2 INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM
3 ---------------------------------
5 [Installation on Windows, OpenVMS and MacOS (before MacOS X) is described
6 in INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS and INSTALL.MacOS.]
8 To install OpenSSL, you will need:
13 * a development environment in form of development libraries and C
15 * a supported Unix operating system
20 If you want to just get on with it, do:
27 [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
29 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for
30 historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else,
33 $ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl
39 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
42 --prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl.
43 Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl
44 or the directory specified by --openssldir.
46 --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified,
47 the library files and binaries are also installed there.
49 no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
52 threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
53 This will usually require additional system-dependent options!
54 See "Note on multi-threading" below.
56 no-zlib Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and
59 zlib Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.
61 zlib-dynamic Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library dynamically
62 when needed. This is only supported on systems where loading
63 of shared libraries is supported. This is the default choice.
65 no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries.
67 shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
68 libraries on platforms where it's supported. See "Note on
69 shared libraries" below.
71 no-asm Do not use assembler code.
73 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is
74 more efficient, but requires at least a 486).
76 no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa,
77 hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
78 The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running
81 -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -Kxxx These system specific options will
82 be passed through to the compiler to allow you to
83 define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries,
84 library directories or other compiler options.
87 Installation in Detail
88 ----------------------
90 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
94 This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
95 configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
96 if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
97 are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
98 wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
100 On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
102 $ ./config -d [options]
104 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
106 OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
107 compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
111 Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
112 operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
113 you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
114 as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
117 $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
119 If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure
120 program and add the correct configuration for your system. The
121 generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
124 Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and
125 defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
126 crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
128 2. Build OpenSSL by running:
132 This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the
133 OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level
134 directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory.
136 If "make" fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
137 the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
138 standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
139 report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org> (note that your
140 message will be forwarded to a public mailing list). Include the
141 output of "make report" in your message.
143 [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
144 configuration option as an immediate fix.]
146 Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
147 compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
149 3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
153 If a test fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
154 the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a missing
155 or malfunctioning bc). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself,
156 try removing any compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line
157 in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please send a bug
158 report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the output of
161 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
165 This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and
166 then the following subdirectories:
168 certs Initially empty, this is the default location
169 for certificate files.
170 man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool
171 man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete)
172 misc Various scripts.
173 private Initially empty, this is the default location
174 for private key files.
176 If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the
177 following additional subdirectories will be created:
179 bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other
181 include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to
182 compile programs with libcrypto or libssl.
183 lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves.
185 Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
186 locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
187 it can easily be packaged, can use
189 $ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install
191 (or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure
192 option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all
193 installation target filenames.
196 NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include
197 directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that
198 OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the
199 same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL
200 should now use C preprocessor directives of the form
202 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
204 instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions
205 up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b.
207 If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version,
208 you should delete the old header files in the include directory.
210 Compatibility issues:
212 * COMPILING existing applications
214 To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g.
215 "#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find
216 the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and
217 add a C option such as
219 -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl
223 But don't delete the existing -I option that points to
224 the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files
225 could not #include each other.
227 * WRITING applications
229 To write an application that is able to handle both the new
230 and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled
231 with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering
232 the user, you can proceed as follows:
234 - Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files,
235 e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>.
237 - Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic
238 link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory
240 For example, your application's Makefile might contain the
241 following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or
242 relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides:
246 cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists
247 -ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl
249 You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies
250 of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file.
252 - Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS.
254 With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available
255 under both name variants if an old library version is used:
256 Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>,
257 while the header files still are able to #include each other
258 with names of the form <foo.h>.
261 Note on multi-threading
262 -----------------------
264 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
265 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
266 applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
267 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
270 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
271 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
272 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this
273 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
274 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
275 from the Configure script.)
278 Note on shared libraries
279 ------------------------
281 Shared library is currently an experimental feature. The only reason to
282 have them would be to conserve memory on systems where several program
283 are using OpenSSL. Binary backward compatibility can't be guaranteed
284 before OpenSSL version 1.0.
286 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
287 build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems,
288 the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
289 the option "shared" will get them created. This method supports Makefile
290 targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared. Those targets
291 can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected
292 to change in future versions of OpenSSL.