2 INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM
3 ---------------------------------
5 [Installation on Windows, OpenVMS and MacOS (before MacOS X) is described
6 in INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS and INSTALL.MacOS.]
8 To install OpenSSL, you will need:
12 * a supported Unix operating system
17 If you want to just get on with it, do:
24 [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
26 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for
27 historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else,
30 $ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl
36 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
39 --prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl.
40 Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl
41 or the directory specified by --openssldir.
43 --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified,
44 the library files and binaries are also installed there.
46 rsaref Build with RSADSI's RSAREF toolkit (this assumes that
47 librsaref.a is in the library search path).
49 no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
52 threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
53 This will usually require additional system-dependent options!
54 See "Note on multi-threading" below.
56 no-asm Do not use assembler code.
58 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is
59 more efficient, but requires at least a 486).
61 no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa,
62 hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
63 The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running
66 -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -Kxxx These system specific options will
67 be passed through to the compiler to allow you to
68 define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries,
69 library directories or other compiler options.
72 Installation in Detail
73 ----------------------
75 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
79 This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
80 configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
81 if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
82 are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
83 wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
85 On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
87 $ ./config -d [options]
89 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
91 OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
92 compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
96 Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
97 operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
98 you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
99 as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
102 $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
104 If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure
105 program and add the correct configuration for your system. The
106 generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
109 Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and
110 defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
111 crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
113 2. Build OpenSSL by running:
117 This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the
118 OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level
119 directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory.
121 If "make" fails, please report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>
122 (note that your message will be forwarded to a public mailing list).
123 Include the output of "make report" in your message.
125 [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
126 configuration option as an immediate fix.]
128 Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
129 compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
131 3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
135 If a test fails, try removing any compiler optimization flags from
136 the CFLAGS line in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please
137 send a bug report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the
138 output of "make report".
140 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
144 This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and
145 then the following subdirectories:
147 certs Initially empty, this is the default location
148 for certificate files.
149 man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool
150 man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete)
151 misc Various scripts.
152 private Initially empty, this is the default location
153 for private key files.
155 If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the
156 following additional subdirectories will be created:
158 bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other
160 include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to
161 compile programs with libcrypto or libssl.
162 lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves.
164 Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
165 locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
166 it can easily be packaged, can use
168 $ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install
170 (or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure
171 option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all
172 installation target filenames.
175 NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include
176 directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that
177 OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the
178 same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL
179 should now use C preprocessor directives of the form
181 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
183 instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions
184 up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b.
186 If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version,
187 you should delete the old header files in the include directory.
189 Compatibility issues:
191 * COMPILING existing applications
193 To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g.
194 "#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find
195 the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and
196 add a C option such as
198 -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl
202 But don't delete the existing -I option that points to
203 the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files
204 could not #include each other.
206 * WRITING applications
208 To write an application that is able to handle both the new
209 and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled
210 with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering
211 the user, you can proceed as follows:
213 - Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files,
214 e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>.
216 - Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic
217 link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory
219 For example, your application's Makefile might contain the
220 following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or
221 relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides:
225 cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists
226 -ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl
228 You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies
229 of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file.
231 - Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS.
233 With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available
234 under both name variants if an old library version is used:
235 Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>,
236 while the header files still are able to #include each other
237 with names of the form <foo.h>.
240 Note on multi-threading
241 -----------------------
243 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
244 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
245 applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
246 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
249 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
250 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
251 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this
252 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
253 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
254 from the Configure script.)