
30 $ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl
36 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
39 --prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl.
40 Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl
41 or the directory specified by --openssldir.
43 --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified,
44 the library files and binaries are also installed there.
46 no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
49 threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
50 This will usually require additional system-dependent options!
51 See "Note on multi-threading" below.
53 no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries.
55 shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
56 libraries on platforms where it's supported. See "Note on
57 shared libraries" below.
59 no-asm Do not use assembler code.
61 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is
62 more efficient, but requires at least a 486).
64 no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa,
65 hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
66 The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running
69 -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -Kxxx These system specific options will
70 be passed through to the compiler to allow you to
71 define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries,
72 library directories or other compiler options.
75 Installation in Detail
76 ----------------------
78 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
82 This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
83 configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
84 if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
85 are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
86 wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
88 On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
90 $ ./config -d [options]
92 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
94 OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
95 compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
99 Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
100 operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
101 you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
102 as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
105 $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
107 If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure
108 program and add the correct configuration for your system. The
109 generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
112 Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and
113 defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
114 crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
116 2. Build OpenSSL by running:
120 This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the
121 OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level
122 directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory.
124 If "make" fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
125 the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like missing
126 standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
127 report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org> (note that your
128 message will be forwarded to a public mailing list). Include the
129 output of "make report" in your message.
131 [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
132 configuration option as an immediate fix.]
134 Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
135 compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
137 3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
141 If a test fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
142 the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a missing
143 or malfunctioning bc). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself,
144 try removing any compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line
145 in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please send a bug
146 report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the output of
149 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
153 This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and
154 then the following subdirectories:
156 certs Initially empty, this is the default location
157 for certificate files.
158 man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool
159 man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete)
160 misc Various scripts.
161 private Initially empty, this is the default location
162 for private key files.
164 If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the
165 following additional subdirectories will be created:
167 bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other
169 include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to
170 compile programs with libcrypto or libssl.
171 lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves.
173 Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
174 locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
175 it can easily be packaged, can use
177 $ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install
179 (or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure
180 option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all
181 installation target filenames.
184 NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include
185 directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that
186 OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the
187 same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL
188 should now use C preprocessor directives of the form
190 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
192 instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions
193 up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b.
195 If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version,
196 you should delete the old header files in the include directory.
198 Compatibility issues:
200 * COMPILING existing applications
202 To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g.
203 "#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find
204 the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and
205 add a C option such as
207 -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl
211 But don't delete the existing -I option that points to
212 the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files
213 could not #include each other.
215 * WRITING applications
217 To write an application that is able to handle both the new
218 and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled
219 with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering
220 the user, you can proceed as follows:
222 - Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files,
223 e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>.
225 - Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic
226 link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory
228 For example, your application's Makefile might contain the
229 following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or
230 relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides:
234 cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists
235 -ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl
237 You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies
238 of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file.
240 - Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS.
242 With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available
243 under both name variants if an old library version is used:
244 Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>,
245 while the header files still are able to #include each other
246 with names of the form <foo.h>.
249 Note on multi-threading
250 -----------------------
252 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
253 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
254 applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
255 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
258 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
259 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
260 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this
261 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
262 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
263 from the Configure script.)
266 Note on shared libraries
267 ------------------------
269 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
270 build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems,
271 the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
272 the option "shared" will get them created. This method supports Makefile
273 targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared. Those targets
274 can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected
275 to change in future versions of OpenSSL.